Biển với người Việt

<html> <head> <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8'> <title> </title> </head> <div> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title></title> <div style="text-align: center; "><strong><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); ">&nbsp;Bi&#7875n v&#7899i ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t</span></span></span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">1. L&agrave; m&#7897t qu&#7889c gia c&oacute; d&#7843i b&#7901 bi&#7875n tr&#7843i d&#7885c theo b&#7901 T&acirc;y Th&aacute;i B&igrave;nh D&#432&#417ng, t&#7921 bao &#273&#7901i, bi&#7875n &#273&atilde; l&agrave; m&ocirc;i tr&#432&#7901ng s&#7889ng, m&ocirc;i tr&#432&#7901ng ti&#7871p giao v&#259n h&oacute;a c&#7911a ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t. C&ugrave;ng v&#7899i c&aacute;c kh&ocirc;ng gian n&uacute;i r&#7915ng v&agrave; ch&acirc;u th&#7893, bi&#7875n &#273&atilde; g&oacute;p ph&#7847n h&#7907p th&agrave;nh, &#273&#7883nh di&#7879n truy&#7873n th&#7889ng, b&#7843n s&#7855c v&#259n h&oacute;a, c&#417 s&#7903 kinh t&#7871, t&#432 duy... c&#7911a nhi&#7873u c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng c&#432 d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><font face="Arial" size="2"><br /> </font></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Trong t&acirc;m th&#7913c c&#7911a ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t, &#272&ocirc;ng H&#7843i - Bi&#7875n &#272&ocirc;ng l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng gian thi&ecirc;ng g&#7855n v&#7899i th&#7901i l&#7853p qu&#7889c. Bao th&#7871 h&#7879 ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t &#273&atilde; ho&agrave;i ni&#7879m v&#7873 Cha r&#7891ng - M&#7865 ti&ecirc;n, v&#7873 c&ocirc;ng lao sinh th&agrave;nh, m&#7903 c&otilde;i c&#7911a c&aacute;c b&#7853c Th&#7911y t&#7893. T&#7915 bi&#7875n, L&#7841c Long Qu&acirc;n &#273&atilde; v&#7873 v&#7899i &#273&#7845t li&#7873n, hi&#7875n linh nh&#432 m&#7897t Nh&acirc;n th&#7847n, di&#7879t tr&#7915 y&ecirc;u qu&aacute;i, gi&aacute;o h&oacute;a d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng, d&#7841y cho d&acirc;n bi&#7871t c&#7845y l&uacute;a, l&agrave;m ngh&#7873 th&#7911 c&ocirc;ng.&nbsp;</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: center; "><img width="355" height="266" alt="" src="33.jpg" /></div> <div style="text-align: center; "><em><span style="font-family: Arial; "><span style="font-size: small; ">Trong t&acirc;m th&#7913c ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t, bi&#7875n &#272&ocirc;ng l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng gian thi&ecirc;ng li&ecirc;ng. &#7842nh: Th&aacute;i An</span></span></em></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Trong kh&ocirc;ng gian bi&#7875n r&#7897ng l&#7899n c&#7911a ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t, d&#432&#7901ng nh&#432 ngay t&#7915 &#273i&#7875m kh&#7903i nguy&ecirc;n, do t&aacute;c &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n &#272&#7883a - V&#259n h&oacute;a, &#272&#7883a - Kinh t&#7871 &#273&atilde; s&#7899m h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh m&#7897t s&#7921 ph&acirc;n l&#7853p m&#7873m gi&#7919a c&aacute;c kh&ocirc;ng gian v&#259n h&oacute;a tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 &#273&#7883a v&#7921c. Theo &#273&oacute;, n&#7871u nh&#432 v&ugrave;ng bi&#7875n &#272&ocirc;ng B&#7855c s&#7899m c&oacute; nhi&#7873u m&#7889i