Bí quyết của sự phát triển bền vững là ở văn hoá

<html> <head> <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8'> <title> </title> </head> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">B&iacute; quy&#7871t c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng l&agrave; &#7903 v&#259n ho&aacute;</span></span></strong></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> &#272&#7875 v&#259n h&oacute;a tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh s&#7913c m&#7841nh n&#7897i sinh quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, b&#7843n th&acirc;n v&#259n h&oacute;a ph&#7843i &#273&#7911 m&#7841nh &#273&#7875 c&oacute; th&#7875 th&#7849m th&#7845u v&agrave;o trong kinh t&#7871, ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, gi&aacute;o d&#7909c &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o, khoa h&#7885c c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879, v&#259n h&#7885c ngh&#7879 thu&#7853t&hellip;c&#361ng nh&#432 m&#7885i l&#297nh v&#7921c kh&aacute;c c&oacute; quan h&#7879 tr&#7921c ti&#7871p &#273&#7871n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n con ng&#432&#7901i. Nh&#432ng, kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i t&#7921 nhi&ecirc;n v&#259n h&oacute;a &#273&#7911 m&#7841nh, n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; s&#7921 ti&#7871p s&#7913c c&#7911a con ng&#432&#7901i v&agrave; c&#7911a c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c x&atilde; h&#7897i, t&#7915 gia &#273&igrave;nh, &#273o&agrave;n th&#7875, nh&agrave; tr&#432&#7901ng &#273&#7871n Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c, nh&#7845t l&agrave; s&#7921 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o s&aacute;ng su&#7889t c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng trong &#273&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n. </span></em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><img height="299" width="448" alt="" src="Story_axd.jpg" /></span></em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> V&#259n h&oacute;a ch&#7881 c&oacute; th&#7875 th&#7921c hi&#7879n &#273&#432&#7907c ch&#7913c n&#259ng ch&#7881 &#273&#432&#7901ng, kh&#7843 n&#259ng l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o, khi con ng&#432&#7901i c&#361ng nh&#432 c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c x&atilde; h&#7897i &yacute; th&#7913c &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng trong l&#297nh v&#7921c v&#259n h&oacute;a, c&#361ng nh&#432 th&#7921c hi&#7879n nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c v&#259n h&oacute;a, v&#259n ngh&#7879 c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7897t m&#7863t tr&#7853n v&#7899i &yacute; ngh&#297a &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n v&agrave; nghi&ecirc;m t&uacute;c c&#7911a quan &#273i&#7875m c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#361ng nh&#432 quan ni&#7879m m&#7863t tr&#7853n v&#259n h&oacute;a, v&#259n ngh&#7879.&nbsp; </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Tr&#432&#7899c khi n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n v&#259n h&oacute;a, ph&#7843i kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh kinh t&#7871 l&agrave; c&#417 s&#7903 c&#7911a m&#7885i s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n. Kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; kinh t&#7871 s&#7869 kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; c&aacute;i g&igrave; c&#7843. &#272&#7863t chi&#7871n l&#432&#7907c ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c trong s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&ocirc;ng nghi&#7879p h&oacute;a, hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i h&oacute;a l&agrave; &#273&#7863t s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 kinh t&#7871, nh&#7857m t&#259ng tr&#432&#7903ng nhanh n&#7873n kinh t&#7871 qu&#7889c d&acirc;n. T&#7915 &#273&oacute;, c&oacute; th&#7875 kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh, trong m&#7889i quan h&#7879 gi&#7919a t&#259ng tr&#432&#7903ng kinh t&#7871 v&#7899i ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n v&#259n h&oacute;a, th&igrave; t&#259ng tr&#432&#7903ng kinh t&#7871 bao gi&#7901 c&#361ng ph&#7843i &#273&#7863t &#7903 v&#7883 tr&iacute; s&#7889 m&#7897t. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> &#272&acirc;y c&#361ng l&agrave; quan &#273i&#7875m c&#417 b&#7843n c&#7911a c&aacute;c nh&agrave; kinh &#273i&#7875n t&#7915 M&aacute;c, &#258ngghen, L&ecirc;nin &#273&#7871n H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh. B&#7843n ch&#7845t ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c t&#7853p trung ch&#7911 y&#7871u trong h&#7885c thuy&#7871t kinh t&#7871-ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883. &ldquo;H&#7885c thuy&#7871t v&#7873 gi&aacute; tr&#7883 th&#7863ng d&#432 l&agrave; vi&ecirc;n &#273&aacute; t&#7843ng c&#7911a l&yacute; lu&#7853n kinh t&#7871 c&#7911a M&aacute;c&rdquo; (L&ecirc;nin). Coi lao &#273&#7897ng l&agrave; ngu&#7891n g&#7889c c&#7911a m&#7885i c&#7911a c&#7843i v&agrave; m&#7885i gi&aacute; tr&#7883, b&#7897 T&#432 b&#7843n lu&#7853n c&#7911a M&aacute;c nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u v&#7873 gi&aacute; tr&#7883 th&#7863ng d&#432, ph&#7843n &#7843nh qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh ra &#273&#7901i v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a t&#432 b&#7843n v&agrave; giai c&#7845p t&#432 s&#7843n. &#272&oacute; l&agrave; cu&#7889n s&aacute;ch kinh &#273i&#7875n v&#7873 kinh t&#7871-ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> D&#297 nhi&ecirc;n, kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 ph&#7911 nh&#7853n quan &#273i&#7875m &#273&#7845u tranh giai c&#7845p trong ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c, b&#7903i l&#7869, &#273&oacute; l&agrave; quy lu&#7853t ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n t&#7921 nhi&ecirc;n, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i c&#361ng l&agrave; quy lu&#7853t ti&#7871n h&oacute;a c&#7911a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i, v&#7889n ra &#273&#7901i t&#7915 l&acirc;u, m&agrave; M&aacute;c ch&#7881 c&oacute; c&ocirc;ng ho&agrave;n thi&#7879n, n&ecirc;u b&#7853t gi&aacute; tr&#7883 khoa h&#7885c v&agrave; &yacute; ngh&#297a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#7911a n&oacute;. Song, &#273&oacute; ch&#7881 l&agrave; m&#7897t n&#7897i dung, ch&#432a ph&#7843n &#7843nh &#273&#7847y &#273&#7911 b&#7843n ch&#7845t c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&agrave; khoa h&#7885c c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c. L&yacute; t&#432&#7903ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng lo&agrave;i ng&#432&#7901i c&#7911a M&aacute;c l&agrave; &#7903 ch&#7895 l&agrave;m cho con ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; &#259n, c&oacute; m&#7863c, c&oacute; ch&#7895 &#7903 v&agrave; &#273&#432&#7907c h&#7885c h&agrave;nh, ch&#7913 kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&agrave; &#273&#7845u tranh giai c&#7845p, d&ugrave; cho &#273&#7845u tranh giai c&#7845p l&agrave; c&oacute; th&#7921c, l&agrave; h&#7879 qu&#7843 c&#7911a s&#7921 &aacute;p b&#7913c, b&oacute;c l&#7897t. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Cho n&ecirc;n, kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i l&agrave; ng&#7851u nhi&ecirc;n, trong bu&#7893i l&#7877 an t&aacute;ng C&aacute;c M&aacute;c, nh&#7857m kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh nh&#7919ng c&#7889ng hi&#7871n v&#297 &#273&#7841i c&#7911a M&aacute;c, &#258ngghen &#273&atilde; n&oacute;i: &ldquo;Gi&#7889ng nh&#432 Darwin &#273&atilde; t&igrave;m ra quy lu&#7853t ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a th&#7871 gi&#7899i h&#7919u c&#417, M&aacute;c &#273&atilde; t&igrave;m ra quy lu&#7853t ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a l&#7883ch s&#7917 lo&agrave;i ng&#432&#7901i, c&aacute;i s&#7921 th&#7853t &#273&#417n gi&#7843n m&agrave; &#273&atilde; b&#7883 nh&#7919ng l&#7899p t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng ph&#7911 k&iacute;n cho &#273&#7871n ng&agrave;y nay l&agrave;: con ng&#432&#7901i tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t ph&#7843i &#259n, u&#7889ng, &#7903 v&agrave; m&#7863c &#273&atilde;, r&#7891i m&#7899i c&oacute; th&#7875 l&agrave;m ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, khoa h&#7885c, ngh&#7879 thu&#7853t, t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o, v.v&hellip;; v&agrave; v&igrave; v&#7853y, vi&#7879c s&#7843n xu&#7845t ra nh&#7919ng t&#432 li&#7879u sinh ho&#7841t v&#7853t ch&#7845t tr&#7921c ti&#7871p v&agrave; do &#273&oacute;, m&#7895i giai &#273o&#7841n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n kinh t&#7871 nh&#7845t &#273&#7883nh c&#7911a m&#7897t d&acirc;n t&#7897c hay m&#7897t th&#7901i &#273&#7841i, t&#7841o th&agrave;nh m&#7897t c&#417 s&#7903 tr&ecirc;n &#273&oacute; ng&#432&#7901i ta ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&aacute;c th&#7875 ch&#7871 nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c, c&aacute;c quan &#273i&#7875m ph&aacute;p quy&#7873n, ngh&#7879 thu&#7853t v&agrave; th&#7853m ch&iacute; c&#7843 nh&#7919ng quan &#273i&#7875m t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o c&#7911a nh&#7919ng con ng&#432&#7901i nh&#7845t &#273&#7883nh; V&agrave; v&igrave; v&#7853y, ph&#7843i xu&#7845t ph&aacute;t t&#7915 c&#417 s&#7903 &#273&oacute; m&agrave; gi&#7843i th&iacute;ch nh&#7919ng c&aacute;i n&agrave;y, ch&#7913 kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i ng&#432&#7907c l&#7841i, nh&#432 t&#7915 tr&#432&#7899c &#273&#7871n nay ng&#432&#7901i ta &#273&atilde; l&agrave;m&rdquo;(1). </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh quan &#273i&#7875m tr&ecirc;n c&#7911a h&#7885c thuy&#7871t M&aacute;c c&oacute; &yacute; ngh&#297a &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t quan tr&#7885ng, kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 cho th&#7845y M&aacute;c &#273&atilde; ph&aacute;t hi&#7879n ra quy lu&#7853t ti&#7871n h&oacute;a c&#7911a l&#7883ch s&#7917 lo&agrave;i ng&#432&#7901i tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 kinh t&#7871 m&agrave; c&ograve;n nh&#7857m u&#7889n n&#7855n l&#7841i nh&#7919ng c&aacute;ch hi&#7875u kh&ocirc;ng &#273&uacute;ng, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i, ph&ecirc; ph&aacute;n nh&#7919ng quan &#273i&#7875m nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u c&aacute;c v&#7845n &#273&#7873 l&yacute; lu&#7853n c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c kh&ocirc;ng xu&#7845t ph&aacute;t t&#7915 con ng&#432&#7901i, m&agrave; GS. Tr&#7847n &#272&#7913c Th&#7843o g&#7885i l&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &ldquo;l&yacute; lu&#7853n kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; con ng&#432&#7901i&rdquo;. Nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u v&agrave; v&#7853n d&#7909ng ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin ch&#7881 t&#7853p trung v&agrave;o h&#7885c thuy&#7871t &#273&#7845u tranh giai c&#7845p m&#7897t c&aacute;ch &#273&#417n thu&#7847n v&agrave; chuy&ecirc;n ch&iacute;nh v&ocirc; s&#7843n m&#7897t c&aacute;ch c&#7921c &#273oan, m&aacute;y m&oacute;c, th&#7921c ch&#7845t l&agrave; th&#7913 &ldquo;l&yacute; lu&#7853n kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; con ng&#432&#7901i&rdquo;, l&agrave; t&#7847m th&#432&#7901ng h&oacute;a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin, &#273&atilde; v&agrave; &#273ang b&#7883 ph&ecirc; ph&aacute;n. <br /> T&#7915 s&#7921 kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh b&#7843n ch&#7845t c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&agrave; khoa h&#7885c c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c trong h&#7885c thuy&#7871t kinh t&#7871-ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, &#258ngghen c&#361ng cho th&#7845y trong cu&#7897c s&#7889ng x&atilde; h&#7897i bao gi&#7901 c&#361ng hi&#7879n di&#7879n hai m&#7863t ch&#7911 y&#7871u, c&oacute; quan h&#7879 g&#7855n b&oacute; h&#7919u c&#417 v&agrave; ph&#7909 thu&#7897c v&agrave;o nhau nh&#432 m&#7897t th&#7875 th&#7889ng nh&#7845t bi&#7879n ch&#7913ng gi&#7919a c&#417 s&#7903 kinh t&#7871 v&agrave; n&#7873n t&#7843ng v&#259n h&oacute;a, ho&#7863c c&ograve;n g&#7885i l&agrave; v&#259n minh v&#7853t ch&#7845t v&agrave; v&#259n minh tinh th&#7847n, m&agrave; kinh t&#7871 bao gi&#7901 c&#361ng gi&#7919 vai tr&ograve; quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh, n&#7871u x&eacute;t &#273&#7871n c&ugrave;ng. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, khi n&oacute;i kinh t&#7871 gi&#7919 vai tr&ograve; quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh, x&eacute;t &#273&#7871n c&ugrave;ng, l&#7841i kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 xem kinh t&#7871 c&oacute; tr&#432&#7899c, v&#259n h&oacute;a c&oacute; sau, hay kinh t&#7871 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n tr&#432&#7899c r&#7891i m&#7899i n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n v&#259n h&oacute;a, m&agrave; ch&#7881 &#273&#7875 kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh s&#7921 t&#7891n t&#7841i cu&#7897c s&#7889ng con ng&#432&#7901i tr&#432&#7899c ti&ecirc;n ph&#7843i n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n t&#7889i thi&#7875u nh&#432 &#259n, m&#7863c, &#7903, &#273i l&#7841i, v. v&hellip;, r&#7891i sau &#273&oacute; m&#7899i n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n nh&#7919ng ph&#432&#417ng ti&#7879n sinh ho&#7841t v&agrave; ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c s&#7917 d&#7909ng do con ng&#432&#7901i s&aacute;ng t&#7841o v&agrave; ph&aacute;t minh nh&#7857m &#273&aacute;p &#7913ng y&ecirc;u c&#7847u cu&#7897c s&#7889ng, &#273&#432&#7907c g&#7885i l&agrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a. &#272&oacute; l&agrave; hai m&#7863t c&ugrave;ng hi&#7879n di&#7879n, ph&#7909 thu&#7897c v&agrave;o nhau trong quan h&#7879 bi&#7879n ch&#7913ng. Do &#273&oacute;, kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 n&oacute;i kinh t&#7871 quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh t&#7889c &#273&#7897 v&agrave; qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, nh&#7845t l&agrave; y&ecirc;u c&#7847u ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng, m&agrave; &#273&#7889i v&#7899i ch&uacute;ng ta l&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n theo &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a. B&iacute; quy&#7871t c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng bao gi&#7901 c&#361ng h&#432&#7899ng v&agrave;o con ng&#432&#7901i, m&agrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a l&agrave; &#273&#7897ng l&#7921c, l&agrave; n&#7873n t&#7843ng, l&agrave; s&#7913c m&#7841nh n&#7897i sinh quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; con ng&#432&#7901i. V&igrave; th&#7871 m&#7899i n&oacute;i, b&iacute; quy&#7871t c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng l&agrave; &#7903 v&#259n h&oacute;a. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> S&#7903 d&#297, ph&#7843i kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh b&iacute; quy&#7871t c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng l&agrave; &#7903 v&#259n h&oacute;a, b&#7903i l&#7869, vi&#7879c nh&#7853n th&#7913c cho &#273&uacute;ng v&#7873 y&ecirc;u c&#7847u ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n v&#259n h&oacute;a trong m&#7889i quan h&#7879 v&#7899i t&#259ng tr&#432&#7903ng kinh t&#7871, qu&#7843 l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#417n gi&#7843n. &#272&oacute; l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c b&agrave;n nhi&#7873u tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;c l&#297nh v&#7921c tri&#7871t h&#7885c, kinh t&#7871 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 h&#7885c, v&#259n h&oacute;a h&#7885c&hellip;Song, ng&agrave;y nay, v&#7899i s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n m&#7841nh m&#7869 c&#7911a v&#259n minh tr&iacute; tu&#7879, s&#7921 b&ugrave;ng n&#7893 c&#7911a v&#259n h&oacute;a, nh&#7845t l&agrave; th&#7921c ti&#7877n &#273ang x&#7843y ra nh&#7919ng cu&#7897c kh&#7911ng ho&#7843ng, n&#7841n th&#7845t nghi&#7879p v&agrave; s&#7921 ph&acirc;n h&oacute;a gi&agrave;u ngh&egrave;o ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng gia t&#259ng ngay &#7903 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c t&#432 b&#7843n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, ng&#432&#7901i ta &#273&atilde; th&#7845y t&#259ng tr&#432&#7903ng GDP ch&#432a ph&#7843i l&agrave; t&#7845t c&#7843 c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, do &#273&oacute; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 coi GDP l&agrave; th&#432&#7899c &#273o c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, m&agrave; ph&#7843i coi v&#259n h&oacute;a m&#7899i l&agrave; th&#432&#7899c &#273o c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Nh&#7853n th&#7913c v&#259n h&oacute;a t&#7915 ch&#7895 c&ograve;n l&#7879 thu&#7897c v&agrave;o t&#259ng tr&#432&#7903ng kinh t&#7871 &#273&#7871n ch&#7895 xem l&agrave; th&#432&#7899c &#273o c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n l&agrave; c&#7843 qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i kh&ocirc;ng ng&#7915ng v&agrave; s&acirc;u s&#7855c trong t&#432 duy v&#259n h&oacute;a, &yacute; th&#7913c ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng r&otilde; v&#7873 nh&#7919ng ti&#7873m n&#259ng v&ocirc; t&#7853n c&#7911a v&#259n h&oacute;a trong ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, v&igrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, m&agrave; ng&agrave;y nay n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n h&#7885c thuy&#7871t v&#7873 &ldquo;s&#7913c m&#7841nh m&#7873m&rdquo; th&#7921c ch&#7845t l&agrave; n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n s&#7913c m&#7841nh v&#259n h&oacute;a. Do &#273&oacute;, n&#7871u n&oacute;i nh&#432 J.Derrida: &ldquo;V&#259n h&oacute;a l&agrave; &#273i&#7873u b&iacute; &#7849n kh&ocirc;ng c&ugrave;ng&rdquo;, th&igrave; ng&agrave;y nay ng&#432&#7901i ta &#273&atilde; th&#7845y r&otilde; &#273i&#7873u b&iacute; &#7849n kh&ocirc;ng c&ugrave;ng &#7845y, ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; &#7903 b&iacute; quy&#7871t c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng, m&agrave; &#273&#7889i v&#7899i ch&uacute;ng ta l&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n theo &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a v&#7899i m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u d&acirc;n gi&agrave;u, n&#432&#7899c m&#7841nh, d&acirc;n ch&#7911, c&ocirc;ng b&#7857ng, v&#259n minh tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin v&agrave; t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh. H&#417n n&#7919a, c&ograve;n c&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh l&agrave; m&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n &#273&atilde; &ldquo;gi&#7843i m&atilde;&rdquo;, kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 kh&aacute;m ph&aacute; ra &#273i&#7873u b&iacute; &#7849n kh&ocirc;ng c&ugrave;ng &#7845y m&agrave; c&ograve;n ph&aacute;t hi&#7879n ra ch&#7913c n&#259ng l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o, kh&#7843 n&#259ng ch&#7881 &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7911a v&#259n h&oacute;a. Do &#273&oacute;, &#273&#7875 th&#7845y r&otilde; b&iacute; quy&#7871t c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng l&agrave; &#7903 v&#259n h&oacute;a, ph&#7843i th&#7845y kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i b&#7845t c&#7913 th&#7913 v&#259n h&oacute;a n&agrave;o m&agrave; l&agrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a m&#7899i v&igrave; con ng&#432&#7901i, do con ng&#432&#7901i, &#273&#432&#7907c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n theo