Tư tưởng của V.I Lênin về công tác cán bộ

<html> <head> <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8'> <title> </title> </head> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><strong><span style="font-size: small;">T&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a V.I L&ecirc;nin v&#7873 c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897 <br /> </span></strong></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: small;">C&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897 l&agrave; m&#7897t ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a &#273&#7843ng c&#7897ng s&#7843n, nh&#7845t l&agrave; khi &#273&#7843ng &#273&atilde; gi&agrave;nh &#273&#432&#7907c ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n, c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897 kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 lo c&aacute;n b&#7897 cho &#272&#7843ng m&agrave; ph&#7843i lo cho c&#7843 h&#7879 th&#7889ng ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883. M&#7885i ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng t&#7915 tuy&#7875n ch&#7885n, &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o, b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng, s&#7855p x&#7871p, b&#7889 tr&iacute;, s&#7917 d&#7909ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 nh&#432 th&#7871 n&agrave;o &#273&#7875 kh&#417i d&#7853y &#273&#432&#7907c kh&#7843 n&#259ng c&#7911a t&#7915ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 v&agrave; c&#7911a c&#7843 &#273&#7897i ng&#361 l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c kh&ocirc;ng d&#7877 d&agrave;ng. &#272&oacute; l&agrave; m&#7897t khoa h&#7885c &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i l&agrave; m&#7897t ngh&#7879 thu&#7853t. <br /> <br /> Nh&#7919ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a V.I.L&ecirc;nin v&#7873 c&aacute;n b&#7897 v&agrave; c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#273&#432&#7907c tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y trong r&#7845t nhi&#7873u t&aacute;c ph&#7849m, nh&#7919ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng &#273&oacute; l&agrave; c&#7849m nang c&oacute; gi&aacute; tr&#7883 &#273&#7889i v&#7899i &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n (b) Nga v&agrave; c&aacute;c &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n &#7903 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c kh&aacute;c trong c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng &#273&#7843ng.</span></em></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><img height="336" width="362" alt="" src="Lenin.jpg" /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> <strong>1. L&#7921a ch&#7885n, tuy&#7875n d&#7909ng c&aacute;n b&#7897</strong><br /> <br /> Mu&#7889n c&oacute; &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&oacute; &#273&#7911 &#273&#7913c, &#273&#7911 t&agrave;i, v&#7845n &#273&#7873 l&#7921a ch&#7885n c&aacute;n b&#7897 l&agrave; m&#7897t kh&acirc;u r&#7845t quan tr&#7885ng. L&#7921a ch&#7885n c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&oacute; nh&#7919ng ph&#7849m ch&#7845t g&igrave;, trong t&#7915ng giai &#273o&#7841n th&igrave; ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849n n&agrave;o &#273&#432&#7907c quan t&acirc;m h&#417n? l&#7921a ch&#7885n c&aacute;n b&#7897 t&#7915 ngu&#7891n n&agrave;o? c&aacute;ch l&#7921a ch&#7885n? Trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh ch&#7881 &#273&#7841o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, V.I.L&ecirc;nin c&oacute; nhi&#7873u b&agrave;i &#273&#7873 c&#7853p c&aacute;c n&#7897i dung tr&ecirc;n.