Vì sao phải tiêm ngừa viêm gan siêu vi B nhiều lần?

<html> <head> <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8'> <title> </title> </head> <div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); ">&nbsp;V&igrave; sao ph&#7843i ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a vi&ecirc;m gan si&ecirc;u vi B nhi&#7873u l&#7847n?</span></strong></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><em><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Anh T.N.V. (qu&#7853n T&acirc;n B&igrave;nh) ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a vi&ecirc;m gan si&ecirc;u vi B (VGSVB), sau m&#361i th&#7913 3, b&aacute;c s&#297 y&ecirc;u c&#7847u sau 2 th&aacute;ng anh quay l&#7841i l&agrave;m x&eacute;t nghi&#7879m th&#7917 kh&aacute;ng th&#7875. K&#7871t qu&#7843 l&agrave; &acirc;m t&iacute;nh, anh &#273&#432&#7907c ch&iacute;ch ng&#7915a th&ecirc;m m&#7897t m&#361i v&agrave; sau m&#7897t n&#259m quay l&#7841i l&agrave;m x&eacute;t nghi&#7879m th&#7917 l&#7841i kh&aacute;ng th&#7875. K&#7871t qu&#7843 kh&aacute;ng th&#7875 v&#7851n ch&#432a &#273&#7911 n&ecirc;n anh &#273&#432&#7907c ch&iacute;ch th&ecirc;m m&#7897t m&#361i n&#7919a. B&aacute;c s&#297 cho bi&#7871t nh&#432 v&#7853y l&agrave; &#273&#7911, t&#7915 5 - 6 n&#259m sau anh s&#7869 ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a l&#7841i. Kh&ocirc;ng ri&ecirc;ng anh V., c&oacute; kh&aacute; nhi&#7873u tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p nh&#432 v&#7853y g&acirc;y nhi&#7873u lo l&#7855ng: ch&iacute;ch nh&#432 v&#7853y c&oacute; qu&aacute; nhi&#7873u kh&ocirc;ng? Li&#7879u &#273&atilde; ng&#7915a &#273&#432&#7907c b&#7879nh ch&#432a?... Ph&oacute;ng vi&ecirc;n B&aacute;o Khoa H&#7885c Ph&#7893 Th&ocirc;ng &#273&atilde; c&oacute; cu&#7897c trao &#273&#7893i th&ecirc;m v&#7873 v&#7845n &#273&#7873 n&agrave;y v&#7899i ThS.BS. Nguy&#7877n Minh Ng&#7885c, Vi&#7879n Pasteur TP.HCM.</span></em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: center; "><img width="301" height="299" alt="" src="viemganb.jpg" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>PV: Th&#432a BS, v&igrave; sao c&#7847n ph&#7843i ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a VGSVB?</em></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">ThS.BS. Nguy&#7877n Minh Ng&#7885c: Nhi&#7873u nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u cho th&#7845y, 20% tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p b&#7883 nhi&#7877m si&ecirc;u vi B m&atilde;n t&iacute;nh s&#7869 ti&#7871n tri&#7875n th&agrave;nh x&#417 gan, c&oacute; &#273&#7871n 2,5% s&#7889 b&#7879nh nh&acirc;n x&#417 gan m&#7895i n&#259m c&oacute; nguy c&#417 b&#7883 ung th&#432 gan v&agrave; 80% b&#7883 ung th&#432 gan l&agrave; c&oacute; nhi&#7877m VGSVB. &#272&acirc;y l&agrave; m&#7897t m&#7889i quan t&acirc;m c&#7911a c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng, v&igrave; khi &#273&atilde; m&#7855c b&#7879nh vi&#7879c &#273i&#7873u tr&#7883 kh&aacute; ph&#7913c t&#7841p, t&#7889n k&eacute;m, n&ecirc;n vi&#7879c ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c nhi&#7873u n&#432&#7899c tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273&#432a v&agrave;o ch&#432&#417ng tr&igrave;nh ti&ecirc;m ch&#7911ng qu&#7889c gia.