li&ecirc;n h&#7879 v&#7899i khu v&#7921c &#272&ocirc;ng B&#7855c &Aacute; &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; trung t&acirc;m v&#259n h&oacute;a Hoa Nam th&igrave; &#7903 ph&#432&#417ng Nam, ch&#7911 nh&acirc;n c&aacute;c n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a Sa Hu&#7923nh, Champa, &Oacute;c Eo - Ph&ugrave; Nam c&#361ng c&oacute; nhi&#7873u m&#7889i giao l&#432u m&#7853t thi&#7871t v&#7899i v&ugrave;ng h&#7843i &#273&#7843o &#272&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute; c&#361ng nh&#432 T&acirc;y Nam &Aacute;. M&ocirc;i tr&#432&#7901ng v&#259n h&oacute;a, kinh t&#7871 bi&#7875n &#273&atilde; t&#7841o n&ecirc;n nh&#7919ng &#273&#7897ng l&#7921c m&#7841nh m&#7869 cho s&#7921 h&#432ng kh&#7903i c&#7911a nhi&#7873u n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a, nhi&#7873u qu&#7889c gia khu v&#7921c.&nbsp;</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">2. &#272&#7871n th&#7871 k&#7927 XI - XV, c&ugrave;ng v&#7899i vi&#7879c kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh ch&#7911 quy&#7873n, c&#432&#417ng v&#7921c l&atilde;nh th&#7893 &#7903 ph&iacute;a B&#7855c, ph&iacute;a T&acirc;y, nh&agrave; L&yacute; r&#7891i nh&agrave; Tr&#7847n &#273&atilde; th&#7921c thi nhi&#7873u bi&#7879n ph&aacute;p &#273&#7875 v&#432&#417n m&#7841nh ra khai ph&aacute;, kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh ch&#7911 quy&#7873n v&ugrave;ng &#272&ocirc;ng H&#7843i. Trong &yacute; ngh&#297a &#273&oacute;, &quot;Bi&#7875n Giao Ch&#7881&rdquo;, &quot;Bi&#7875n Giao Ch&acirc;u&rdquo; x&#432a &#273&atilde; th&#7921c s&#7921 tr&#7903 v&#7873 v&#7899i ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t, do ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t l&agrave;m ch&#7911. Vi&#7879c v&#432&#417ng tri&#7873u L&yacute;, vua L&yacute; Anh T&ocirc;ng (cq:1138-1175) quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh khai m&#7903 trang V&acirc;n &#272&#7891n n&#259m 1149, l&agrave; m&#7897t c&#7889ng hi&#7871n to l&#7899n &#273&#7889i v&#7899i l&#7883ch s&#7917 d&acirc;n t&#7897c. Nh&agrave; L&yacute; &#273&atilde; thi&#7871t l&#7853p th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng m&#7897t trung t&acirc;m kinh t&#7871 &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i, b&#7843o &#273&#7843m an ninh &#7903 v&ugrave;ng bi&#7875n &#273&#7843o &#272&ocirc;ng B&#7855c, kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh ch&#7911 quy&#7873n c&#7911a qu&#7889c gia &#272&#7841i Vi&#7879t tr&#432&#7899c &#273&#7871 ch&#7871 T&#7889ng (960-1279) h&ugrave;ng m&#7841nh. &#272&iacute;ch th&acirc;n vua Anh T&ocirc;ng &#273&atilde; nhi&#7873u l&#7847n &#273i tu&#7847n c&aacute;c h&#7843i &#273&#7843o, xem kh&#7855p h&igrave;nh th&#7871 n&uacute;i s&ocirc;ng, t&igrave;m hi&#7875u cu&#7897c s&#7889ng c&#432 d&acirc;n v&ugrave;ng bi&#7875n &#273&#7843o, cho v&#7869 b&#7843n &#273&#7891 v&agrave; ghi ch&eacute;p phong v&#7853t. V&agrave;o th&#7901i L&yacute;, Tr&#7847n, ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a c&aacute;c trung t&acirc;m kinh t&#7871 &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i nh&#432 h&#7843i trang V&acirc;n &#272&#7891n &#273&atilde; t&#7841o n&ecirc;n th&#7871 &#273&#7913ng ch&acirc;n v&#7919ng ch&#7855c cho kinh t&#7871 &#272&#7841i Vi&#7879t. C&aacute;c th&#432&#417ng c&#7843ng Vi&#7879t Nam l&agrave; &#273i&#7875m &#273&#7871n th&#432&#7901ng xuy&ecirc;n c&#7911a th&#432&#417ng nh&acirc;n khu v&#7921c nh&#432 Trung Hoa, Champa, Ch&acirc;n L&#7841p, Siam, Java, &#7844n &#272&#7897, T&acirc;y &Aacute;...