<br /> <br /> Trong l&#7921a ch&#7885n c&aacute;n b&#7897, &#273i&#7873u &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n c&#7847n ph&#7843i t&igrave;m nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; b&#7843n l&#297nh, n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng h&#7885 kh&oacute; c&oacute; th&#7875 v&#432&#7907t qua &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng kh&oacute; kh&#259n trong c&aacute;c giai &#273o&#7841n chuy&#7875n bi&#7871n c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng. Ch&#7881 v&#7899i b&#7843n l&#297nh ki&ecirc;n c&#432&#7901ng, t&#7845m l&ograve;ng s&#7855t son v&#7899i l&yacute; t&#432&#7903ng c&#7897ng s&#7843n, ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;n b&#7897 m&#7899i c&oacute; th&#7875 t&igrave;m m&#7885i c&aacute;ch &#273&#7875 &#273&#432a ngh&#7883 quy&#7871t c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng v&agrave;o cu&#7897c s&#7889ng m&#7897t c&aacute;ch hi&#7879u qu&#7843 nh&#7845t. Theo V.I.L&ecirc;nin, vi&#7879c t&igrave;m v&agrave; tuy&#7875n d&#7909ng nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&oacute; b&#7843n l&#297nh l&agrave; y&ecirc;u c&#7847u r&#7845t quan tr&#7885ng: &ldquo;Nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u con ng&#432&#7901i, t&igrave;m ra nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&oacute; b&#7843n l&#297nh. Hi&#7879n nay, &#273&oacute; l&agrave; then ch&#7889t n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng th&igrave; t&#7845t c&#7843 m&#7885i m&#7879nh l&#7879nh v&agrave; quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh s&#7869 ch&#7881 l&agrave; m&#7899 gi&#7845y l&#7897n&rdquo;[1].<br /> <br /> &#272&#7891ng th&#7901i v&#7899i vi&#7879c tuy&#7875n ch&#7885n &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&oacute; t&agrave;i, ph&#7843i t&igrave;m nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; kh&#7843 n&#259ng l&agrave;m c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c, h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh n&ecirc;n m&#7897t c&#417 quan chuy&ecirc;n thi&#7871t k&#7871 t&#7893 ch&#7913c b&#7897 m&aacute;y v&agrave; con ng&#432&#7901i th&#7921c hi&#7879n nh&#7919ng ch&#7913c n&#259ng, nhi&#7879m v&#7909 c&#7911a t&#7915ng c&#417 quan, t&#7893 ch&#7913c &#273&oacute;. V.I.L&ecirc;nin c&#361ng ch&#7881 r&otilde; ngu&#7891n &#273&#7875 tuy&#7875n ch&#7885n ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i trong qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n &ldquo;nhi&#7879m v&#7909 t&#7893 ch&#7913c c&#7911a ch&uacute;ng ta ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; &#7903 ch&#7895 t&igrave;m ra nh&#7919ng nh&agrave; l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o v&agrave; nh&#7919ng nh&agrave; t&#7893 ch&#7913c trong qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n. C&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c to l&#7899n, v&#297 &#273&#7841i &#7845y ng&agrave;y nay tr&#7903 n&ecirc;n c&#7845p thi&#7871t&rdquo;[2].<br /> <br /> V.I.L&ecirc;nin &#273&aacute;nh gi&aacute; cao &yacute; ngh&#297a v&agrave; t&#7847m quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n trong c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897. B&#7903i v&igrave; phong tr&agrave;o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#7911a qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng l&agrave; n&#417i s&#7843n sinh ra nhi&#7873u c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&oacute; &#273&#7913c, c&oacute; t&agrave;i. &#272i&#7873u quan tr&#7885ng n&#7919a l&agrave; h&#7885 &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7841i d&#432&#417ng qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng &#273&aacute;nh gi&aacute;, t&iacute;n nhi&#7879m, n&ecirc;n tuy&#7875n ch&#7885n h&#7885 s&#7869 y&ecirc;n t&acirc;m. V.I.L&ecirc;nin ch&#7881 r&otilde;: &ldquo;Nh&#7919ng c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n ti&ecirc;n ti&#7871n, &#273&#432&#7907c m&#7885i phong tr&agrave;o c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n &#273&#432a l&ecirc;n h&agrave;ng &#273&#7847u, th&igrave; ch&#7911 y&#7871u &#273&#7873u t&#7915 trong c&aacute;c t&#7847ng l&#7899p &#7845y