Cúm A và những điều cần biết

<html> <head> <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8'> <title> </title> </head> <div> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title></title> <div style="text-align: center; ">&nbsp;</div> <div><span style="font-family: Arial; "> <div style="text-align: center; ">&nbsp;<strong style="text-align: justify; font-size: small; "><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); ">C&uacute;m A v&agrave; nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7873u c&#7847n bi&#7871t</span></strong></div> </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <em> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">&nbsp;</span></span></div> </em> <div style="text-align: justify; "><em><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Trong khi c&uacute;m A/H1N1 &#273&atilde; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh c&uacute;m m&ugrave;a th&ocirc;ng th&#432&#7901ng th&igrave; c&uacute;m A/H5N1 l&#7841i t&aacute;i xu&#7845t sau m&#7897t th&#7901i gian v&#7855ng b&oacute;ng v&#7899i c&aacute;c tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p nhi&#7877m &#273&#7873u c&oacute; nguy c&#417 t&#7917 vong cao. B&ecirc;n c&#7841nh &#273&oacute; l&agrave; s&#7921 xu&#7845t hi&#7879n th&ecirc;m tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p nhi&#7877m c&uacute;m A/H3N2 &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n. &#272i&#7873u n&agrave;y g&acirc;y ra s&#7921 lo l&#7855ng cho nhi&#7873u ng&#432&#7901i v&#7873 s&#7921 bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i &#273&#7897c l&#7921c c&#361ng nh&#432 &#273&#432&#7901ng l&acirc;y truy&#7873n c&#7911a vi r&uacute;t. Th&#7853t ra, &#273i&#7873u n&agrave;y &#273&atilde; x&#7843y ra ch&#432a v&agrave; c&oacute; &#273&aacute;ng lo ng&#7841i kh&ocirc;ng?</span></span></em></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><strong>&#272i&#7875m m&#7863t c&uacute;m A &#7903 ng&#432&#7901i</strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">C&uacute;m ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; 3 ch&#7911ng A, B, C nh&#432ng g&acirc;y &#273&#7841i d&#7883ch l&#7899n tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i ch&#7911 y&#7871u l&agrave; c&uacute;m A. Lo&agrave;i ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; tr&#7843i qua nhi&#7873u &#273&#7841i d&#7883ch c&uacute;m trong th&#7871 k&#7927 20, l&agrave;m h&agrave;ng ch&#7909c tri&#7879u ng&#432&#7901i t&#7917 vong. S&#7921 bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i kh&aacute;ng nguy&ecirc;n c&#7911a virut c&uacute;m l&agrave; s&#7921 &#273e d&#7885a nghi&ecirc;m tr&#7885ng &#273&#7889i v&#7899i c&#7843 lo&agrave;i ng&#432&#7901i. B&#7879nh c&uacute;m th&ocirc;ng th&#432&#7901ng th&igrave; h&#7847u nh&#432 ai c&#361ng &iacute;t nh&#7845t 1 l&#7847n m&#7855c ph&#7843i, bi&#7875u hi&#7879n h&#7855t h&#417i, s&#7893 m&#361i, ho khan, vi&ecirc;m h&#7885ng, n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; b&#7897i nhi&#7877m v&agrave; bi&#7871n ch&#7913ng b&#7845t th&#432&#7901ng th&igrave; v&agrave;i ng&agrave;y b&#7879nh s&#7869 h&#7871t. Nh&#7919ng th&#7875 c&uacute;m n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng &#273e d&#7885a &#273&#7871n t&iacute;nh m&#7841ng con ng&#432&#7901i. Hi&#7879n nay, &#273&aacute;ng ch&uacute; &yacute; c&oacute; c&aacute;c lo&#7841i c&uacute;m A sau:</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">&nbsp;</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center; "><img width="400" height="350" alt="" src="HINIsymptoms1.JPG" /><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div><em> <div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">&nbsp;&#272&#432&#7901ng l&acirc;y truy&#7873n v&agrave; bi&#7875u hi&#7879n c&uacute;m A/H1N1.