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Vi&#7879c ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a VGSVB c&#7847n &#432u ti&ecirc;n cho &#273&#7889i t&#432&#7907ng tr&#7867 s&#417 sinh, tr&#7867 em v&agrave; thanh thi&#7871u ni&ecirc;n. V&igrave; tr&#7867 b&#7883 nhi&#7877m &#7903 l&#7913a tu&#7893i s&#417 sinh r&#7845t d&#7877 chuy&#7875n th&agrave;nh m&atilde;n t&iacute;nh v&agrave; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh ngu&#7891n l&acirc;y. V&#7899i ng&#432&#7901i l&#7899n ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n c&oacute; th&#7875 ch&iacute;ch ng&#7915a n&#7871u ch&#432a b&#7883 nhi&#7877m si&ecirc;u vi vi&ecirc;m gan B. Ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a VGSVB &#273&#432&#7907c xem l&agrave; r&#7845t an to&agrave;n v&agrave; ch&#432a c&oacute; m&#7897t ch&#7889ng ch&#7881 &#273&#7883nh n&agrave;o.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>- C&oacute; n&ecirc;n x&eacute;t nghi&#7879m tr&#432&#7899c khi ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a VGSVB?</em></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">- V&#7899i tr&#7867 s&#417 sinh, ti&ecirc;m ch&#7911ng c&agrave;ng s&#7899m c&agrave;ng t&#7889t m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&#7847n x&eacute;t nghi&#7879m. &#272&#7889i v&#7899i tr&#7867 em v&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i l&#7899n c&oacute; kh&#7843 n&#259ng &#273&atilde; b&#7883 nhi&#7877m. Do &#273&oacute;, tr&#432&#7899c khi ch&#7911ng ng&#7915a c&#7847n x&eacute;t nghi&#7879m m&aacute;u xem m&igrave;nh &#273&atilde; b&#7883 nhi&#7877m ch&#432a. X&eacute;t nghi&#7879m t&#7889i thi&#7875u tr&#432&#7899c khi ch&#7911ng ng&#7915a l&agrave; HbsAg (cho bi&#7871t c&oacute; &#273ang nhi&#7877m hay kh&ocirc;ng) v&agrave; antiHbs (cho bi&#7871t c&#417 th&#7875 &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c b&#7843o v&#7879 hay ch&#432a). N&#7871u:</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">HbsAg (-) v&agrave; antiHbs (+) ngh&#297a l&agrave; &#273&atilde; b&#7883 nhi&#7877m nh&#432ng &#273&atilde; kh&#7887i b&#7879nh v&agrave; c&#417 th&#7875 &#273&#7911 s&#7913c t&#7841o ra kh&aacute;ng th&#7875 b&#7843o v&#7879 n&ecirc;n kh&ocirc;ng c&#7847n ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">HbsAg (-) v&agrave; antiHbs (-) l&agrave; hi&#7879n t&#7841i kh&ocirc;ng b&#7883 nhi&#7877m virus vi&ecirc;m gan B v&agrave; ch&#432a c&oacute; kh&aacute;ng th&#7875 b&#7843o v&#7879, n&ecirc;n ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">HbsAg (+) v&agrave; antiHbs (-) l&agrave; c&#417 th&#7875 &#273ang b&#7883 nhi&#7877m virus vi&ecirc;m gan B, tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p n&agrave;y kh&ocirc;ng ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a, t&ugrave;y theo t&igrave;nh tr&#7841ng c&#7909 th&#7875 c&#7911a b&#7879nh nh&acirc;n m&agrave; b&aacute;c s&#297 quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh &#273i&#7873u tr&#7883 hay theo d&otilde;i.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>- L&#7883ch ti&ecirc;m ng&#7915a VGSVB nh&#432 th&#7871 n&agrave;o? &#272&#7889i v&#7899i tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p anh V., v&igrave; sao ph&#7843i ti&ecirc;m nhi&#7873u l&#7847n?