m&agrave; ra; h&#7885 bi&#7871t tranh th&#7911 &#273&#432&#7907c l&ograve;ng tin c&#7853y ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n c&#7911a qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n, h&#7885 to&agrave;n t&acirc;m, to&agrave;n &yacute; ch&#259m lo gi&aacute;o d&#7909c v&agrave; t&#7893 ch&#7913c giai c&#7845p v&ocirc; s&#7843n, h&#7885 t&#7921 gi&aacute;c &#273i theo ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i;&hellip; M&#7885i phong tr&agrave;o c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n c&oacute; s&#7913c s&#7889ng &#273&#7873u &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o ra &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng l&atilde;nh t&#7909 c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n&rdquo;[3].<br /> <br /> V.I.L&ecirc;nin nh&#7853n th&#7845y nh&#7919ng ph&#7849m ch&#7845t c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng tuy&#7879t v&#7901i c&#7911a nhi&#7873u c&aacute;n b&#7897 xu&#7845t th&acirc;n t&#7915 giai c&#7845p c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n n&ecirc;n Ng&#432&#7901i cho r&#7857ng c&#7847n tuy&#7875n ch&#7885n v&agrave; &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o th&#7853t nhi&#7873u c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh nh&#7919ng nh&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng chuy&ecirc;n nghi&#7879p, &#273&#432a h&#7885 v&agrave;o c&aacute;c c&#417 quan c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng, c&#7911a X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t, th&#7853m ch&iacute; nh&#7919ng c&#417 quan c&#7921c k&#7923 quan tr&#7885ng nh&#432 Ban Ch&#7845p h&agrave;nh, B&#7897 d&acirc;n u&#7927 c&ocirc;ng n&ocirc;ng&hellip; T&#7841i &#272&#7841i h&#7897i III c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng C&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n X&atilde; h&#7897i - d&acirc;n ch&#7911 Nga, ng&agrave;y 12-4-1905, V.I.L&ecirc;nin nh&#7845n m&#7841nh &ldquo;&#272&#432a c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n v&agrave;o c&aacute;c ban ch&#7845p h&agrave;nh kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&agrave; m&#7897t nhi&#7879m v&#7909 gi&aacute;o d&#7909c, m&agrave; c&ograve;n l&agrave; m&#7897t nhi&#7879m v&#7909 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883: c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n c&oacute; b&#7843n n&#259ng giai c&#7845p, v&agrave; do &iacute;t th&#7911 c&#7921u v&#7873 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 n&ecirc;n h&#7885 c&oacute; th&#7875 kh&aacute; nhanh ch&oacute;ng tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i x&atilde; h&#7897i - d&acirc;n ch&#7911 ki&ecirc;n &#273&#7883nh. T&ocirc;i r&#7845t t&aacute;n th&agrave;nh n&#7871u trong c&aacute;c ban ch&#7845p h&agrave;nh c&#7911a ta c&#7913 hai tr&iacute; th&#7913c th&igrave; c&oacute; t&aacute;m c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n&rdquo;.<br /> <br /> Trong vi&#7879c l&#7921a ch&#7885n c&aacute;n b&#7897, V.I.L&ecirc;nin &#273&#7873 cao nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c d&acirc;n ch&#7911 m&agrave; n&#7897i dung c&#7911a n&oacute; l&agrave; n&ecirc;u cao vai tr&ograve; c&#7911a qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng, c&#7847n c&oacute; c&#417 ch&#7871 th&iacute;ch h&#7907p &#273&#7875 qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng c&oacute; &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n gi&#7899i thi&#7879u c&aacute;n b&#7897 cho &#272&#7843ng, ki&#7875m tra ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a c&aacute;n b&#7897 v&agrave; n&#7871u c&aacute;n b&#7897 n&agrave;o kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#7911 t&#432 c&aacute;ch th&igrave; qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng c&oacute; quy&#7873n b&atilde;i mi&#7877n. Ng&#432&#7901i n&oacute;i: &ldquo;&hellip; qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng ph&#7843i c&oacute; quy&#7873n &#273&#432&#7907c t&#7921 m&igrave;nh c&#7917 ra nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&oacute; tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879m. Qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng ph&#7843i c&oacute; quy&#7873n &#273&#432&#7907c thay &#273&#7893i nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&#7911a m&igrave;nh, ph&#7843i c&oacute; quy&#7873n &#273&#432&#7907c hi&#7875u r&otilde; v&agrave; ki&#7875m tra m&#7895i m&#7897t b&#432&#7899c nh&#7887 nh&#7845t trong ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i &#273&oacute;. Qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng ph&#7843i c&oacute; quy&#7873n &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7873 b&#7841t trong n&#7897i b&#7897 c&#7911a h&#7885 b&#7845t k&#7923 m&#7897t c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n n&agrave;o l&ecirc;n ph&#7909 tr&aacute;ch ch&#7913c v&#7909 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o&rdquo;[4].<br /> <strong><br /> 2. &#272&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c&aacute;n b&#7897</strong><br /> <br /> Theo V.I.L&ecirc;nin, tr&#432&#7899c khi s&#7917 d&#7909ng, &#273&#7873 b&#7841t c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&#7847n ph&#7843i quan t&acirc;m &#273&#7871n ph&#7849m ch&#7845t, tr&igrave;nh &#273&#7897 v&agrave; n&#259ng l&#7921c c&#7911a ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;n b&#7897. Ph&#7843i t&igrave;m hi&#7875u k&#7929 c&agrave;ng nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#7845y v&#7873 nhi&#7873u m&#7863t, ch&#7913 kh&ocirc;ng xem x&eacute;t m&#7897t c&aacute;ch phi&#7871n di&#7879n, ch&#7911 quan. B&#7857ng ch&#7913ng s&#7889ng &#273&#7897ng v&#7873 vi&#7879c &#273&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c&aacute;n b&#7897 m&#7897t c&aacute;ch kh&aacute;ch quan, khoa h&#7885c l&agrave; tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p V.I.L&ecirc;nin x&eacute;t b&#7893 nhi&#7879m V.G. Ia -c&ocirc;-ven-c&ocirc;, m&#7897t n&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n &#7903 Xi-b&ecirc;-ri l&agrave;m u&#7927 vi&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n B&#7897 D&acirc;n u&#7927 n&ocirc;ng nghi&#7879p v&agrave;o cu&#7889i th&aacute;ng 12-1921. V.I.L&ecirc;nin &#273&aacute;nh gi&aacute;, nh&#7853n x&eacute;t ng&#432&#7901i n&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n n&agrave;y tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;c ti&ecirc;u ch&iacute;: kinh nghi&#7879m, s&#7921 t&ocirc;n tr&#7885ng c&#7911a n&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n, ki&#7871n th&#7913c kinh t&#7871, t&iacute;nh ki&ecirc;n quy&#7871t, tr&iacute; th&ocirc;ng minh, l&ograve;ng trung th&agrave;nh v&#7899i ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t.<br /> <br /> Trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, L&ecirc;nin &#273&atilde; &#273&#432a ra nh&#7919ng nh&#7853n x&eacute;t, &#273&aacute;nh gi&aacute; v&#7873 m&#7897t s&#7889 c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&#7909 th&#7875, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 cao c&#7845p trong b&#7897 m&aacute;y c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t nh&#432 Xta-lin, T&#417-r&#7889t-xki, Bu-kha-rin&hellip; Trong nh&#7919ng b&#7913c th&#432 v&agrave; b&agrave;i b&aacute;o cu&#7889i c&ugrave;ng c&#7911a V.I.L&ecirc;nin vi&#7871t t&#7915 ng&agrave;y 23-12-1922 &#273&#7871n ng&agrave;y 2-3-1923 cho th&#7845y V.I.L&ecirc;nin r&#7845t quan t&acirc;m &#273&#7871n vi&#7879c &#273&aacute;nh gi&aacute;, s&#7917 d&#7909ng &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 sao cho ph&aacute;t huy &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng &#432u &#273i&#7875m, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i kh&#7855c ph&#7909c &#273&#432&#7907c h&#7841n ch&#7871 c&#7911a t&#7915ng c&aacute;n b&#7897, t&#7841o n&ecirc;n m&#7897t