&nbsp;</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">&#272&#7871n th&#7871 k&#7927 XVI-XVIII, c&aacute;c th&#432&#417ng c&#7843ng Vi&#7879t Nam v&#7851n ti&#7871p t&#7909c l&agrave; &#273i&#7875m &#273&#7871n c&#7911a nhi&#7873u &#273o&agrave;n th&#432&#417ng thuy&#7873n khu v&#7921c, qu&#7889c t&#7871. &#272i&#7873u quan tr&#7885ng l&agrave;, c&ugrave;ng v&#7899i c&aacute;c th&#432&#417ng nh&acirc;n truy&#7873n th&#7889ng, Bi&#7875n &#272&ocirc;ng &#273&atilde; d&#7853y s&oacute;ng b&#7903i s&#7921 hi&#7879n di&#7879n c&#7911a nhi&#7873u t&#7853p &#273o&agrave;n th&#432&#417ng nh&acirc;n ph&#432&#417ng T&acirc;y &#273&#432&#7907c t&#7893 ch&#7913c th&agrave;nh c&aacute;c C&ocirc;ng ty &#272&ocirc;ng &#7844n. Nh&#7853n th&#7913c r&otilde; nh&#7919ng bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i c&#7911a t&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh kinh t&#7871, ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 th&#7871 gi&#7899i, ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n L&ecirc; - Tr&#7883nh &#7903 &#272&agrave;ng Ngo&agrave;i v&agrave; &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; ch&uacute;a Nguy&#7877n &#7903 &#272&agrave;ng Trong... &#273&atilde; th&#7921c thi nhi&#7873u ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch khuy&#7871n th&#432&#417ng m&#7841nh m&#7869. Trong v&ograve;ng 2 th&#7871 k&#7927, n&#7873n kinh t&#7871 &#272&#7841i Vi&#7879t trong &#273&oacute; c&oacute; kinh t&#7871 ngo&#7841i th&#432&#417ng &#273&atilde; c&oacute; nh&#7919ng chuy&#7875n bi&#7871n, ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n tr&#7897i v&#432&#7907t. Nhi&#7873u th&#432&#417ng c&#7843ng, trung t&acirc;m kinh t&#7871 m&#7899i xu&#7845t hi&#7879n.&nbsp;</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Qua c&aacute;c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng kinh t&#7871 &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i, ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n v&agrave; gi&#7899i doanh th&#432&#417ng Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&atilde; ti&#7871p thu &#273&#432&#7907c nhi&#7873u tri th&#7913c, kinh nghi&#7879m trong giao th&#432&#417ng qu&#7889c t&#7871. M&#7863t kh&aacute;c, h&#7885 c&#361ng &#273&atilde; ch&#7913ng t&#7887 n&#259ng l&#7921c h&#7897i nh&#7853p v&#7899i th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng khu v&#7921c. Kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 d&#7915ng l&#7841i &#7903 vi&#7879c giao th&#432&#417ng, bu&ocirc;n b&aacute;n, &#7903 &#272&agrave;ng Trong ch&uacute;a Nguy&#7877n c&ograve;n cho l&#7853p c&aacute;c &#273&#7897i Ho&agrave;ng Sa, B&#7855c H&#7843i... &#273&#7875 t&#7893 ch&#7913c khai th&aacute;c bi&#7875n, v&#432&#417n ra c&aacute;c &#273&#7843o xa &#7903 &#273&#7841i d&#432&#417ng. Ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n ch&uacute;a Nguy&#7877n v&agrave; sau &#273&oacute; &#273&#7871n th&#7871 k&#7927 XIX l&agrave; m&#7897t s&#7889 v&#7883 vua &#273&#7847u tri&#7873u Nguy&#7877n, &#273&atilde; ti&#7871p t&#7909c t&#7893 ch&#7913c khai th&aacute;c, x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh t&#7885a &#273&#7897, v&#7869 b&#7843n &#273&#7891, d&#7921ng bia ch&#7911 quy&#7873n... tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;c qu&#7847n &#273&#7843o Ho&agrave;ng Sa, Tr&#432&#7901ng Sa c&#7911a T&#7893 qu&#7889c Vi&#7879t Nam.