</span></span></div> </em></div> <div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><strong>C&uacute;m A/H5N1:&nbsp;</strong>Sau 2 n&#259m v&#7855ng b&oacute;ng, c&uacute;m A/H5N1 &#273&atilde; xu&#7845t hi&#7879n tr&#7903 l&#7841i v&agrave; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh t&acirc;m &#273i&#7875m ch&uacute; &yacute; c&#7911a ng&agrave;nh y t&#7871 v&igrave; t&iacute;nh &#273&#7871n th&#7901i &#273i&#7875m n&agrave;y, m&#7863c d&ugrave; virut c&uacute;m A/H5N1 ch&#432a c&oacute; s&#7921 thay &#273&#7893i &#273&#7897c l&#7921c c&#361ng nh&#432 ch&#432a thay &#273&#7893i &#273&#432&#7901ng truy&#7873n b&#7879nh t&#7915 ng&#432&#7901i sang ng&#432&#7901i nh&#432ng &#273&atilde; c&oacute; 12 t&#7881nh, th&agrave;nh tr&ecirc;n c&#7843 n&#432&#7899c c&oacute; d&#7883ch c&uacute;m gia c&#7847m. &#272&acirc;y l&agrave; ngu&#7891n g&acirc;y b&#7879nh l&#7899n n&#7871u m&#7895i ng&#432&#7901i kh&ocirc;ng bi&#7871t c&aacute;ch t&#7921 ph&ograve;ng b&#7879nh cho b&#7843n th&acirc;n. Th&#7921c t&#7871, t&#7915 &#273&#7847u n&#259m &#273&atilde; ghi nh&#7853n 2 tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p m&#7855c c&uacute;m A/H5N1 do ti&#7871p x&uacute;c, s&#7917 d&#7909ng gia c&#7847m b&#7879nh v&agrave; &#273&#7873u &#273&atilde; t&#7917 vong. C&aacute;c tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p t&#7917 vong &#273&#7873u do ng&#432&#7901i b&#7879nh k&eacute;o d&agrave;i th&#7901i gian &#273&#7871n b&#7879nh vi&#7879n do t&#7921 ch&#7919a &#7903 nh&agrave; ho&#7863c &#273i&#7873u tr&#7883 t&#7841i c&#417 s&#7903 y t&#7871 t&#432 nh&acirc;n.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Bi&#7875u hi&#7879n c&#7911a m&#7855c virut c&uacute;m A/H5N1 l&agrave; s&#7889t, ho, t&#7913c ng&#7921c, suy h&ocirc; h&#7845p n&#7863ng, ng&#432&#7901i b&#7879nh b&#7883 t&#7893n th&#432&#417ng &#273a ph&#7911 t&#7841ng n&#7863ng n&#7873, t&#7927 l&#7879 t&#7917 vong cao. B&#7879nh nh&acirc;n c&uacute;m A/H5N1 th&#432&#7901ng c&oacute; ti&#7871p x&uacute;c v&#7899i gia c&#7847m b&#7879nh nh&#432 l&agrave;m th&#7883t, &#259n gia c&#7847m b&#7879nh, ti&#7871p x&uacute;c v&#7899i m&ocirc;i tr&#432&#7901ng mang m&#7847m b&#7879nh. Cho &#273&#7871n nay, ng&#432&#7901i ta v&#7851n ch&#432a t&igrave;m th&#7845y s&#7921 l&acirc;y nhi&#7877m t&#7915 ng&#432&#7901i sang ng&#432&#7901i nh&#432ng &#273&acirc;y l&agrave; &#273i&#7873u m&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i ta lo ng&#7841i nh&#7845t v&igrave; s&#7921 bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i c&#7911a virut l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 l&#432&#7901ng h&#7871t &#273&#432&#7907c. N&#7871u t&igrave;nh tr&#7841ng l&acirc;y t&#7915 ng&#432&#7901i sang ng&#432&#7901i x&#7843y ra s&#7869 c&oacute; t&#7899i v&agrave;i tri&#7879u ng&#432&#7901i t&#7917 vong v&igrave; c&#259n b&#7879nh n&agrave;y.