t&#7853p th&#7875 &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t, v&#7919ng m&#7841nh. V&#7873 Xta-lin, V.I.L&ecirc;nin n&oacute;i: &ldquo;&#272&#7891ng ch&iacute; Xta-lin, sau khi tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh T&#7893ng B&iacute; th&#432, &#273&atilde; t&#7853p trung trong tay m&igrave;nh quy&#7873n h&#7841n r&#7897ng l&#7899n v&agrave; t&ocirc;i kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7855c r&#7857ng &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; &#7845y l&uacute;c n&agrave;o c&#361ng bi&#7871t s&#7917 d&#7909ng quy&#7873n h&#7841n &#7845y m&#7897t c&aacute;ch th&#7853n tr&#7885ng &#273&uacute;ng m&#7913c&rdquo;. Trong khi &#273&oacute;, nh&#7853n x&eacute;t v&#7873 T&#417-r&#7889t-xki, V.I.L&ecirc;nin cho r&#7857ng &ldquo;&hellip; n&eacute;t n&#7893i b&#7853t c&#7911a &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; T&#417-r&#7889t-xki - nh&#432 cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh c&#7911a &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; &#7845y ch&#7889ng l&#7841i Ban Ch&#7845p h&agrave;nh Trung &#432&#417ng v&#7873 v&#7845n &#273&#7873 B&#7897 D&acirc;n &#7911y giao th&ocirc;ng &#273&atilde; cho th&#7845y r&otilde; - kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i ch&#7881 l&agrave; nh&#7919ng kh&#7843 n&#259ng xu&#7845t s&#7855c. X&eacute;t v&#7873 c&aacute; nh&acirc;n, c&oacute; l&#7869 &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; &#7845y l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; n&#259ng l&#7921c nh&#7845t trong Ban Ch&#7845p h&agrave;nh Trung &#432&#417ng hi&#7879n nay, nh&#432ng l&#7841i l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i t&#7921 tin qu&aacute; &#273&aacute;ng v&agrave; say m&ecirc; qu&aacute; m&#7913c m&#7863t thu&#7847n t&uacute;y h&agrave;nh ch&iacute;nh c&#7911a c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c&rdquo;[5]. Nh&#7901 c&oacute; nh&#7919ng nh&#7853n x&eacute;t x&aacute;c &#273&aacute;ng v&#7873 t&#7915ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 nh&#432 v&#7853y, V.I.L&ecirc;nin &#273&atilde; ch&#7881 &#273&#7841o &#273&#7875 Ban Ch&#7845p h&agrave;nh Trung &#432&#417ng c&oacute; bi&#7879n ph&aacute;p gi&#7843i quy&#7871t v&#7845n &#273&#7873 c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng. V.I.L&ecirc;nin nh&#7853n x&eacute;t v&#7873 m&#7897t s&#7889 c&aacute;n b&#7897 tr&#7867: &ldquo;Trong s&#7889 c&aacute;c &#7911y vi&ecirc;n trung &#432&#417ng tr&#7867, t&ocirc;i mu&#7889n n&oacute;i v&agrave;i l&#7901i v&#7873 Bu-kha-rin v&agrave; Pi-a-ta-c&#7889p. Theo t&ocirc;i, &#273&oacute; l&agrave; nh&#7919ng l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng xu&#7845t s&#7855c nh&#7845t&hellip;, v&agrave; v&#7873 c&aacute;c &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; n&agrave;y, c&#7847n nh&#7899 &#273i&#7873u sau &#273&acirc;y: Bu-kha-rin kh&ocirc;ng nh&#7919ng l&agrave; m&#7897t nh&agrave; l&yacute; lu&#7853n qu&yacute; nh&#7845t v&agrave; l&#7899n nh&#7845t c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng ta, m&agrave; c&ograve;n &#273&aacute;ng &#273&#432&#7907c coi l&agrave; con ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#432&#7907c to&agrave;n &#272&#7843ng y&ecirc;u m&#7871n, nh&#432ng r&#7845t kh&oacute; c&oacute; th&#7875 x&#7871p nh&#7919ng quan &#273i&#7875m l&yacute; lu&#7853n c&#7911a &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; &#7845y v&agrave;o lo&#7841i nh&#7919ng quan &#273i&#7875m ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n m&aacute;c-x&iacute;t, v&igrave; &#7903 &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; &#7845y c&oacute; m&#7897t c&aacute;i g&igrave; kinh vi&#7879n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a&hellip; Sau n&#7919a l&agrave; Pi-a-ta-c&#7889p, m&#7897t con ng&#432&#7901i r&otilde; r&agrave;ng l&agrave; c&oacute; &yacute; ch&iacute; l&#7895i l&#7841c v&agrave; c&oacute; kh&#7843 n&#259ng xu&#7845t ch&uacute;ng, nh&#432ng l&#7841i qu&aacute; &#432 say m&ecirc; v&#7899i c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c h&agrave;nh ch&iacute;nh v&agrave; m&#7863t h&agrave;nh ch&iacute;nh c&#7911a c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c, n&ecirc;n kh&oacute; m&agrave; c&oacute; th&#7875 d&#7921a v&agrave;o &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; &#7845y trong nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 quan tr&#7885ng&rdquo;[6].