&nbsp;</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">3. Trong h&#7879 th&#7889ng th&#432&#417ng m&#7841i ch&acirc;u &Aacute;, Vi&#7879t Nam c&oacute; nhi&#7873u h&#7843i c&#7843ng thu&#7853n l&#7907i cho s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n kinh t&#7871 &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i. C&ugrave;ng v&#7899i v&ugrave;ng bi&#7875n &#273&#7843o &#272&ocirc;ng B&#7855c, c&aacute;c th&#432&#417ng c&#7843ng ven bi&#7875n mi&#7873n Trung &#273&atilde; g&oacute;p ph&#7847n gi&uacute;p th&#432&#417ng nh&acirc;n m&#7897t s&#7889 qu&#7889c gia &#272&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute; h&#7843i &#273&#7843o, T&acirc;y Nam &Aacute; &#273&atilde; c&oacute; th&#7875 &#273&#7871n &#272&#7841i Vi&#7879t, Trung Qu&#7889c, Nh&#7853t B&#7843n... Trong &yacute; ngh&#297a &#273&oacute;, ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a c&aacute;c Con &#273&#432&#7901ng t&#417 l&#7909a (Maritime silk roads) v&#7899i hai tuy&#7871n ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; &#272&ocirc;ng d&#432&#417ng ch&acirc;m l&#7897 v&agrave; T&acirc;y d&#432&#417ng ch&acirc;m l&#7897 h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh t&#7915 th&#7901i H&aacute;n (206TCN - 220), h&#432ng th&#7883nh th&#7901i &#272&#432&#7901ng (618 - 907), m&#7903 r&#7897ng v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng ng&#7915ng ho&agrave;n thi&#7879n v&agrave;o th&#7901i T&#7889ng, &#273&atilde; th&acirc;m nh&#7853p s&acirc;u v&agrave;o nhi&#7873u th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng khu v&#7921c. Trong kho&#7843ng th&#7901i gian &#273&oacute;, v&agrave; tr&#432&#7899c &#273&oacute;, c&#361ng nh&#7901 c&oacute; nh&#7919ng ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng giao th&#432&#417ng t&iacute;ch c&#7921c v&#7899i th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng ch&acirc;u &Aacute; r&#7897ng l&#7899n &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; v&#7899i v&ugrave;ng Nam &#7844n m&agrave; c&aacute;c c&aacute;c c&#7843ng th&#7883 Ph&ugrave; Nam &#273&atilde; &#273&#7841t &#273&#7871n &#273&#7897 h&#432ng th&#7883nh ch&#7881 sau m&#7897t th&#7901i gian t&#432&#417ng &#273&#7889i ng&#7855n. Bi&#7875n c&#7843 v&agrave; giao th&#432&#417ng bi&#7875n &#273&atilde; &#273em l&#7841i sinh l&#7921c, &#273&#7897ng l&#7921c ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n m&#7841nh m&#7869 cho v&#432&#417ng qu&#7889c Ph&ugrave; Nam. C&ugrave;ng v&#7899i vi&#7879c khai th&aacute;c ngu&#7891n t&agrave;i nguy&ecirc;n v&ugrave;ng h&#7841 l&#432u s&ocirc;ng Mekong, c&#7911a m&#7897t s&#7889 v&ugrave;ng &#273&#7845t, v&#432&#417ng qu&#7889c l&#7879 thu&#7897c, kinh t&#7871 th&#432&#417ng m&#7841i bi&#7875n &#273&atilde; t&#7841o n&ecirc;n s&#7921 h&#432ng kh&#7903i cho v&#259n h&oacute;a &Oacute;c Eo - Ph&ugrave; Nam. Nh&#7901 c&oacute; kinh t&#7871 c&ocirc;ng th&#432&#417ng m&agrave; ch&#7881 h&#417n m&#7897t th&#7871 k&#7927 sau khi ra &#273&#7901i, v&#432&#417ng qu&#7889c bi&#7875n Ph&ugrave; Nam &#273&atilde; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh m&#7897t qu&#7889c gia c&#432&#7901ng th&#7883nh. V&#259n h&oacute;a &Oacute;c Eo - Ph&ugrave; Nam l&agrave; m&#7897t trong s&#7889 &iacute;t c&aacute;c n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n s&#7899m, r&#7921c r&#7905 b&#7853c nh&#7845t &#7903 &#272&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute; th&#7901i c&#7893 &#273&#7841i.