</em></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">- Hi&#7879n nay, &#273a s&#7889 c&aacute;c tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p, ng&#432&#7901i ta &aacute;p d&#7909ng l&#7883ch ch&#7911ng ng&#7915a: 0-1-6, c&oacute; ngh&#297a l&agrave; hai m&#361i ti&ecirc;m &#273&#7847u c&aacute;ch nhau m&#7897t th&aacute;ng &#273&#7875 t&#7841o mi&#7877n d&#7883ch c&#417 b&#7843n ban &#273&#7847u, c&ograve;n m&#361i th&#7913 ba ti&ecirc;m nh&#7855c l&#7841i c&aacute;ch 6 th&aacute;ng t&iacute;nh t&#7915 m&#361i &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, m&#7897t s&#7889 tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t c&#7847n k&iacute;ch th&iacute;ch nhanh &#273&aacute;p &#7913ng mi&#7877n d&#7883ch c&#7911a c&#417 th&#7875, nh&#7845t l&agrave; &#7903 tr&#7867 s&#417 sinh c&oacute; m&#7865 b&#7883 nhi&#7877m si&ecirc;u vi B m&atilde;n t&iacute;nh, ng&#432&#7901i ta ti&ecirc;m 4 m&#361i theo l&#7883ch: 0-1-2-12, c&oacute; ngh&#297a l&agrave; 3 m&#361i &#273&#7847u c&aacute;ch nhau 1 th&aacute;ng &#273&#7875 t&#7841o mi&#7877n d&#7883ch c&#417 b&#7843n, c&ograve;n m&#361i th&#7913 t&#432 c&aacute;ch m&#361i &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n 12 th&aacute;ng (m&#361i ti&ecirc;m nh&#7855c l&#7841i). Ngo&agrave;i ra, c&ograve;n ti&ecirc;m theo l&#7883ch 0-7-21, m&#361i ti&ecirc;m th&#7913 hai v&agrave; th&#7913 ba c&aacute;ch m&#361i &#273&#7847u l&agrave; 7 v&agrave; 21 ng&agrave;y; tuy nhi&ecirc;n l&#7883ch n&agrave;y ch&#7881 &aacute;p d&#7909ng cho nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i &#7903 v&ugrave;ng kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; d&#7883ch m&agrave; c&#7847n &#273&#7871n g&#7845p v&ugrave;ng c&oacute; d&#7883ch vi&ecirc;m gan B l&#432u h&agrave;nh.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">&#272&#7889i v&#7899i tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p anh V., do sau ti&ecirc;m ch&#7911ng 3 m&#361i &#273&#7847u, c&#417 th&#7875 v&#7851n ch&#432a c&oacute; kh&aacute;ng th&#7875, n&ecirc;n c&#7847n ch&iacute;ch th&ecirc;m. Sau &#273&oacute;, x&eacute;t nghi&#7879m cho th&#7845y, c&#417 th&#7875 anh V. &#273&atilde; c&oacute; kh&aacute;ng th&#7875 nh&#432ng v&#7851n ch&#432a &#273&#7911 n&ecirc;n anh &#273&#432&#7907c y&ecirc;u c&#7847u ti&ecirc;m nh&#7855c th&ecirc;m m&#7897t m&#361i n&#7919a. &#272&acirc;y l&agrave; &#273i&#7873u b&igrave;nh th&#432&#7901ng, ch&#7881 c&oacute; tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p, ch&iacute;ch th&ecirc;m 2 &#273&#7907t n&#7919a m&agrave; c&#417 th&#7875 v&#7851n kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; kh&aacute;ng th&#7875, th&igrave; b&aacute;c s&#297 s&#7869 ng&#432ng v&igrave; c&#417 th&#7875 c&#7911a ng&#432&#7901i &#273&oacute; kh&ocirc;ng dung n&#7841p thu&#7889c. Kho&#7843ng 20% thu&#7889c ch&#7911ng ng&#7915a kh&ocirc;ng dung n&#7841p &#273&#7889i v&#7899i m&#7897t s&#7889 c&#417 th&#7875.</span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><strong>H&#7890NG DUNG</strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>(Ngu&#7891n: Khoa h&#7885c ph&#7893 th&ocirc;ng)</em></span></span></div> <div>&nbsp;</div> </html>

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