Ngăn chặn những sai lệch chuẩn và giá trị xã hội trong lối sống của thanh thiếu niên

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gi&aacute; tr&#7883 x&atilde; h&#7897i trong l&#7889i s&#7889ng c&#7911a thanh thi&#7871u <span id="ctl01_chCenterLeft_ctl03_lblTime">ni&ecirc;n</span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align: center;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p> <table cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="left" width="1" style="width: 0.75pt;" class="MsoNormalTable"> <tbody> <tr style=""> <td style="padding: 2.25pt;"> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter" /> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0" /> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0" /> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1" /> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2" /> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth" /> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight" /> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1" /> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2" /> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth" /> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0" /> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight" /> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0" /> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" /> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t" /> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="ctl01_chCenterLeft_ctl03_imgAvatar" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left; margin-left:-90pt;margin-top:-104.05pt;width:187.5pt;height:140.25pt; z-index:1;mso-wrap-distance-left:0;mso-wrap-distance-top:0; mso-wrap-distance-right:0;mso-wrap-distance-bottom:0; mso-position-horizontal:absolute;mso-position-horizontal-relative:text; mso-position-vertical:absolute;mso-position-vertical-relative:line' o:allowoverlap="f"> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg" o:title="Story" /> <w:wrap type="square" /> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span></span><o:p></o:p><img height="187" width="250" alt="" src="test.jpg" /></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="padding: 1.5pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span id="ctl01_chCenterLeft_ctl03_lblAvatarDesc"> </span></span></span><span id="ctl01_chCenterLeft_ctl03_lblAvatarDesc"> <p style="text-align: center;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);"><span class="text"><i>Tu&#7893i tr&#7867 Tr&#432&#7901ng sa</i></span></span></span></span>&nbsp;</p> </span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><b><span id="ctl01_chTopZoneStory_ctl01_lblTeaser">Nh&#7919ng c&#7843nh b&aacute;o t&#7915 cu&#7889i th&#7871 k&#7927 19 c&#7911a nh&agrave; x&atilde; h&#7897i h&#7885c ph&aacute;p E. Durkheim v&#7873 nh&#7919ng hi&#7879n t&#432&#7907ng b&#7879nh ho&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i, v&#7873 nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch ch&#7913c n&#259ng, sai l&#7879ch v&#7873 &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c, chu&#7849n m&#7921c v&agrave; gi&aacute; tr&#7883 - c&aacute;i m&agrave; &ocirc;ng g&#7885i chung l&agrave; &ldquo;anomie&rdquo; &#7845y, kh&ocirc;ng ng&#7901 ng&agrave;y nay &#273&atilde; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh m&#7897t v&#7845n &#273&#7873 g&acirc;y lo ng&#7841i &#273&#7889i v&#7899i to&agrave;n nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i.</span></b><br /> <br /> <span id="ctl01_chTopZoneStory_ctl01_lblBody">Ng&agrave;y nay, s&#7921 nhi&#7877u lo&#7841n c&#7911a h&#7879 gi&aacute; tr&#7883, s&#7921 bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i c&#7911a nhi&#7873u chu&#7849n m&#7921c x&atilde; h&#7897i &#273ang khi&#7871n cho nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i b&agrave;ng ho&agrave;ng, lo &acirc;u, b&#7845t &#7893n. B&#7845t ch&#7845p c&aacute;c gi&aacute; tr&#7883 v&agrave; chu&#7849n m&#7921c v&#7873 ch&#7911 ngh&#297a nh&acirc;n &#273&#7841o truy&#7873n th&#7889ng, ng&#432&#7901i ta c&oacute; th&#7875 ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh nhi&#7873u t&#7897i &aacute;c m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&#7843m th&#7845y l&#432&#417ng t&acirc;m c&#7855n d&#7913t, k&#7867 kh&#7911ng b&#7889 v&agrave; gi&#7871t ng&#432&#7901i h&agrave;ng lo&#7841t, &#7903 m&#7897t n&#417i n&agrave;o &#273&oacute;, c&oacute; th&#7875 &#273&#432&#7907c nh&igrave;n nh&#7853n nh&#432 nh&#7919ng &ldquo;anh h&ugrave;ng&rdquo;, l&#7841m d&#7909ng t&igrave;nh d&#7909c v&#7899i tr&#7867 em c&oacute; th&#7875 &#273&#432&#7907c coi nh&#432 l&agrave; m&#7897t &ldquo;th&uacute; vui&rdquo;, k&#7867 ph&#7841m t&#7897i kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 hi&#7875u &#273&#432&#7907c r&#7857ng m&igrave;nh &#273ang l&agrave;m nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7873u sai tr&aacute;i... </span></span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span id="ctl01_chTopZoneStory_ctl01_lblBody"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">C&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch chu&#7849n m&#7921c x&atilde; h&#7897i tr&ecirc;n ph&#7841m vi to&agrave;n c&#7847u, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t trong nh&oacute;m thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n, tr&ecirc;n th&#7921c t&#7871, &#273&atilde; &#273&#7863t c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885c v&agrave;o t&acirc;m th&#7871 c&#7911a nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i b&#7883 &#273&#7897ng. N&oacute; &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i t&#7915 c&aacute;c nh&agrave; khoa h&#7885c kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 c&oacute; &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng gi&#7843i ph&aacute;p thi&#7871t th&#7921c &#273&#7889i v&#7899i t&#7915ng hi&#7879n t&#432&#7907ng, khu v&#7921c c&#7909 th&#7875 m&agrave; c&ograve;n r&#7897ng l&#7899n h&#417n, c&#7855t ngh&#297a &#273&#432&#7907c to&agrave;n b&#7897 v&#7845n &#273&#7873 sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i m&#7897t c&aacute;ch t&#7893ng qu&aacute;t v&agrave; to&agrave;n di&#7879n. Thi&#7871u m&#7897t s&#7921 ti&#7871p c&#7853n &#273&#7847y &#273&#7911 v&#7873 l&yacute; thuy&#7871t, ch&uacute;ng ta kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 kh&ocirc;ng l&uacute;ng t&uacute;ng tr&#432&#7899c r&#7845t nhi&#7873u v&#7845n &#273&#7873 ph&#7843i x&#7917 l&yacute; trong th&#7921c ti&#7877n. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">R&#7845t ti&#7871c, trong s&aacute;ch v&#7903 khoa h&#7885c &#7903 n&#432&#7899c ta, s&#7921 quan t&acirc;m &#273&#7871n nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 t&#7893ng qu&aacute;t, l&yacute; thuy&#7871t v&#7873 chu&#7849n m&#7921c x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; sai l&#7879ch c&aacute;c chu&#7849n m&#7921c x&atilde; h&#7897i v&#7851n c&ograve;n ch&#432a th&#7853t &#273&#7847y &#273&#7911, to&agrave;n di&#7879n v&agrave; s&acirc;u s&#7855c. Trong b&agrave;i vi&#7871t n&agrave;y, ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i m&#7841nh d&#7841n n&ecirc;u l&#7841i m&#7897t s&#7889 v&#7845n &#273&#7873 l&yacute; lu&#7853n c&oacute; li&ecirc;n quan t&#7899i ch&#7911 &#273&#7873 v&#7873 nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i trong thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n, v&#7899i hy v&#7885ng n&oacute; s&#7869 g&#7907i &yacute; cho nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i quan t&acirc;m &#273i s&acirc;u h&#417n v&agrave;o v&#7845n &#273&#7873 n&agrave;y. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1. Nh&#7919ng c&#259n b&#7879nh x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7911a c&#417 ch&#7871 th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng. </span></span></strong>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n nghi ng&#7901 g&igrave; n&#7919a, h&#7879 lu&#7925 c&#7911a c&#417 ch&#7871 th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng &#273&atilde; k&eacute;o theo nh&#7919ng s&#7921 &ldquo;sai l&#7879ch c&aacute;c chu&#7849n m&#7921c v&agrave; gi&aacute; tr&#7883 x&atilde; h&#7897i&rdquo; m&agrave; ch&uacute;ng ta th&#432&#7901ng g&#7885i m&#7897t c&aacute;ch n&ocirc;m na l&agrave; nh&#7919ng &ldquo;t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i&rdquo; </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Trong x&atilde; h&#7897i h&#7885c ph&#432&#417ng T&acirc;y, nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u nh&#7857m kh&#7855c ph&#7909c c&aacute;c t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; hi&#7879n t&#432&#7907ng sai l&#7879ch c&aacute;c chu&#7849n m&#7921c x&atilde; h&#7897i &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c coi l&agrave; m&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng &#273&#7873 t&agrave;i quan tr&#7885ng h&agrave;ng &#273&#7847u. M&#7863c d&ugrave; c&ograve;n nhi&#7873u lu&#7853n &#273i&#7875m ch&#432a &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7889ng nh&#7845t nh&#432ng nh&igrave;n chung, v&#7873 m&#7863t l&yacute; thuy&#7871t c&aacute;c nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u &#273&#7873u &#273i s&acirc;u theo xu h&#432&#7899ng l&agrave; c&#7889 g&#7855ng l&#7853p m&#7897t l&#432&#7907c &#273&#7891 t&#7893ng qu&aacute;t v&#7873 nh&#7919ng s&#7921 t&#432&#417ng h&#7895 c&#417 b&#7843n c&#7911a c&aacute;c m&#7889i quan h&#7879 x&atilde; h&#7897i, tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 &#273&oacute; x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh v&#7883 tr&iacute; v&agrave; &#7843nh h&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i trong t&#432&#417ng quan chung. Xu h&#432&#7899ng n&agrave;y cho ph&eacute;p ng&#432&#7901i nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u c&oacute; &#273&#432&#7907c m&#7897t s&#7921 nh&#7853n th&#7913c t&#7893ng h&#7907p, t&igrave;m th&#7845y nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7875m ch&#7889t c&#259n b&#7843n &#273&#7875 ng&#259n ch&#7863n v&agrave; x&#7917 l&yacute; tr&ecirc;n ph&#7841m vi r&#7897ng v&agrave; bao qu&aacute;t c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i, t&#7915 nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n xu&#7845t hi&#7879n &#273&#7871n qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n v&agrave; l&acirc;y lan c&#7911a n&oacute; trong x&atilde; h&#7897i. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&#272&aacute;ng ch&uacute; &yacute; l&agrave; c&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u sau n&agrave;y c&#7911a nh&agrave; x&atilde; h&#7897i h&#7885c ng&#432&#7901i M&#7929 R. Merton. Theo &ocirc;ng, s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i l&agrave; bi&#7875u hi&#7879n c&oacute; th&#7875 th&#7845y &#273&#432&#7907c c&#7911a m&#7897t x&atilde; h&#7897i b&#7879nh ho&#7841n (anomie) t&#7915 b&ecirc;n trong. B&#7903i v&#7853y v&#7845n &#273&#7873 kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&agrave; s&#7921 t&igrave;m hi&#7875u v&agrave; ch&#7841y ch&#7919a c&aacute;c bi&#7875u hi&#7879n b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i m&agrave; ph&#7843i kh&aacute;m x&eacute;t v&agrave; ph&aacute;t hi&#7879n nh&#7919ng g&#7889c r&#7877 &#7849n d&#7845u b&ecirc;n trong c&#7911a n&oacute;. V&#7889n l&agrave; m&#7897t ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#7863t n&#7873n m&oacute;ng cho ph&#432&#417ng ph&aacute;p ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch c&#7845u tr&uacute;c - ch&#7913c n&#259ng, Merton lu&ocirc;n &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i s&#7921 &#273&#7883nh v&#7883 ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c v&#7883 tr&iacute; c&#7911a v&#7845n &#273&#7873 nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u trong to&agrave;n b&#7897 t&#7893ng th&#7875. Trong t&aacute;c ph&#7849m nhan &#273&#7873 &ldquo;C&#7845u tr&uacute;c x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i&rdquo; &ocirc;ng cho r&#7857ng &#273&#7875 t&igrave;m hi&#7875u b&#7843n ch&#7845t c&#7911a nh&#7919ng s&#7921 b&#7879nh ho&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i, c&#7847n ph&#7843i ph&acirc;n &#273&#7883nh r&otilde; &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng chi&#7873u t&aacute;c &#273&#7897ng l&#7851n nhau gi&#7919a ba khu v&#7921c h&#7871t s&#7913c c&#417 b&#7843n: th&#7913 nh&#7845t l&agrave; c&#417 s&#7903 kinh t&#7871 c&#7911a x&atilde; h&#7897i, th&#7913 hai l&agrave; h&#7879 gi&aacute; tr&#7883 v&agrave; chu&#7849n m&#7921c x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; th&#7913 ba l&agrave; ch&iacute;nh nh&#7919ng c&#259n b&#7879nh x&atilde; h&#7897i. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&#7902 n&#432&#7899c ta, s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a n&#7873n kinh t&#7871 h&agrave;ng ho&aacute; m&#7899i &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7921c hi&#7879n ch&#432a l&acirc;u nh&#432ng nhi&#7873u t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i &#273&atilde; n&#7843y sinh v&agrave; lan r&#7897ng t&#7899i m&#7913c ch&oacute;ng m&#7863t. Vi&#7879c ch&#432a &#273&#432&#7907c chu&#7849n b&#7883 m&#7897t c&aacute;ch k&#7929 c&agrave;ng v&#7873 m&#7863t x&atilde; h&#7897i so v&#7899i m&#7863t kinh t&#7871 trong vi&#7879c chuy&#7875n t&#7915 c&#417 ch&#7871 qu&#7843n l&yacute; k&#7871 ho&#7841ch ho&aacute; t&#7853p trung sang c&#417 ch&#7871 th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng &#273&atilde; khi&#7871n cho vi&#7879c l&yacute; gi&#7843i v&agrave; ch&#7919a ch&#7841y c&aacute;c t&#7853t b&#7879nh x&atilde; h&#7897i c&ograve;n c&oacute; ph&#7847n l&uacute;ng t&uacute;ng. C&#417 ch&#7871 th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng &#273ang l&agrave;m thay &#273&#7893i m&#7841nh m&#7869 h&#7879 gi&aacute; tr&#7883 v&agrave; c&aacute;c chu&#7849n m&#7921c &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c truy&#7873n th&#7889ng. Nh&#7919ng quan &#273i&#7875m s&#7889ng g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i s&#7921 c&#7841nh tranh l&#7907i nhu&#7853n nh&#432 ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&aacute; nh&acirc;n, ch&#7911 ngh&#297a th&#7921c d&#7909ng, c&aacute;c m&#7889i quan h&#7879 &ldquo;ti&#7873n trao ch&aacute;o m&uacute;c&rdquo; kh&ocirc;ng nh&#7919ng ch&#432a b&#7883 l&ecirc;n &aacute;n m&#7841nh m&#7869 m&agrave; c&ograve;n l&#7845n &aacute;t c&aacute;c chu&#7849n m&#7921c t&#7889t &#273&#7865p. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">T&#7845t c&#7843 nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7873u &#273&oacute; &#273ang &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i m&#7897t s&#7921 &#273&#7893i m&#7899i v&agrave; chuy&#7875n h&#432&#7899ng m&#7841nh m&#7869 trong nh&#7853n th&#7913c v&agrave; h&agrave;nh &#273&#7897ng &#273&#7875 ph&ugrave; h&#7907p v&#7899i vi&#7879c ng&#259n ch&#7863n v&agrave; kh&#7855c ph&#7909c c&aacute;c t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i trong nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n m&#7899i c&#7911a c&#417 ch&#7871 th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">2 L&#432&#7907c &#273&#7891 c&#417 c&#7845u c&aacute;c h&agrave;nh vi sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i. </span></span></strong>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">T&iacute;nh ph&#7913c t&#7841p c&#7911a vi&#7879c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 &#7903 ch&#7895 ph&#7843i l&agrave;m sao x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh &#273&#432&#7907c ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c v&agrave; &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n v&#7883 tr&iacute; v&agrave; nh&#7919ng t&aacute;c &#273&#7897ng t&#432&#417ng h&#7895 c&#7911a c&aacute;c t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i v&#7899i t&#7893ng th&#7875 x&atilde; h&#7897i, m&agrave; c&ograve;n l&agrave; &#273i s&acirc;u v&agrave;o ch&iacute;nh n&#7897i h&agrave;m c&#7911a c&aacute;c t&#7879 n&#7841n n&agrave;y. N&oacute;i m&#7897t c&aacute;ch c&#7909 th&#7875 l&agrave; c&#7847n ph&#7843i v&#7841ch r&otilde; &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng m&#7889i quan h&#7879 n&#7897i sinh, nh&#7919ng th&agrave;nh ph&#7847n k&#7871t c&#7845u c&#417 b&#7843n t&#7841o n&ecirc;n c&aacute;c h&agrave;nh vi sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i. Ch&#7859ng h&#7841n khi ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch h&agrave;nh &#273&#7897ng ph&#7841m t&#7897i c&#7911a m&#7897t nh&oacute;m x&atilde; h&#7897i, ch&uacute;ng ta kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 kh&ocirc;ng xem x&eacute;t c&aacute;c m&#7889i quan h&#7879 t&#432&#417ng h&#7895 trong ch&iacute;nh b&#259ng nh&oacute;m, t&#7913c l&agrave; qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh c&#7911a nh&oacute;m, v&#7883 tr&iacute; ch&#7913c n&#259ng m&#7895i th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n, vai tr&ograve; c&#7911a nh&#7919ng k&#7867 c&#7847m &#273&#7847u, nh&#7919ng cung c&aacute;ch ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng v&agrave; ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c &#259n chia v.v&hellip; T&#7913c l&agrave;, v&#7873 ph&#432&#417ng di&#7879n n&agrave;y, ch&uacute;ng ta c&#361ng ph&#7843i t&igrave;m hi&#7875u b&#7843n ch&#7845t c&#7911a c&aacute;c h&agrave;nh vi sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i trong t&iacute;nh &#273&#7897c l&#7853p t&#432&#417ng &#273&#7889i c&#7911a n&oacute; v&#7899i t&#7893ng th&#7875 x&atilde; h&#7897i. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Vi&#7879c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u v&agrave; ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch l&#432&#7907c &#273&#7891 kh&aacute;i qu&aacute;t v&#7873 nh&#7919ng h&agrave;nh vi sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i tr&ecirc;n &#273&acirc;y cho ph&eacute;p ch&uacute;ng ta &#273i s&acirc;u v&agrave;o c&aacute;c l&#297nh v&#7921c c&#7909 th&#7875 c&#7911a sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng l&#7841c m&#7845t ph&#432&#417ng h&#432&#7899ng. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ch&#7859ng h&#7841n, hi&#7879n t&#432&#7907ng tham nh&#361ng c&oacute; th&#7875 &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7863t trong c&#7845u tr&uacute;c c&#7911a nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch kinh t&#7871, c&#361ng c&oacute; th&#7875 l&agrave; nh&#7919ng tham nh&#361ng c&aacute; nh&acirc;n &#273&#417n l&#7867, c&#361ng c&oacute; th&#7875 &#273&#432&#7907c t&#7893 ch&#7913c theo b&#259ng nh&oacute;m ho&#7863c li&ecirc;n k&#7871t r&#7897ng r&atilde;i h&#417n trong thi&#7871t ch&#7871 kinh t&#7871. X&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh &#273&#432&#7907c ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c v&#7883 tr&iacute; t&#7891n t&#7841i v&agrave; ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a hi&#7879n t&#432&#7907ng tham nh&#361ng ch&uacute;ng ta l&#7841i c&oacute; c&#417 s&#7903 &#273&#7875 ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch s&acirc;u s&#7855c c&aacute;c th&agrave;nh ph&#7847n c&#7845u k&#7871t c&#7911a n&oacute;, c&aacute;c quy t&#7855c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng, c&aacute;c ki&#7875u lo&#7841i v&agrave; d&#7841ng th&#7913c bi&#7875u hi&#7879n c&#7909 th&#7875 &#273&#7875 t&#7915 &#273&oacute; t&igrave;m ra nh&#7919ng gi&#7843i ph&aacute;p h&#7907p l&yacute; &#273&#7875 ng&#259n ch&#7863n. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&#7902 &#273&acirc;y, ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th&#7875 nh&igrave;n th&#7845y kh&#7843 n&#259ng t&aacute;i sinh s&#7843n c&#7911a c&aacute;c t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i t&#7915 nh&#7919ng y&#7871u t&#7889 n&#7897i sinh c&#7911a n&oacute;. N&oacute;i m&#7897t c&aacute;ch c&#7909 th&#7875 l&agrave; b&#7843n th&acirc;n s&#7921 t&#7891n t&#7841i c&#7911a m&#7897t t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i n&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875 tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n xu&#7845t hi&#7879n c&#7911a m&#7897t t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i kh&aacute;c. V&agrave; tr&ecirc;n th&#7921c t&#7871, s&#7921 gia t&#259ng c&aacute;c t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i do k&#7871t qu&#7843 c&#7911a s&#7921 hi&#7879u &#7913ng &#273&ocirc;-mi-n&ocirc; gi&#7919a ch&uacute;ng c&#361ng m&#7841nh m&#7869 kh&ocirc;ng k&eacute;m g&igrave; nh&#7919ng t&aacute;c &#273&#7897ng tr&#7921c ti&#7871p t&#7915 c&#417 s&#7903 kinh t&#7871-x&atilde; h&#7897i. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">T&#7915 nh&#7919ng ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch tr&ecirc;n, c&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i r&#7857ng nh&#7919ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch c&oacute; t&iacute;nh kh&#7843 thi &#273&#7889i v&#7899i vi&#7879c ph&ograve;ng ng&#7915a v&agrave; thanh to&aacute;n c&aacute;c t&#7853t b&#7879nh x&atilde; h&#7897i kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7863t ra m&#7897t c&aacute;ch ch&#7911 quan phi&#7871n di&#7879n v&agrave; duy &yacute; ch&iacute;. N&oacute; ph&#7909 thu&#7897c r&#7845t nhi&#7873u v&agrave;o vi&#7879c nh&#7853n di&#7879n &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n nh&#7919ng t&#7853t b&#7879nh n&agrave;y. B&#7903i v&#7853y, l&#432&#7907c &#273&#7891 kh&aacute;i qu&aacute;t v&#7873 sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; v&#7873 m&#7889i quan h&#7879 gi&#7919a sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i v&#7899i t&#7893ng th&#7875 x&atilde; h&#7897i l&agrave; c&#417 s&#7903 &#273&#7875 x&aacute;c l&#7853p tr&ecirc;n &#273&oacute; m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh c&#7911a nh&#7919ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch x&atilde; h&#7897i t&#432&#417ng &#7913ng. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">3. Ng&#259n ch&#7863n nh&#7919ng h&agrave;nh vi sai l&#7879ch v&#7873 chu&#7849n m&#7921c v&agrave; gi&aacute; tr&#7883 x&atilde; h&#7897i trong thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n</span></span></strong>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i ng&#7851u nhi&ecirc;n m&agrave; c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i l&#7841i th&#432&#7901ng xu&#7845t hi&#7879n &#7903 thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n nhi&#7873u h&#417n &#7903 nh&#7919ng nh&oacute;m x&atilde; h&#7897i kh&aacute;c. M&#7897t s&#7921 khao kh&aacute;t mu&#7889n bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i, mu&#7889n v&#432&#7907t ra ngo&agrave;i nh&#7919ng khu&ocirc;n kh&#7893 c&#7913ng nh&#7855c. M&#7897t s&#7921 thi&#7871u h&#7909t nh&#7919ng kinh nghi&#7879m s&#7889ng, k&egrave;m theo nh&#7919ng b&#7891ng b&#7897t c&#7911a tu&#7893i tr&#7867. T&#7845t c&#7843 t&#7841o th&agrave;nh nh&#7919ng m&#7863t t&acirc;m l&yacute; &#273&#7863c th&ugrave; khi&#7871n tu&#7893i tr&#7867 v&agrave; s&#7921 sai l&#7879ch, c&aacute;i t&iacute;ch c&#7921c v&agrave; c&aacute;i ti&ecirc;u c&#7921c lu&ocirc;n k&#7873 c&#7853n b&ecirc;n nhau, &#273an xen v&agrave;o nhau trong cu&#7897c s&#7889ng &#273&#7901i th&#432&#7901ng c&#7911a thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n, l&agrave;m cho nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i l&#7899n tu&#7893i lu&ocirc;n ph&#7843i nh&igrave;n nh&#7853n h&#7885 v&#7899i c&#7863p m&#7855t &ldquo;khi gi&#7853n, khi th&#432&#417ng&rdquo; l&agrave; v&igrave; v&#7853y. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n d&#7877 ph&#7841m v&agrave;o nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#361ng g&#7847n gi&#7889ng v&#7899i tr&#7841ng th&aacute;i h&#432ng ph&#7845n khi h&#7885 lao v&agrave;o v&#7899i nh&#7919ng m&#7863t t&iacute;ch c&#7921c c&#7911a x&atilde; h&#7897i. Ch&#7881 c&oacute; &#273i&#7873u, c&#361ng v&#7899i b&#7843n ch&#7845t &#273&#7863c th&ugrave; c&#7911a t&acirc;m l&yacute; thanh ni&ecirc;n, h&#7885 th&#432&#7901ng kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i l&agrave; nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&#7889 ch&#7845p, kh&ocirc;ng b&#7843o th&#7911 v&agrave; v&igrave; v&#7853y m&agrave; c&#361ng d&#7877 t&#7915 b&#7887 nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch &#273&#7875 v&#432&#417n t&#7899i nh&#7919ng c&aacute;i &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n, v&#7899i l&#7869 ph&#7843i, khi h&#7885 c&oacute; &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n v&agrave; &#273&#432&#7907c gi&aacute;o d&#7909c &#273&#7875 nh&#7853n th&#7913c &#273&#432&#7907c &#273i&#7873u &#273&oacute;. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7911a thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#432&#7907c &#273i&#7873u ch&#7881nh k&#7883p th&#7901i c&#361ng c&oacute; th&#7875 l&agrave; th&#7843m k&#7883ch &#273&#7889i v&#7899i m&#7897t x&atilde; h&#7897i &#273ang ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, khi n&oacute; g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i b&#7843n ch&#7845t c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng trong &#273&#7901i s&#7889ng sinh ho&#7841t v&agrave; giao ti&#7871p c&#7911a thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n. Nh&#7919ng hi&#7879n t&#432&#7907ng sai l&#7879ch trong m&#7897t nh&oacute;m nh&#7887 thanh ni&ecirc;n c&oacute; th&#7875 nhanh ch&oacute;ng tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh &#273&#7889m l&#7917a lan m&#7841nh trong nh&#7919ng nh&oacute;m thanh ni&ecirc;n c&oacute; c&ugrave;ng ho&agrave;n c&#7843nh v&agrave; &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n kh&aacute;c. Nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch trong nh&#7853n th&#7913c ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 c&oacute; th&#7875 g&acirc;y m&#7845t &#7893n &#273&#7883nh x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; tr&#7853t t&#7921 tr&#7883 an, d&#7877 b&#7883 c&aacute;c th&#7871 l&#7921c ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 th&ugrave; &#273&#7883ch l&#7915a g&#7841t, l&ocirc;i k&eacute;o. Nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch trong ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng kinh t&#7871, trong s&#7921 &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng gi&aacute; tr&#7883 lao &#273&#7897ng v&agrave; vi&#7879c l&agrave;m, c&oacute; th&#7875 g&acirc;y h&#7853u qu&#7843 nghi&ecirc;m tr&#7885ng &#273&#7889i v&#7899i vi&#7879c ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n ngu&#7891n nh&acirc;n l&#7921c, &#7843nh h&#432&#7903ng t&#7899i kh&#7843 n&#259ng ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng s&aacute;ng t&#7841o c&#7911a x&atilde; h&#7897i. Nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch trong v&#259n ho&aacute;, l&#7889i s&#7889ng c&oacute; th&#7875 g&acirc;y nh&#7919ng nhi&#7877u lo&#7841n trong c&aacute;c gi&aacute; tr&#7883 v&#7873 c&#7843m th&#7909 v&agrave; s&aacute;ng t&#7841o th&#7849m m&#7929, d&#7851n d&#432 lu&#7853n x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave;o nh&#7919ng c&#7843m x&uacute;c kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;nh m&#7841nh, th&#7853m ch&iacute; phi nh&acirc;n b&#7843n. Nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch trong ph&#7841m vi c&aacute;c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng x&atilde; h&#7897i c&oacute; th&#7875 l&agrave; nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n c&#7911a nh&#7919ng sai ph&#7841m v&#7873 ph&aacute;p lu&#7853t, s&#7921 gia t&#259ng c&#7911a t&#7897i &aacute;c, s&#7921 m&#7903 r&#7897ng c&#7911a c&aacute;c t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i, c&#7911a n&#7841n tr&#7897m c&#7855p, ma tu&yacute;, r&#432&#7907u ch&egrave;, c&#7901 b&#7841c, m&atilde;i d&acirc;m... &#272i&#7873u n&agrave;y xu&#7845t ph&aacute;t t&#7915 c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c gi&aacute;o d&#7909c v&#7873 ph&aacute;p lu&#7853t v&agrave; &yacute; th&#7913c ph&aacute;p lu&#7853t trong thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n c&ograve;n ch&#432a cao. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&#7902 n&#432&#7899c ta, d&#432&#7899i t&aacute;c &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a nh&#7919ng m&#7863t tr&aacute;i trong c&#417 ch&#7871 th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng hi&#7879n t&#432&#7907ng sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7911a m&#7897t b&#7897 ph&#7853n thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n &#273&atilde; xu&#7845t hi&#7879n ng&agrave;y m&#7897t tr&#7847m tr&#7885ng. Ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch c&aacute;c s&#7889 li&#7879u th&#7889ng k&ecirc; t&#7915 T&#7893ng c&#7909c c&#7843nh s&aacute;t nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n v&agrave; Vi&#7879n ki&#7875m so&aacute;t nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&aacute;c c&#7845p, ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th&#7875 th&#7845y, c&aacute;c v&#7909 vi ph&#7841m ph&aacute;p lu&#7853t c&#7911a thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n &#273&atilde; t&#259ng l&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n nhi&#7873u ph&#432&#417ng di&#7879n: s&#7889 v&#7909 vi&#7879c vi ph&#7841m ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng nhi&#7873u h&#417n, ph&#7841m vi vi ph&#7841m ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng m&#7903 r&#7897ng h&#417n tr&ecirc;n nhi&#7873u &#273&#7883a b&agrave;n. N&#7871u tr&#432&#7899c &#273&acirc;y c&aacute;c v&#7909 vi&#7879c th&#432&#7901ng t&#7853p trung ch&iacute;nh &#7903 c&aacute;c khu v&#7921c &#273&ocirc; th&#7883, th&agrave;nh ph&#7889, khu d&acirc;n c&#432, c&ocirc;ng nghi&#7879p, khu du l&#7883ch, d&#7883ch v&#7909... th&igrave; nay &#273ang m&#7903 r&#7897ng ra tr&ecirc;n c&#7843 nh&#7919ng v&ugrave;ng n&ocirc;ng th&ocirc;n, v&ugrave;ng xa x&ocirc;i h&#7867o l&aacute;nh. M&#7913c &#273&#7897 tr&#7847m tr&#7885ng c&#7911a t&#7897i &aacute;c c&#361ng ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng t&agrave;n b&#7841o v&agrave; kh&#7889c li&#7879t h&#417n. N&#7871u tr&#432&#7899c &#273&acirc;y c&aacute;c h&agrave;nh vi sai l&#7879ch th&#432&#7901ng ch&#7881 d&#7915ng &#7903 m&#7913c &#273&#7897 tr&#7897m c&#7855p, g&acirc;y r&#7889i tr&#7853t t&#7921 th&igrave; nay &#273&atilde; g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i nh&#7919ng h&agrave;nh vi c&#432&#7899p c&#7911a, gi&#7871t ng&#432&#7901i v&agrave; th&#432&#7901ng &#273&#432&#7907c t&#7893 ch&#7913c quy m&ocirc; h&#417n </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">T&igrave;nh tr&#7841ng thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n m&#7855c v&agrave;o c&aacute;c t&#7879 n&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i nh&#432 ma tu&yacute;, nghi&#7879n h&uacute;t, m&atilde;i d&acirc;m ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng gia t&#259ng. Theo c&aacute;c s&#7889 li&#7879u &#273i&#7873u tra c&#7911a Vi&#7879n nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u thanh ni&ecirc;n th&igrave; trong s&#7889 nh&#7919ng k&#7867 nghi&#7879n ng&#7853p ma tu&yacute;, thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n chi&#7871m t&#7899i tr&ecirc;n 3/4. S&#7921 &ldquo;tr&#7867 ho&aacute;&rdquo; nh&#7919ng k&#7867 nghi&#7879n ng&#7853p ma tu&yacute; &#273ang l&agrave; m&#7897t th&#7921c t&#7871 r&#7845t &#273&aacute;ng lo ng&#7841i. &ldquo;N&#7871u n&#259m 1994 t&#7927 l&#7879 thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n nghi&#7879n ma tu&yacute; m&#7899i ch&#7881 c&oacute; 39,7% th&igrave; nay &#273&atilde; h&#417n 70%. &#272&#7863c bi&#7879t &#7903 &#273&#7883a b&agrave;n tr&#7885ng &#273i&#7875m th&agrave;nh ph&#7889 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh s&#7889 ng&#432&#7901i nghi&#7879n d&#432&#7899i 30 tu&#7893i chi&#7871m 82,4%, trong &#273&oacute; d&#432&#7899i 16 tu&#7893i chi&#7871m 7%&rdquo;(1). Nhi&#7873u con nghi&#7879n v&#7851n c&ograve;n &#273ang &#7903 l&#7913a tu&#7893i h&#7885c tr&ograve;. Ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch c&#417 c&#7845u c&#7911a nh&oacute;m thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n nghi&#7879n ma tu&yacute; ch&uacute;ng ta c&#361ng c&oacute; th&#7875 th&#7845y &#273&#432&#7907c ph&#7847n n&agrave;o di&#7877n bi&#7871n ph&#7913c t&#7841p c&#7911a v&#7845n &#273&#7873 ma tu&yacute;. N&#7871u nh&#432 tr&#432&#7899c &#273&acirc;y, nh&oacute;m thanh ni&ecirc;n nghi&#7879n h&uacute;t th&#432&#7901ng ch&#7881 t&#7853p trung &#7903 m&#7897t s&#7889 &#273&#7889i t&#432&#7907ng l&ecirc;u l&#7893ng, ch&#417i b&#7901i, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ngh&#7873 nghi&#7879p lao &#273&#7897ng ch&iacute;nh th&#7913c, th&igrave; ng&agrave;y nay n&oacute; &#273&#432&#7907c m&#7903 r&#7897ng ra c&#7843 nh&#7919ng &#273&#7889i t&#432&#7907ng &#273&#432&#7907c coi l&agrave; nghi&ecirc;m ch&#7881nh nh&#7845t trong thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n nh&#432 c&aacute;n b&#7897, c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n vi&ecirc;n Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c, sinh vi&ecirc;n &#273&#7841i h&#7885c, con em nh&#7919ng gia &#273&igrave;nh kh&aacute; gi&#7843, con em gia &#273&igrave;nh c&aacute;n b&#7897, th&#7853m ch&iacute; con em c&aacute;n b&#7897 cao c&#7845p. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Ch&uacute;ng ta &#273&atilde; c&oacute; kh&ocirc;ng &iacute;t nh&#7919ng c&ocirc;ng tr&igrave;nh nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch nh&#7919ng kh&iacute;a c&#7841nh x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7911a t&#7879 n&#7841n m&#7841i d&acirc;m. C&oacute; m&#7897t c&aacute;i g&igrave; &#273&oacute; &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c gi&#7843i th&iacute;ch t&#7915 h&#7879 qu&#7843 c&#7911a n&#7873n kinh t&#7871 th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng, t&#7915 s&#7921 m&#7903 c&#7917a h&#432&#7899ng v&#7873 m&#7897t x&atilde; h&#7897i &#273&#432&#7907c g&#7885i l&agrave; x&atilde; h&#7897i ti&ecirc;u th&#7909, m&#7897t c&aacute;i g&igrave; &#273&oacute; l&agrave; s&#7921 bu&ocirc;ng l&#7887ng v&#7873 qu&#7843n l&yacute;, l&agrave; nh&#7919ng y&#7871u t&#7889 c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&acirc;n ho&aacute; gi&agrave;u ngh&egrave;o, c&#7911a c&aacute;c khuy&#7871t t&#7853t x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#432a &#273&#432&#7907c ch&#7841y ch&#7919a k&#7883p th&#7901i, c&#7911a s&#7921 kh&#7911ng ho&#7843ng trong c&aacute;c m&#7889i quan h&#7879 gia &#273&igrave;nh, s&#7921 xu&#7889ng c&#7845p v&#7873 gi&aacute;o d&#7909c t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng&hellip; Nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7873u n&agrave;y l&agrave; ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, ch&uacute;ng ta c&ograve;n ch&#432a ch&uacute; &yacute; &#273&uacute;ng m&#7913c &#273&#7871n m&#7897t &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n quan tr&#7885ng kh&aacute;c n&#7919a, &#273i&#7873u m&agrave; m&#7897t s&#7889 nh&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u &#273&atilde; c&#7843nh b&aacute;o, &#273&oacute; l&agrave; x&atilde; h&#7897i &#273ang c&oacute; nh&#7919ng xu h&#432&#7899ng kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;nh m&#7841nh trong s&#7921 thay &#273&#7893i gi&aacute; tr&#7883, thay &#273&#7893i quan ni&#7879m v&agrave; h&agrave;nh vi &#273&#7889i v&#7899i nhi&#7873u chu&#7849n m&#7921c v&agrave; &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c, trong &#273&oacute; c&oacute; t&#7879 n&#7841n m&#7841i d&acirc;m. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Gi&aacute;o s&#432 Edgar Morin, m&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng h&#7885c gi&#7843 x&atilde; h&#7897i h&#7885c n&#7893i ti&#7871ng nh&#7845t hi&#7879n nay c&#7911a Ph&aacute;p &#273&atilde; g&#7885i c&aacute;c hi&#7879n t&#432&#7907ng sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i nh&#432 l&agrave; m&#7897t th&#7913 &ldquo;bi k&#7883ch c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n&rdquo;. &ocirc;ng cho r&#7857ng x&atilde; h&#7897i c&agrave;ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n nhanh th&igrave; bi k&#7883ch v&#7873 s&#7921 sai l&#7879ch di&#7877n ra ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng nhi&#7873u v&agrave; nhu c&#7847u ph&#7843i gi&#7843i quy&#7871t n&oacute; c&#361ng ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng l&#7899n. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">&Ocirc;ng cho r&#7857ng s&#7921 sai l&#7879ch chu&#7849n m&#7921c v&agrave; gi&aacute; tr&#7883 c&#7911a thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; h&#7879 qu&#7843 t&#7845t y&#7871u c&#7911a nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch th&#432&#7901ng ng&agrave;y trong m&#7897t x&atilde; h&#7897i ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n sai l&#7879ch v&#7873 gi&aacute; tr&#7883 s&#7889ng nh&#432 tr&ecirc;n. B&#7903i v&#7853y, theo &ocirc;ng, trong x&atilde; h&#7897i hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i, khi &ldquo;thanh ni&ecirc;n l&agrave; kh&acirc;u y&#7871u nh&#7845t trong chu&#7895i m&#7855t x&iacute;ch c&#7911a n&#7873n v&#259n minh&rdquo;, th&igrave; ch&uacute;ng ta l&#7841i kh&ocirc;ng hi&#7875u thanh ni&ecirc;n. &ldquo;M&#7895i khi gi&#7899i tr&#7867 n&#7893i lo&#7841n ch&#7889ng x&atilde; h&#7897i, khi h&#7885 lao v&agrave;o nh&#7919ng th&#7913 ma tu&yacute; m&#7841nh ch&uacute;ng ta c&#7913 &#273inh ninh r&#7857ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 ch&#7881 l&agrave; t&#7841i con em m&igrave;nh&rdquo;, ch&uacute;ng ta kh&ocirc;ng hi&#7875u r&#7857ng &#273&oacute; c&ograve;n l&agrave; &ldquo;th&aacute;i &#273&#7897 b&#7845t ph&#7909c &#273&#7889i v&#7899i l&#7889i s&#7889ng kh&ocirc;ng trung th&#7921c v&agrave; ch&acirc;n th&agrave;nh c&#7911a ng&#432&#7901i l&#7899n&rdquo;(2). B&#7903i v&#7853y, vi&#7879c kh&#7855c ph&#7909c c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch v&#7873 chu&#7849n m&#7921c v&agrave; gi&aacute; tr&#7883 c&#7911a thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n c&#7847n ph&#7843i &#273&#432&#7907c b&#7855t &#273&#7847u t&#7915 vi&#7879c kh&#7855c ph&#7909c nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh x&atilde; h&#7897i, kh&#7855c ph&#7909c nh&#7919ng &ldquo;bi k&#7883ch c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n&rdquo;. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">H&#432&#7899ng v&agrave;o m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u kh&#7855c ph&#7909c m&#7897t c&aacute;ch &#273&#7847y &#273&#7911 v&agrave; to&agrave;n di&#7879n c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i, ch&uacute;ng ta c&#7847n ph&#7843i c&oacute; &#273&#432&#7907c m&#7897t quan &#273i&#7875m mang t&iacute;nh h&#7879 th&#7889ng. Theo ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i, c&oacute; ba h&#7879 th&#7889ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch &#7903 t&#7847m r&#7897ng l&#7899n c&#7847n ph&#7843i &#273&#432&#7907c ch&uacute; tr&#7885ng, trong &#273&oacute; m&#7895i h&#7879 th&#7889ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch l&#7841i h&agrave;m ch&#7913a nhi&#7873u ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch v&agrave; gi&#7843i ph&aacute;p &#7903 ph&#7841m vi h&#7865p v&agrave; c&#7909 th&#7875 h&#417n. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Th&#7913 nh&#7845t, h&#7879 th&#7889ng nh&#7919ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch h&#432&#7899ng v&agrave;o c&#417 s&#7903 kinh t&#7871 - x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7911a x&atilde; h&#7897i, t&#7913c l&agrave; nh&#7857m ng&#259n ch&#7863n t&#7853n g&#7889c r&#7877 c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i, lo&#7841i b&#7887 nh&#7919ng nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n l&agrave;m n&#7843y sinh c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch n&agrave;y. &#272i&#7873u &#273&oacute; g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i c&aacute;c gi&#7843i ph&aacute;p nh&#7857m ng&#259n ch&#7863n s&#7921 h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh c&aacute;c gi&aacute; tr&#7883 v&agrave; chu&#7849n m&#7921c x&atilde; h&#7897i sai l&#7879ch g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i nh&#7919ng &ldquo;bi k&#7883ch c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n&rdquo;, nh&#7919ng s&#7921 &ldquo;b&#7879nh ho&#7841n x&atilde; h&#7897i&rdquo; n&#7843y sinh t&#7915 c&aacute;c quan h&#7879 c&#7911a c&#417 ch&#7871 th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng, c&#7911a x&atilde; h&#7897i ti&ecirc;u th&#7909, &#273i&#7873u ch&#7881nh c&aacute;c m&#7889i quan h&#7879 kinh t&#7871, t&#259ng c&#432&#7901ng cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh ch&#7889ng &#273&oacute;i ngh&egrave;o, t&#7841o c&#417 s&#7903 kinh t&#7871 x&atilde; h&#7897i b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng &#273&#7875 m&#7895i ng&#432&#7901i lao &#273&#7897ng c&oacute; &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n l&agrave;m vi&#7879c v&agrave; h&#432&#7903ng th&#7909 h&#7907p l&yacute; nh&#7919ng th&agrave;nh qu&#7843 lao &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a m&igrave;nh, nh&#7919ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch nh&#7857m c&#7911ng c&#7889 c&aacute;c m&#7889i quan h&#7879 x&atilde; h&#7897i, c&#7911ng c&#7889 s&#7921 &#7893n &#273&#7883nh gia &#273&igrave;nh v&agrave; x&atilde; h&#7897i. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Th&#7913 hai, h&#7879 th&#7889ng nh&#7919ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch h&#432&#7899ng v&agrave;o vi&#7879c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng c&aacute;c chu&#7849n m&#7921c x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; s&#7921 &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng gi&aacute; tr&#7883 x&atilde; h&#7897i l&agrave;nh m&#7841nh. C&#7909 th&#7875 l&agrave; c&aacute;c ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch x&atilde; h&#7897i nh&#7857m ph&aacute;t huy v&agrave; k&#7871 th&#7915a c&aacute;c ph&#7849m ch&#7845t &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c truy&#7873n th&#7889ng, ph&aacute;t huy v&agrave; s&aacute;ng t&#7841o nh&#7919ng gi&aacute; tr&#7883 cao &#273&#7865p c&#7911a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i trong l&#7889i s&#7889ng &#273&#7875 x&acirc;y d&#7921ng nh&#7919ng nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c m&#7899i trong m&#7889i quan h&#7879 gi&#7919a con ng&#432&#7901i v&#7899i con ng&#432&#7901i. C&aacute;c ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch nh&#7857m c&#7911ng c&#7889 vai tr&ograve; &#273i&#7873u ch&#7881nh c&#7911a lu&#7853t ph&aacute;p, t&#259ng c&#432&#7901ng c&aacute;c bi&#7879n ph&aacute;p gi&aacute;o d&#7909c t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng n&acirc;ng cao &yacute; th&#7913c t&#7921 gi&aacute;c c&#7911a m&#7885i ng&#432&#7901i, trong &#273&oacute; c&oacute; thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n trong vi&#7879c tu&acirc;n th&#7911 c&aacute;c chu&#7849n m&#7921c m&#7899i, ph&ecirc; ph&aacute;n v&agrave; l&ecirc;n &aacute;n c&aacute;c h&agrave;nh vi sai l&#7879ch. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Th&#7913 ba, nh&#7919ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch h&#432&#7899ng tr&#7921c ti&#7871p v&agrave;o vi&#7879c t&#7845n c&ocirc;ng c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i, x&acirc;y d&#7921ng m&#7897t h&#7879 th&#7889ng t&#7893 ch&#7913c &#273i&#7873u h&agrave;nh v&agrave; qu&#7843n l&yacute; c&oacute; hi&#7879u l&#7921c &#273&#7875 ki&#7875m tra, kh&aacute;m ph&aacute; v&agrave; lo&#7841i tr&#7915 c&aacute;c h&agrave;nh vi ph&#7841m t&#7897i. &#7903 &#273&acirc;y, c&#259n c&#7913 v&agrave;o t&#7915ng lo&#7841i sai l&#7879ch v&agrave; t&#7879 n&#7841n, t&#7915ng &#273&#7889i t&#432&#7907ng c&aacute; nh&acirc;n, b&#259ng nh&oacute;m ho&#7863c nh&#7919ng t&#7893 ch&#7913c c&#7909 th&#7875, ch&uacute;ng ta l&#7841i c&oacute; th&#7875 ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch v&agrave; t&igrave;m ra nh&#7919ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch v&agrave; gi&#7843i ph&aacute;p t&#432&#417ng &#7913ng. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">C&aacute;c ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch nh&#7857m ng&#259n ch&#7863n c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i m&#7863c d&ugrave; c&oacute; th&#7875 &#273&#432&#7907c ban h&agrave;nh d&#432&#7899i nhi&#7873u h&igrave;nh th&#7913c, h&#432&#7899ng v&agrave;o c&aacute;c l&#297nh v&#7921c v&agrave; &#273&#7889i t&#432&#7907ng kh&aacute;c nhau nh&#432ng ch&uacute;ng bao gi&#7901 c&#361ng c&#7847n &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7863t trong m&#7889i quan h&#7879 th&#7889ng nh&#7845t, b&#7893 sung v&agrave; h&#7895 tr&#7907 l&#7851n nhau. </span></span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Tu&#7923 v&agrave;o nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7909 th&#7875 m&agrave; nh&#7919ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch v&agrave; bi&#7879n ph&aacute;p kh&#7855c ph&#7909c c&aacute;c sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i trong t&#7915ng n&#417i v&agrave; t&#7915ng th&#7901i &#273i&#7875m c&oacute; th&#7875 kh&aacute;c nhau nh&#432ng m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u c&#417 b&#7843n c&#7911a n&oacute; d&#432&#7901ng nh&#432 kh&ocirc;ng bao gi&#7901 thay &#273&#7893i. &#272&oacute; l&agrave; s&#7921 &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng v&agrave;o nh&#7919ng b&#7843n ch&#7845t t&#7889t &#273&#7865p c&#7911a con ng&#432&#7901i. Thanh to&aacute;n nh&#7919ng sai l&#7879ch x&atilde; h&#7897i ngay c&#7843 trong nh&#7919ng bi&#7879n ph&aacute;p m&#7841nh m&#7869 nh&#7845t c&#361ng kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i l&agrave; s&#7921 b&agrave;i tr&#7915 con ng&#432&#7901i m&agrave; l&agrave; v&igrave; s&#7921 trong s&aacute;ng c&#7911a con ng&#432&#7901i. &#272i&#7873u &#273&oacute; x&eacute;t &#273&#7871n c&ugrave;ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; s&#7921 ph&#7843n &aacute;nh b&#7843n ch&#7845t t&#7889t &#273&#7865p v&agrave; nh&acirc;n &#273&#7841o c&#7911a m&#7897t ch&#7871 &#273&#7897 x&atilde; h&#7897i./.<br /> &nbsp;<br /> <strong><span id="ctl01_chTopZoneStory_ctl01_lblAuthor">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; . GS.TS &#272&#7863ng C&#7843nh Khanh</span></strong><span id="ctl01_chTopZoneStory_ctl01_lblAuthor"><br /> <br /> </span>1) T&#7893ng quan t&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh thanh ni&ecirc;n v&agrave; phong tr&agrave;o thanh ni&ecirc;n . </span></span><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">T&#432 li&#7879u Vi&#7879n nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u Thanh ni&ecirc;n. T&agrave;i li&#7879u &#273&atilde; d&#7851n. </span></span><o:p></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">(2) Edgar Morin : Tr&aacute;i &#273&#7845t t&#7893 qu&#7889c chung, Tuy&ecirc;n ng&ocirc;n cho thi&ecirc;n ni&ecirc;n k&#7927 m&#7899i, Nxb KHXH, H, 2002, tr.199-200.</span></span></p> <p style="text-align: right;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><em><strong>Theo T&#7841p ch&iacute; Ban Tuy&ecirc;n gi&aacute;o Trung &#432&#417ng</strong></em><br /> </span></span></p> </meta> </meta> </meta> </meta> </div> </html>

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