t&#432 duy m&#7899i, hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i, v&#259n h&oacute;a H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Ti&#7871p thu v&agrave; v&#7853n d&#7909ng s&aacute;ng t&#7841o, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; ph&aacute;t hi&#7879n kh&aacute; s&#7899m ti&#7873m n&#259ng v&#259n h&oacute;a trong h&#7885c thuy&#7871t M&aacute;c v&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a L&ecirc;nin. Ng&#432&#7901i kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 th&#7845y v&#259n h&oacute;a g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i c&aacute;i &#259n, c&aacute;i m&#7863c, ch&#7895 &#7903 v&agrave; &#273&#432&#7907c h&#7885c h&agrave;nh, t&#7913c nhu c&#7847u cu&#7897c s&#7889ng v&agrave; &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i c&#7911a s&#7921 sinh t&#7891n, m&agrave; h&#417n th&#7871, Ng&#432&#7901i c&ograve;n th&#7845y s&#7913c m&#7841nh ti&#7873m &#7849n, kh&ocirc;ng c&ugrave;ng c&#7911a v&#259n h&oacute;a. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 t&#432 duy m&#7899i, hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i v&#7873 v&#259n h&oacute;a, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&#7873 ra c&#7843 m&#7897t h&#7879 th&#7889ng c&aacute;c quan &#273i&#7875m v&#259n h&oacute;a; t&#7915 m&#7897t &#273&#7883nh ngh&#297a kh&aacute;i ni&#7879m v&#259n h&oacute;a &#273&#7871n n&#259m &#273i&#7875m l&#7899n x&acirc;y d&#7921ng n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a d&acirc;n t&#7897c, bao g&#7891m t&acirc;m l&yacute;, lu&acirc;n l&yacute;, x&acirc;y d&#7921ng x&atilde; h&#7897i, x&acirc;y d&#7921ng ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, x&acirc;y d&#7921ng kinh t&#7871, m&agrave; c&oacute; l&uacute;c Ng&#432&#7901i n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n b&#7889n l&#297nh v&#7921c ph&#7843i coi tr&#7885ng ngang nhau, &#273&oacute; l&agrave; kinh t&#7871, ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, v&#259n h&oacute;a, x&atilde; h&#7897i. V&#7853n d&#7909ng s&aacute;ng t&#7841o h&#7879 th&#7889ng quan &#273i&#7875m v&#259n h&oacute;a &#7845y v&agrave;o th&#7921c ti&#7877n x&acirc;y d&#7921ng x&atilde; h&#7897i m&#7899i, Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; c&#7843i t&#7841o h&#7879 th&#7889ng quan &#273i&#7875m v&#259n h&oacute;a &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c c&#361 th&agrave;nh quan &#273i&#7875m v&#259n h&oacute;a &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c m&#7899i, &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i &#273&#7873 ra tri&#7871t l&yacute; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c ta theo m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u g&#7855n &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&#7899i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i, ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a m&#7899i g&#7855n v&#7899i vi&#7879c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng con ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; nh&acirc;n c&aacute;ch v&#259n h&oacute;a, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; tri&#7871t l&yacute; v&#259n h&oacute;a l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o, v&#259n h&oacute;a ch&#7881 &#273&#432&#7901ng. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> T&#7915 h&#7879 th&#7889ng c&aacute;c quan &#273i&#7875m v&#259n h&oacute;a m&#7899i, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 v&#7853n d&#7909ng v&agrave;o th&#7921c ti&#7877n x&acirc;y d&#7921ng v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c ta, m&agrave; c&ograve;n h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh m&#7897t quan &#273i&#7875m m&#7899i v&#7873 ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i, c&oacute; th&#7875 g&#7885i, &#273&oacute; l&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i v&#259n h&oacute;a hay ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i nh&acirc;n v&#259n. Th&#7921c hi&#7879n m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u &#273&oacute;, ngay t&#7915 &#273&#7847u s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i tr&#432&#7899c ti&ecirc;n ph&#7843i l&agrave;m cho d&acirc;n c&oacute; &#259n, c&oacute; m&#7863c, c&oacute; ch&#7895 &#7903 v&agrave; c&oacute; h&#7885c h&agrave;nh, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i v&#7899i vi&#7879c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a m&#7899i, con ng&#432&#7901i m&#7899i x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a th&#7845m nhu&#7847n &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng. C&#361ng ngay t&#7915 &#273&#7847u s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, Ng&#432&#7901i y&ecirc;u c&#7847u x&acirc;y d&#7921ng m&#7897t Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c ki&#7875u m&#7899i th&#7921c s&#7921 d&acirc;n ch&#7911, nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c c&#7911a d&acirc;n, do d&acirc;n v&agrave; v&igrave; d&acirc;n, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i v&#7899i vi&#7879c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng m&#7897t &#272&#7843ng c&#7847m quy&#7873n ki&#7875u m&#7899i v&#7915a &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c v&#7915a v&#259n minh. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> C&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 ti&#7871p thu nh&#7919ng h&#7841t nh&acirc;n c&#417 b&#7843n c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin v&#7873 v&#259n h&oacute;a g&#7855n v&#7899i kinh t&#7871, con ng&#432&#7901i, m&agrave; tr&#7843i qua th&#7921c ti&#7877n &#273&#7845u tranh t&igrave;m &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c, Ng&#432&#7901i c&ograve;n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n t&#432 duy v&#259n h&oacute;a l&ecirc;n m&#7897t t&#7847m cao m&#7899i ph&ugrave; h&#7907p v&#7899i th&#7901i &#273&#7841i to&agrave;n c&#7847u h&oacute;a v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n n&#7873n kinh t&#7871 tri th&#7913c, th&#7845y v&#259n h&oacute;a kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 g&#7855n v&#7899i ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, kinh t&#7871 m&agrave; c&ograve;n c&oacute; kh&#7843 n&#259ng ch&#7881 &#273&#432&#7901ng cho qu&#7889c d&acirc;n &#273i. T&#7915 &#273&oacute;, Ng&#432&#7901i nh&#7853n th&#7913c r&otilde; nh&#7919ng m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u c&#417 b&#7843n c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i &#7903 Vi&#7879t Nam g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i vi&#7879c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a m&#7899i, con ng&#432&#7901i m&#7899i. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Khi n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n nh&#7919ng nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh th&#432&#7901ng nh&#7845n m&#7841nh v&#7883 tr&iacute; c&#7911a v&#259n h&oacute;a th&#7875 hi&#7879n &#7903 &yacute; ch&iacute; t&#7921 c&#432&#7901ng, &#7903 tinh th&#7847n y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c, &#7903 quan &#273i&#7875m v&igrave; d&acirc;n, nh&#7845t l&agrave; &#7903 &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, t&#7913c l&agrave; &#7903 ch&iacute;nh con ng&#432&#7901i th&#7845m nhu&#7847n nh&acirc;n c&aacute;ch v&#259n h&oacute;a ch&#7913 kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i &#7903 kinh t&#7871, d&ugrave; cho kinh t&#7871 l&agrave; c&#417 s&#7903. Tr&#7843 l&#7901i ph&#7887ng v&#7845n c&#7911a ph&oacute;ng vi&ecirc;n th&#432&#7901ng tr&uacute; b&aacute;o Nh&acirc;n &#272&#7841o t&#7841i H&agrave; N&#7897i (1962) v&#7873 ngh&#7883 l&#7921c c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta trong cu&#7897c kh&aacute;ng chi&#7871n ch&#7889ng th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p, Ng&#432&#7901i n&oacute;i: &ldquo;Nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n n&#432&#7899c ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i c&oacute; &yacute; ch&iacute; phi th&#432&#7901ng l&agrave; do l&ograve;ng t&#7921 tr&#7885ng mu&#7889n s&#7889ng l&agrave;m ng&#432&#7901i ch&#7913 kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7883u l&agrave;m n&ocirc; l&#7879. &#272i&#7873u n&agrave;y c&agrave;ng &#273&uacute;ng v&#7899i nh&#7919ng nh&agrave; tr&iacute; th&#7913c n&#432&#7899c ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i thi&#7871t tha v&#7899i n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a d&acirc;n t&#7897c&rdquo;. Khi nh&agrave; b&aacute;o h&#7887i, nh&acirc;n t&#7889 n&agrave;o sau h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c c&oacute; s&#7921 bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh c&#361ng tr&#7843 l&#7901i: &ldquo;C&oacute; l&#7869 c&#7847n ph&#7843i &#273&#7875 l&ecirc;n h&agrave;ng &#273&#7847u nh&#7919ng c&#7889 g&#7855ng c&#7911a ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i nh&#7857m ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n v&#259n h&oacute;a&rdquo;(2). Coi v&#259n h&oacute;a c&oacute; th&#7875 ch&#7881 &#273&#432&#7901ng cho qu&#7889c d&acirc;n &#273i, c&#361ng nh&#432 v&#259n h&oacute;a l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o qu&#7889c d&acirc;n &#273&#7875 th&#7921c hi&#7879n &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, t&#7921 c&#432&#7901ng v&agrave; t&#7921 ch&#7911, c&oacute; l&#7869, kh&ocirc;ng ai th&#7845y r&otilde; b&iacute; quy&#7871t c&#7911a v&#259n h&oacute;a trong ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; x&acirc;y d&#7921ng con ng&#432&#7901i nh&#432 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> &#272&#7841i h&#7897i XI c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng &#273&atilde; c&oacute; b&#432&#7899c nh&#7853n th&#7913c m&#7899i v&#7873 v&#259n h&oacute;a so v&#7899i tr&#432&#7899c &#273&acirc;y, nh&#7845t l&agrave; nh&#7853n th&#7913c v&#7873 m&#7889i quan h&#7879 gi&#7919a t&#259ng tr&#432&#7903ng kinh t&#7871 v&#7899i ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n v&#259n h&oacute;a t&#7853p trung v&agrave;o nh&#7919ng ch&#7881 ti&ecirc;u ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n con ng&#432&#7901i. H&#417n n&#7919a, &#272&#7841i h&#7897i XI c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng c&ograve;n nh&#7845n m&#7841nh: &ldquo;L&agrave;m cho v&#259n h&oacute;a g&#7855n k&#7871t ch&#7863t ch&#7869 v&agrave; th&#7845m s&acirc;u v&agrave;o to&agrave;n b&#7897 &#273&#7901i s&#7889ng x&atilde; h&#7897i, tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh s&#7913c m&#7841nh n&#7897i sinh quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n&rdquo;. V&#7899i nh&#7853n th&#7913c m&#7899i &#273&oacute;, v&#259n h&oacute;a kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&agrave; m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u v&agrave; &#273&#7897ng l&#7921c c&#7911a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n kinh t&#7871-x&atilde; h&#7897i, c&#361ng kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&agrave; n&#7873n t&#7843ng tinh th&#7847n c&#7911a x&atilde; h&#7897i nh&#432 c&aacute;ch n&oacute;i tr&#432&#7899c &#273&acirc;y, m&agrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c coi l&agrave; th&#432&#7899c &#273o c&#7911a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng. &#272&oacute; l&agrave; m&#7897t b&#432&#7899c nh&#7853n th&#7913c m&#7899i v&#7873 v&#259n h&oacute;a so v&#7899i tr&#432&#7899c. Nh&#432ng, so v&#7899i t&#432 duy v&#259n h&oacute;a H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, c&oacute; l&#7869, v&#7851n c&ograve;n m&#7897t kho&#7843ng c&aacute;ch nh&#7845t &#273&#7883nh, do ch&#432a ph&#7843n &#7843nh &#273&uacute;ng t&#7847m t&#432 duy v&#259n h&oacute;a trong ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; con ng&#432&#7901i nh&#432 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i, tuy r&#7857ng trong th&#7921c t&#7871 s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c ta &#273&#7841t &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng th&#7855ng l&#7907i nh&#432 ng&agrave;y nay, ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; c&oacute; s&#7921 qu&aacute;n tri&#7879t t&#432 duy v&#259n h&oacute;a trong ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, nh&#432 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; t&#7915ng kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> V&#7899i s&#7921 nh&#7853n th&#7913c v&#259n h&oacute;a ph&#7843i tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh s&#7913c m&#7841nh n&#7897i sinh quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, c&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i, &#272&#7841i h&#7897i XI c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng &#273&atilde; ti&#7871p c&#7853n v&#7899i quan &#273i&#7875m xem b&iacute; quy&#7871t c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i &#7903 b&#7843n th&acirc;n kinh t&#7871 m&agrave; l&agrave; &#7903 v&#259n h&oacute;a. N&oacute;i &#273&#7871n s&#7913c m&#7841nh n&#7897i sinh, d&#297 nhi&ecirc;n, ph&#7843i n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n s&#7913c m&#7841nh ph&aacute;t sinh v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n t&#7915 n&#7897i l&#7921c tinh th&#7847n c&#7911a con ng&#432&#7901i, l&agrave; k&#7871t qu&#7843 c&#7911a