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><strong>C&uacute;m A/H1N1: </strong>C&uacute;m A/H1N1 do virut c&uacute;m A/H1N1 g&acirc;y ra, b&#7879nh ch&#7911 y&#7871u l&acirc;y qua &#273&#432&#7901ng h&ocirc; h&#7845p t&#7915 ng&#432&#7901i n&agrave;y sang ng&#432&#7901i kh&aacute;c qua ho, h&#7855t h&#417i ho&#7863c qua ti&#7871p x&uacute;c v&#7899i c&aacute;c &#273&#7891 v&#7853t, d&#7909ng c&#7909 c&oacute; d&iacute;nh virut, sau &#273&oacute; &#273&#432a tay l&ecirc;n mi&#7879ng, m&#361i. Th&#7901i k&#7923 &#7911 b&#7879nh th&#432&#7901ng k&eacute;o d&agrave;i 2 - 7 ng&agrave;y, th&#7901i gian l&acirc;y truy&#7873n l&agrave; m&#7897t ng&agrave;y tr&#432&#7899c khi c&oacute; d&#7845u hi&#7879u b&#7879nh v&agrave; k&eacute;o d&agrave;i &#273&#7871n 7 ng&agrave;y sau khi ph&aacute;t b&#7879nh. Bi&#7875u hi&#7879n c&#7911a b&#7879nh gi&#7889ng c&uacute;m m&ugrave;a nh&#432 s&#7889t, &#273au h&#7885ng, ho, s&#7893 m&#361i, &#273au &#273&#7847u, &#273au c&#417, m&#7879t m&#7887i v&agrave; c&oacute; th&#7875 c&oacute; n&ocirc;n ho&#7863c ti&ecirc;u ch&#7843y k&egrave;m theo.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><strong>C&uacute;m A/H3N2: </strong>&#7902 Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&atilde; ph&aacute;t hi&#7879n v&agrave; &#273i&#7873u tr&#7883 kh&#7887i cho m&#7897t tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n m&#7855c c&uacute;m A/H3N2 c&oacute; ngu&#7891n g&#7889c t&#7915 l&#7907n. &#272&acirc;y l&agrave; m&#7897t b&eacute; g&aacute;i 2 tu&#7893i &#7903 C&#7847n &#272&#432&#7899c, Long An. Khi b&#7883 nhi&#7877m virut c&uacute;m A/H3N2, ng&#432&#7901i b&#7879nh c&oacute; bi&#7875u hi&#7879n ho, s&#7889t cao, vi&ecirc;m &#273&#432&#7901ng h&ocirc; h&#7845p, &#273au nh&#7913c to&agrave;n th&acirc;n&hellip; &#272i&#7873u tra d&#7883ch t&#7877 cho th&#7845y, trong m&#7897t s&#7889 gia &#273&igrave;nh c&oacute; nhi&#7873u ng&#432&#7901i c&ugrave;ng m&#7855c b&#7879nh. N&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; bi&#7879n ph&aacute;p ph&ograve;ng ng&#7915a hi&#7879u qu&#7843, d&#7883ch s&#7869 lan r&#7897ng v&agrave; kh&oacute; ki&#7875m so&aacute;t. &#272i&#7873u lo ng&#7841i l&agrave; c&uacute;m A/H3N2 c&#361ng c&oacute; th&#7875 nguy hi&#7875m nh&#432 c&uacute;m &#273&#7841i d&#7883ch v&igrave; c&oacute; kh&#7843 n&#259ng g&acirc;y bi&#7871n ch&#7913ng vi&ecirc;m ph&#7893i, d&#7851n &#273&#7871n t&#7917 vong. Do &#273&oacute;, m&#7897t s&#7889 ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; s&#7913c &#273&#7873 kh&aacute;ng k&eacute;m nh&#432 ph&#7909 n&#7919 c&oacute; thai, ng&#432&#7901i gi&agrave;, tr&#7867 nh&#7887, ng&#432&#7901i m&#7855c b&#7879nh tim, ph&#7893i m&#7841n t&iacute;nh, m&#7855c b&#7879nh suy gi&#7843m mi&#7877n d&#7883ch&hellip; c&#7847n ph&#7843i &#273&#432&#7907c ch&#7849n &#273o&aacute;n s&#7899m, &#273i&#7873u tr&#7883 s&#7899m nh&#7857m tr&aacute;nh nh&#7919ng bi&#7871n ch&#7913ng &#273&aacute;ng ti&#7871c.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">&#272i&#7873u tr&#7883 c&uacute;m nh&#432 th&#7871 n&agrave;o?</span></span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">&#272&#7889i v&#7899i c&aacute;c lo&#7841i virut g&acirc;y vi&ecirc;m &#273&#432&#7901ng h&ocirc; h&#7845p th&ocirc;ng th&#432&#7901ng, ch&#7881 c&#7847n v&#7879 sinh s&#7841ch s&#7869, u&#7889ng &#273&#7911 n&#432&#7899c, &#259n c&aacute;c th&#7913c &#259n nh&#7865, d&#7877 ti&ecirc;u h&oacute;a v&agrave; s&#7917 d&#7909ng m&#7897t s&#7889 lo&#7841i kh&aacute;ng sinh ch&#7889ng b&#7897i nhi&#7877m. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, c&#361ng c&#7847n h&#7871t s&#7913c c&#7843nh gi&aacute;c v&#7899i nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; s&#7913c &#273&#7873 kh&aacute;ng y&#7871u, c&oacute; b&#7879nh m&#7841n t&iacute;nh. Hi&#7879n nay, ng&#432&#7901i ta &#273&atilde; &#273&#432a ra &#273&#432&#7907c ph&aacute;c &#273&#7891 &#273i&#7873u tr&#7883 cho b&#7879nh nh&acirc;n c&uacute;m A/H5N1. Thu&#7889c &#273&#432&#7907c d&ugrave;ng ch&#7911 y&#7871u cho b&#7879nh nh&acirc;n c&uacute;m A/H5N1 l&agrave; tamiflu, m&#7897t lo&#7841i thu&#7889c c&oacute; t&iacute;nh &#7913c ch&#7871 s&#7921 s&#7843n sinh c&#7911a virut n&agrave;y &#273&#7889i v&#7899i c&#417 th&#7875. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, tamiflu ch&#7881 c&oacute; t&aacute;c d&#7909ng trong v&ograve;ng 48 gi&#7901 t&iacute;nh t&#7915 khi c&oacute; d&#7845u hi&#7879u kh&#7903i ph&aacute;t b&#7879nh.&nbsp;</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><strong><br type="_moz" /> </strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong>*</strong><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><strong> Ph&ograve;ng b&#7879nh c&uacute;m hi&#7879u qu&#7843</strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Hi&#7879n nay, c&aacute;c b&#7879nh c&uacute;m th&ocirc;ng th&#432&#7901ng &#273&atilde; c&oacute; vaccin, ri&ecirc;ng &#273&#7889i v&#7899i c&uacute;m A/H5N1 th&igrave; vaccin cho c&#259n b&#7879nh n&agrave;y l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#417n gi&#7843n. R&#7845t nhi&#7873u qu&#7889c gia trong &#273&oacute; c&oacute; Vi&#7879t Nam &#273ang n&#7895 l&#7921c t&igrave;m ra m&#7897t lo&#7841i vaccin h&#7919u hi&#7879u nh&#7845t &#273&#7875 ph&ograve;ng b&#7879nh. Qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh l&agrave;m ra vaccin th&#7921c s&#7921 kh&oacute; kh&#259n, trong khi &#273&oacute;, kh&ocirc;ng ai l&#432&#7901ng h&#7871t &#273&#432&#7907c kh&#7843 n&#259ng bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i c&#7911a virut n&agrave;y, h&#417n th&#7871 n&#7919a gi&aacute; th&agrave;nh r&#7845t &#273&#7855t, kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i ai c&#361ng c&oacute; th&#7875 chi ph&iacute; &#273&#432&#7907c. Nh&#432ng &#273&acirc;y l&agrave; c&#259n b&#7879nh c&oacute; th&#7875 ph&ograve;ng tr&aacute;nh n&#7871u th&#7921c hi&#7879n nghi&ecirc;m ng&#7863t c&aacute;c y&ecirc;u c&#7847u m&agrave; ng&agrave;nh y t&#7871 &#273&#432a ra: kh&ocirc;ng ti&#7871p x&uacute;c, kh&ocirc;ng gi&#7871t m&#7893, kh&ocirc;ng &#259n th&#7883t gia c&#7847m b&#7879nh, b&#7843o v&#7879 tuy&#7879t &#273&#7889i &#273&#432&#7901ng h&ocirc; h&#7845p, r&#7917a tay th&#432&#7901ng xuy&ecirc;n v&#7899i x&agrave; ph&ograve;ng, &#272&#7889i v&#7899i c&aacute;c &#7893 d&#7883ch, c&#7847n c&oacute; bi&#7879n ph&aacute;p khoanh v&ugrave;ng, d&#7853p d&#7883ch, c&#7855t &#273&#7913t ngu&#7891n l&acirc;y nhi&#7877m. N&#7871u b&#7845t k&#7923 ai c&oacute; nh&#7919ng d&#7845u hi&#7879u c&#7911a b&#7879nh, c&oacute; ti&#7873n s&#7917 ti&#7871p x&uacute;c v&#7899i gia c&#7847m b&#7883 b&#7879nh c&#7847n nhanh ch&oacute;ng &#273&#7871n c&#417 s&#7903 y t&#7871 &#273&#7875 &#273&#432&#7907c x&eacute;t nghi&#7879m v&agrave; &#273i&#7873u tr&#7883 k&#7883p th&#7901i.</span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "> <div style="text-align: right; "><strong>BS. Ph&#7841m V&#259n Qu&#7871</strong></div> <div style="text-align: right; "><em>Theo S&#7913c kh&#7887e v&agrave; &#272&#7901i s&#7889ng</em></div> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">&nbsp;</span></span></div> </meta> </div> </html>

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