&nbsp;</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">C&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i, trong l&#7883ch s&#7917, tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;c kh&ocirc;ng gian bi&#7875n Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&atilde; t&#7915ng l&agrave; n&#417i di&#7877n ra nhi&#7873u ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng giao th&#432&#417ng trong n&#432&#7899c - qu&#7889c t&#7871, v&ugrave;ng - li&ecirc;n v&ugrave;ng h&#7871t s&#7913c s&ocirc;i &#273&#7897ng. B&ecirc;n c&#7841nh kinh t&#7871 n&ocirc;ng nghi&#7879p, th&#7911 c&ocirc;ng nghi&#7879p, kinh t&#7871 th&#432&#417ng m&#7841i, trong &#273&oacute; c&oacute; ngo&#7841i th&#432&#417ng, &#273&atilde; lu&ocirc;n &#273&oacute;ng vai tr&ograve; quan tr&#7885ng, g&oacute;p ph&#7847n t&#7841o n&ecirc;n s&#7921 h&#432ng th&#7883nh c&#7911a kinh t&#7871 Vi&#7879t Nam trong nhi&#7873u th&#7901i k&#7923 l&#7883ch s&#7917. &#272&#7863t Vi&#7879t Nam trong kh&ocirc;ng gian kinh t&#7871 bi&#7875n &#272&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;, trong m&#7889i li&ecirc;n h&#7879 v&#7899i khu v&#7921c th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng &#272&ocirc;ng B&#7855c &Aacute; v&agrave; T&acirc;y Nam &Aacute; c&oacute; th&#7875 kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh r&#7857ng, ch&#7911 nh&acirc;n c&#7911a c&aacute;c n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a c&#7893, c&aacute;c ch&iacute;nh th&#7875 qu&acirc;n ch&#7911 &#273&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 ch&uacute; t&acirc;m x&acirc;y d&#7921ng x&atilde; h&#7897i n&ocirc;ng nghi&#7879p, khai th&aacute;c t&#7921 nhi&ecirc;n m&agrave; c&ograve;n quan t&acirc;m &#273&#7871n s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a kinh t&#7871 c&ocirc;ng th&#432&#417ng, ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n kinh t&#7871 bi&#7875n.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Th&#7845u hi&#7875u truy&#7873n th&#7889ng, &#273&aacute;nh gi&aacute; kh&aacute;ch quan nh&#7919ng h&#7841n ch&#7871, &#432u th&#7871, v&#7883 th&#7871 bi&#7875n trong l&#7883ch s&#7917 d&acirc;n t&#7897c s&#7869 gi&uacute;p ch&uacute;ng ta s&#7869 c&oacute; th&ecirc;m ni&#7873m tin, kinh nghi&#7879m, tri th&#7913c &#273&#7875 th&#7921c hi&#7879n th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng Chi&#7871n l&#432&#7907c bi&#7875n Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i g&oacute;p th&ecirc;m c&#417 s&#7903 cho cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh b&#7843o v&#7879 ch&#7911 quy&#7873n bi&#7875n &#273&#7843o, b&#7843o v&#7879 an ninh, kinh t&#7871 bi&#7875n, c&#7911ng c&#7889 m&#7889i quan h&#7879 h&#7907p t&aacute;c, h&#7919u ngh&#7883 v&#7899i c&aacute;c qu&#7889c gia khu v&#7921c.&nbsp;</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: right; "><strong><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">PGS.TS NGUY&#7876N V&#258N KIM</span></span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Ph&oacute; T&#7893ng th&#432 k&yacute; H&#7897i khoa h&#7885c l&#7883ch s&#7917 Vi&#7879t Nam</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right; "><em>(</em><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>Ngu&#7891n: B&aacute;o &#272&#7841i &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t)</em></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> </meta> </div> </html>

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