s&#7921 t&iacute;ch t&#7909 nh&#7919ng gi&aacute; tr&#7883 v&#259n h&oacute;a t&#7841o n&ecirc;n con ng&#432&#7901i ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n to&agrave;n di&#7879n v&#7915a c&oacute; &#273&#7913c, v&#7915a c&oacute; t&agrave;i. Nh&#432ng, v&#7845n &#273&#7873 l&agrave; l&agrave;m th&#7871 n&agrave;o &#273&#7875 c&oacute; s&#7913c m&#7841nh n&#7897i sinh quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, th&igrave; h&igrave;nh nh&#432 v&#7851n ch&#432a c&oacute; l&#7901i gi&#7843i th&#7853t r&otilde; r&agrave;ng, do &#273&oacute;, trong th&#7921c ti&#7877n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, ch&uacute;ng ta v&#7851n th&#7845y ph&aacute;t sinh nh&#7919ng quan &#273i&#7875m kh&ocirc;ng b&igrave;nh th&#432&#7901ng v&agrave; c&#7843 nh&#7919ng c&aacute;ch &#7913ng x&#7917 v&#259n h&oacute;a ch&#432a th&#7853t m&#7841nh m&#7869, nh&#432 hi&#7879n t&#432&#7907ng ph&ograve;ng ch&#7889ng c&#259n b&#7879nh quan li&ecirc;u, tham nh&#361ng, kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&agrave;m ch&#7853m t&#7889c &#273&#7897 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#7903 n&#432&#7899c ta m&agrave; c&ograve;n c&oacute; nguy c&#417 l&#7899n li&ecirc;n quan &#273&#7871n s&#7921 s&#7889ng c&ograve;n c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng, c&#7911a ch&#7871 &#273&#7897. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> &#272&#7875 v&#259n h&oacute;a tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh s&#7913c m&#7841nh n&#7897i sinh quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, b&#7843n th&acirc;n v&#259n h&oacute;a ph&#7843i &#273&#7911 m&#7841nh &#273&#7875 c&oacute; th&#7875 th&#7849m th&#7845u v&agrave;o trong kinh t&#7871, ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, gi&aacute;o d&#7909c &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o, khoa h&#7885c c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879, v&#259n h&#7885c ngh&#7879 thu&#7853t&hellip;c&#361ng nh&#432 m&#7885i l&#297nh v&#7921c kh&aacute;c c&oacute; quan h&#7879 tr&#7921c ti&#7871p &#273&#7871n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n con ng&#432&#7901i. Nh&#432ng, kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i t&#7921 nhi&ecirc;n v&#259n h&oacute;a &#273&#7911 m&#7841nh, n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; s&#7921 ti&#7871p s&#7913c c&#7911a con ng&#432&#7901i v&agrave; c&#7911a c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c x&atilde; h&#7897i, t&#7915 gia &#273&igrave;nh, &#273o&agrave;n th&#7875, nh&agrave; tr&#432&#7901ng &#273&#7871n Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c, nh&#7845t l&agrave; s&#7921 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o s&aacute;ng su&#7889t c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng trong &#273&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n. V&#259n h&oacute;a ch&#7881 c&oacute; th&#7875 th&#7921c hi&#7879n &#273&#432&#7907c ch&#7913c n&#259ng ch&#7881 &#273&#432&#7901ng, kh&#7843 n&#259ng l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o, khi con ng&#432&#7901i c&#361ng nh&#432 c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c x&atilde; h&#7897i &yacute; th&#7913c &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng trong l&#297nh v&#7921c v&#259n h&oacute;a, c&#361ng nh&#432 th&#7921c hi&#7879n nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c v&#259n h&oacute;a, v&#259n ngh&#7879 c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7897t m&#7863t tr&#7853n v&#7899i &yacute; ngh&#297a &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n v&agrave; nghi&ecirc;m t&uacute;c c&#7911a quan &#273i&#7875m c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#361ng nh&#432 quan ni&#7879m m&#7863t tr&#7853n v&#259n h&oacute;a, v&#259n ngh&#7879. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Song, c&oacute; l&#7869 do t&#7847m th&#432&#7901ng h&oacute;a kh&aacute;i ni&#7879m c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&#259n h&oacute;a n&ecirc;n nhi&#7873u ng&#432&#7901i mu&#7889n lo&#7841i b&#7887 kh&aacute;i ni&#7879m n&agrave;y. Th&#7853m ch&iacute;, c&#7843 kh&aacute;i ni&#7879m m&#7863t tr&#7853n trong nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c v&#259n h&oacute;a, v&#259n ngh&#7879 c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7897t m&#7863t tr&#7853n c&#361ng th&#432&#7901ng &#273&#432&#7907c hi&#7875u sai l&#7879ch, do &#273&oacute; nhi&#7873u ng&#432&#7901i kh&ocirc;ng mu&#7889n n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n c&#7843 kh&aacute;i ni&#7879m m&#7863t tr&#7853n v&#259n h&oacute;a, v&#259n ngh&#7879 n&#7919a. Khi n&oacute;i v&#259n h&oacute;a, v&#259n ngh&#7879 c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7897t m&#7863t tr&#7853n, kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n hi&#7875u &#273i&#7873u &#273&oacute; ch&#7881 di&#7877n ra trong l&#297nh v&#7921c v&#259n h&oacute;a, v&#259n ngh&#7879 &#273&#417n thu&#7847n, m&agrave; ph&#7843i th&#7845y &#273&oacute; l&agrave; quy lu&#7853t chung. &#7902 &#273&acirc;u c&oacute; v&#259n h&oacute;a, c&#7847n &#273&#7871n v&#259n h&oacute;a, th&igrave; &#7903 &#273&oacute; c&oacute; m&#7863t tr&#7853n v&#259n h&oacute;a, ngh&#297a l&agrave; c&oacute; &#273&#7845u tranh, ph&ecirc; b&igrave;nh v&agrave; t&#7921 ph&ecirc; b&igrave;nh, c&oacute; ph&#7843n bi&#7879n v&agrave; &#273&#7889i tho&#7841i th&#7859ng th&#7855n gi&#7919a c&aacute;i &#273&uacute;ng v&agrave; c&aacute;i sai, gi&#7919a c&aacute;c khuynh h&#432&#7899ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng kh&aacute;c nhau. &#272&acirc;y c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7897t &#273&#7863c &#273i&#7875m ri&ecirc;ng c&#7911a ch&#7913c n&#259ng v&#259n h&oacute;a, kh&aacute;c v&#7899i kinh t&#7871 do kinh t&#7871 c&oacute; th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng &#273i&#7873u ti&#7871t b&#7857ng l&#7907i nhu&#7853n v&agrave; lu&#7853t kinh doanh. Trong v&#259n h&oacute;a c&#361ng c&oacute; ph&aacute;p lu&#7853t chi ph&#7889i, nh&#432ng kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; &#273i&#7873u lu&#7853t n&agrave;o c&#7845m con ng&#432&#7901i ph&#7843i suy ngh&#297 theo quan &#273i&#7875m n&agrave;o. Ph&#7843i ch&#259ng, c&#361ng v&igrave; ch&#432a th&#7921c s&#7921 qu&aacute;n tri&#7879t &#273&#432&#7907c &yacute; ngh&#297a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng trong l&#297nh v&#7921c v&#259n h&oacute;a c&#361ng nh&#432 quan &#273i&#7875m coi v&#259n h&oacute;a, v&#259n ngh&#7879 c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7897t m&#7863t tr&#7853n, cho n&ecirc;n, ch&uacute;ng ta ch&#432a t&#7841o &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7913c m&#7841nh n&#7897i sinh quan tr&#7885ng cho ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n. &#272&#7875 &ldquo;v&#259n h&oacute;a ph&#7843i s&#7917a &#273&#7893i &#273&#432&#7907c tham nh&#361ng, l&#432&#7901i bi&#7871ng, ph&ugrave; hoa, xa x&#7881&rdquo;, c&#7847n ph&#7843i &ldquo;l&agrave;m cho v&#259n h&oacute;a v&agrave;o s&acirc;u trong t&acirc;m l&yacute; c&#7911a qu&#7889c d&acirc;n&rdquo;, nh&#432 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i. Song, c&oacute; l&#7869, v&igrave; ch&#432a th&#7921c hi&#7879n &#273&#432&#7907c &#273i&#7873u &#273&oacute;, cho n&ecirc;n, ch&uacute;ng ta ch&#432a t&#7841o &#273&#432&#7907c t&acirc;m l&yacute; ph&#7843n bi&#7879n x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; d&#432 lu&#7853n l&ecirc;n &aacute;n m&#7841nh m&#7869 nh&#7919ng h&agrave;nh vi thi&#7871u v&#259n h&oacute;a, ph&#7843n v&#259n h&oacute;a. T&#7915 &#273&oacute;, c&oacute; th&#7875 hi&#7875u, kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 &#7903 trong kinh t&#7871, x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a m&agrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a c&#361ng ph&#7843i g&#7855n k&#7871t ch&#7863t ch&#7869 v&agrave; th&#7845m s&acirc;u v&agrave;o trong kinh t&#7871, ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 v&agrave; t&acirc;m l&yacute; x&atilde; h&#7897i. N&#7871u n&oacute;i nh&#432 L&ecirc;nin &ldquo;ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 l&agrave; bi&#7875u hi&#7879n t&#7853p trung c&#7911a kinh t&#7871&rdquo;, th&igrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a ph&#7843i l&agrave; bi&#7875u hi&#7879n t&#7853p trung c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, ngh&#297a l&agrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a ph&#7843i tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh t&acirc;m l&yacute;, n&#7897i l&#7921c quan tr&#7885ng, th&#7853m ch&iacute; l&agrave; quan tr&#7885ng nh&#7845t c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883. N&oacute;i c&aacute;ch kh&aacute;c, v&#259n h&oacute;a ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n s&#7869 quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh m&#7885i s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&uacute;ng h&#432&#7899ng, ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng. S&#7913c m&#7841nh n&#7897i sinh quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n v&#259n h&oacute;a ph&#7843i tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh ti&ecirc;u ch&iacute; &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n c&#7911a nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879m trong vi&#7879c &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t l&agrave; nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o ch&#7911 ch&#7889t, bi&#7875u hi&#7879n tr&ecirc;n m&#7885i m&#7863t c&#7911a ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng th&#7921c ti&#7877n c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&#361ng nh&#432 &#273&#7901i s&#7889ng ri&ecirc;ng t&#432. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; v&#7853y, v&#259n h&oacute;a m&#7899i l&agrave; b&iacute; quy&#7871t c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> &#272&#7875 v&#259n h&oacute;a tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh s&#7913c m&#7841nh n&#7897i sinh quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#361ng nh&#432 xem v&#259n h&oacute;a l&agrave; b&iacute; quy&#7871t c&#7911a s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng, c&#7847n ph&#7843i &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t ch&uacute; &yacute; ba l&#297nh v&#7921c sau &#273&acirc;y: </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><em><br /> <strong>M&#7897t l&agrave;,</strong></em> nh&#7853n th&#7913c ti&#7871p v&#7873 v&#7883 tr&iacute;, vai tr&ograve; c&#7911a v&#259n h&oacute;a trong ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n n&oacute;i chung, trong s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a n&oacute;i ri&ecirc;ng. &#272&acirc;y l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 kh&ocirc;ng m&#7899i, nh&#432ng kh&ocirc;ng bao gi&#7901 &#273&#432&#7907c xem l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 &#273&atilde; c&#361. Qu&#7843 nh&#432 &ocirc;ng T&#7893ng Gi&aacute;m &#273&#7889c UNESCO Mayor F. vi&#7871t: &ldquo;V&#259n h&oacute;a ng&agrave;y h&ocirc;m qua m&#7899i ch&#7881 l&agrave; m&#7897t th&#7913 trang tr&iacute;, nay l&agrave; n&#7873n t&#7843ng v&agrave; linh h&#7891n cu&#7897c phi&ecirc;u l&#432u c&#7911a con ng&#432&#7901i&rdquo; (3). L&agrave; n&#7873n t&#7843ng, v&#259n h&oacute;a &#273&atilde; &#273em &#273&#7871n cho con ng&#432&#7901i nh&#7919ng ti&#7873m n&#259ng v&ocirc; t&#7853n &#273&#7875 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n kinh t&#7871, x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; con ng&#432&#7901i. L&agrave; linh h&#7891n cu&#7897c phi&ecirc;u l&#432u, v&#259n h&oacute;a kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 mang l&#7841i t&iacute;ch c&#7921c m&agrave; c&#7843 ti&ecirc;u c&#7921c khi n&oacute; b&#7883 l&#7907i d&#7909ng v&agrave;o nh&#7919ng m&#7909c &#273&iacute;ch phi v&#259n h&oacute;a, ph&#7843n v&#259n h&oacute;a. B&#7843n th&acirc;n l&#297nh v&#7921c v&#259n h&oacute;a c&#361ng &#273&atilde; h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh m&#7897t m&#7863t tr&#7853n &#273&#7845u tranh r&#7845t quy&#7871t li&#7879t gi&#7919a nh&#7919ng khuynh h&#432&#7899ng kh&aacute;c nhau c&#7911a nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i s&#7917 d&#7909ng v&#259n h&oacute;a v&agrave;o m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n v&#7899i nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i t&igrave;m c&aacute;ch s&#7917 d&#7909ng v&#259n h&oacute;a v&agrave;o m&#7909c &#273&iacute;ch phi v&#259n h&oacute;a, t&#7841o n&ecirc;n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c v&#259n h&oacute;a. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; v&#7853y, &#273&atilde; &#273&#7871n l&uacute;c ch&uacute;ng ta n&ecirc;n ngh&#297 &#273&#7871n m&#7897t &#272&#7873 c&#432&#417ng ho&#7863c m&#7897t C&#432&#417ng l&#297nh ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n m&#7899i v&#7873 v&#259n h&oacute;a tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 t&#432 duy m&#7899i, hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i v&#7873 v&#259n h&oacute;a ph&ugrave; h&#7907p v&#7899i b&#7889i c&#7843nh m&#7899i khi &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c h&#7897i nh&#7853p qu&#7889c t&#7871 to&agrave;n c&#7847u h&oacute;a v&#7899i nh&#7919ng di&#7877n bi&#7871n v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng ph&#7913c t&#7841p, tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t tr&ecirc;n l&#297nh v&#7921c v&#259n h&oacute;a, t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><em><br /> <strong>Hai l&agrave;,</strong></em> c&#7847n kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh n&#7873n t&#7843ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng, c&#7889t l&otilde;i c&#7911a n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a m&#7899i l&agrave; l&yacute; t&#432&#7903ng g&#7855n &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&#7899i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c &ndash; L&ecirc;nin v&agrave; t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh. &#272&acirc;y c&#361ng l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 kh&ocirc;ng m&#7899i, nh&#432ng l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 kh&oacute; kh&#259n, nhi&#7873u th&#7917 th&aacute;ch nh&#7845t trong th&#7921c ti&#7877n x&acirc;y d&#7921ng n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a m&#7899i. &#272&atilde; &#273&#7871n l&uacute;c c&#7847n c&oacute; s&#7921 th&#7843o lu&#7853n r&#7897ng r&atilde;i v&#7873 quan &#273i&#7875m th&#7871 n&agrave;o l&agrave; &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a, n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a m&#7899i m&agrave; ch&uacute;ng ta g&#7885i l&agrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a ti&ecirc;n ti&#7871n c&oacute; ph&#7843i l&agrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a hay kh&ocirc;ng? N&#7897i dung n&#7873n v&#259n h&oacute;a ti&ecirc;n ti&#7871n &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a nh&#432 th&#7871 n&agrave;o ?</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><em><br /> <strong>Ba l&agrave;,</strong></em><strong> </strong>vi&#7879c &#273&#7845u tranh th&#7921c hi&#7879n cho &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng ch&#7881 ti&ecirc;u ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n con ng&#432&#7901i, tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t trong l&#297nh v&#7921c gi&aacute;o d&#7909c, &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o v&agrave; nhi&#7873u l&#297nh v&#7921c kh&aacute;c nh&#432 y t&#7871, b&#7843o hi&#7875m x&atilde; h&#7897i m&agrave; hi&#7879n nay ch&uacute;ng ta thu&#7897c lo&#7841i k&eacute;m kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 so v&#7899i c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n m&agrave; c&#7843 v&#7899i c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c &#273ang ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#7903 &#272&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;. V&#7845n &#273&#7873 n&agrave;y &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c &#272&#7841i h&#7897i XI c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng quan t&acirc;m, nh&#432ng t&#7915 ngh&#7883 quy&#7871t &#273&#7871n th&#7921c ti&#7877n cu&#7897c s&#7889ng kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i bao gi&#7901 c&#361ng thu&#7853n chi&#7873u. Do &#273&oacute;, c&#7847n ph&#7843i c&oacute; ti&#7871p s&#7913c m&#7841nh m&#7869 c&#7911a v&#259n h&oacute;a trong vi&#7879c &#273&#432a ngh&#7883 quy&#7871t c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng v&agrave;o cu&#7897c s&#7889ng b&#7857ng vi&#7879c h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh nh&#7919ng cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh tr&ecirc;n l&#297nh v&#7921c v&#259n h&oacute;a t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng, v&#259n h&oacute;a &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c, l&#7889i s&#7889ng&hellip; </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Ba v&#7845n &#273&#7873 n&ecirc;u tr&ecirc;n c&oacute; th&#7875 l&agrave; nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 n&#7893i b&#7853t nh&#7845t trong v&#259n h&oacute;a, c&#361ng l&agrave; nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 b&#7913c x&uacute;c c&#7911a th&#7921c ti&#7877n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c ta. Song, c&#361ng ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; nh&#7919ng &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i n&ecirc;u tr&ecirc;n, ch&uacute;ng ta c&#7847n ph&#7843i suy ngh&#297 ti&#7871p h&#7879 th&#7889ng quan &#273i&#7875m v&#7873 ch&#7913c n&#259ng v&#259n h&oacute;a trong t&#432 duy v&#259n h&oacute;a H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; quan &#273i&#7875m v&#259n h&oacute;a ch&#7881 &#273&#432&#7901ng, v&#259n h&oacute;a l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o, m&agrave; c&oacute; l&#7869 cho &#273&#7871n nay ch&uacute;ng ta v&#7851n ch&#432a th&#7845y h&#7871t chi&#7873u s&acirc;u c&#7911a n&oacute;. &Yacute; ngh&#297a c&#7911a tri&#7871t l&yacute; v&#259n h&oacute;a l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o, v&#259n h&oacute;a ch&#7881 &#273&#432&#7901ng trong t&#432 duy v&#259n h&oacute;a H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 r&#7897ng l&#7899n, c&oacute; t&iacute;nh bao qu&aacute;t t&#7915 vi&#7879c h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh nh&acirc;n c&aacute;ch v&#259n h&oacute;a &#273&#7871n v&#7845n &#273&#7873 x&acirc;y d&#7921ng v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c theo m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng con ng&#432&#7901i, ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng th&#7921c hi&#7879n d&acirc;n ch&#7911 v&agrave; c&ocirc;ng b&#7857ng x&atilde; h&#7897i, mang l&#7841i t&#7921 do, h&#7841nh ph&uacute;c th&#7853t s&#7921 cho con ng&#432&#7901i. T&#7915 &#273&oacute;, m&#7899i n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i v&#259n h&oacute;a hay ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i nh&acirc;n v&#259n./.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> <strong>PGS.TS TH&Agrave;NH DUY </strong><br /> </span><em><span style="font-family: Arial;">-------------------<br /> (1) C. M&aacute;c v&agrave; Ph. &#258ngghen: To&agrave;n t&#7853p, Nxb. CTQG, H, 1994, t.19, tr. 116-117.<br /> (2) H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh: To&agrave;n t&#7853p, (xu&#7845t b&#7843n l&#7847n th&#7913 hai), Nxb. CTQG, H, 1995, t. 10, tr. 392.<br /> (3) T&#7841p ch&iacute; Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#432a tin, UNESCO, 1994, s&#7889 10, tr. 34-36.</span></em></span></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> <em>(Theo T&#7841p ch&iacute; Tuy&ecirc;n gi&aacute;o)<br /> </em><br /> </span></span></div> </html>

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