<br /> <br /> M&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng ch&#7911 th&#7875 &#273&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#273&#432&#7907c V.I.L&ecirc;nin r&#7845t quan t&acirc;m l&agrave; qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng n&agrave;y r&#7845t &#273&ocirc;ng v&agrave; h&#7857ng ng&agrave;y c&oacute; th&#7875 theo d&otilde;i, n&#7855m b&#7855t &#273&#432&#7907c c&aacute;c m&#7863t ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a c&aacute;n b&#7897. V&igrave; v&#7853y, V.I.L&ecirc;nin y&ecirc;u c&#7847u qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng ph&#7843i c&oacute; quy&#7873n nh&#7853n x&eacute;t, &#273&aacute;nh gi&aacute; c&aacute;n b&#7897. Nh&#7919ng &yacute; ki&#7871n c&#7911a qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng &#273&#432&#7907c V.I.L&ecirc;nin v&agrave; &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n (b) Nga r&#7845t coi tr&#7885ng khi ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh thanh &#272&#7843ng: &ldquo;&hellip; &#273&#7889i v&#7899i vi&#7879c &#273&aacute;nh gi&aacute; ng&#432&#7901i v&agrave; g&#7841t b&#7887 nh&#7919ng k&#7867 &ldquo;chui v&agrave;o &#273&#7843ng&rdquo;, b&#7885n &ldquo;l&agrave;m quan&rdquo;, b&#7885n &#273&atilde; b&#7883 &ldquo;quan li&ecirc;u h&oacute;a&rdquo;, th&igrave; nh&#7919ng l&#7901i ch&#7881 d&#7851n c&#7911a qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng v&ocirc; s&#7843n ngo&agrave;i &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; trong nhi&#7873u tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p th&igrave; c&#7843 nh&#7919ng l&#7901i ch&#7881 d&#7851n c&#7911a qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng n&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n ngo&agrave;i &#272&#7843ng n&#7919a, l&agrave; r&#7845t qu&yacute; b&aacute;u. V&#7899i m&#7897t s&#7921 nh&#7841y c&#7843m r&#7845t t&agrave;i t&igrave;nh, qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng c&#7847n lao n&#7855m &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7921 kh&aacute;c nhau gi&#7919a nh&#7919ng &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n c&#7897ng s&#7843n trung th&#7921c, t&#7853n t&#7909y v&agrave; nh&#7919ng k&#7867 &#273ang l&agrave;m cho nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i sinh s&#7889ng b&#7857ng m&#7891 h&ocirc;i n&#432&#7899c m&#7855t c&#7911a m&igrave;nh, nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ch&uacute;t &#273&#7863c quy&#7873n &#273&#7863c l&#7907i, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; &ldquo;&#273&#432&#7901ng th&#259ng quan ti&#7871n ch&#7913c&rdquo;, ph&#7843i ch&aacute;n gh&eacute;t. Thanh &#273&#7843ng b&#7857ng c&aacute;ch ch&uacute; tr&#7885ng &#273&#7871n nh&#7919ng l&#7901i ch&#7881 d&#7851n c&#7911a nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i lao &#273&#7897ng ngo&agrave;i &#272&#7843ng l&agrave; m&#7897t vi&#7879c l&#7899n&hellip;&rdquo;[7].<br /> <br /> <strong>3. &#272&agrave;o t&#7841o, b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng c&aacute;n b&#7897</strong><br /> <br /> &#272&agrave;o t&#7841o, b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c th&#432&#7901ng xuy&ecirc;n v&agrave; ph&#7843i &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7847u t&#432, quan t&acirc;m th&iacute;ch &#273&aacute;ng. Trong c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c n&agrave;y, V.I.L&ecirc;nin r&#7845t ch&uacute; &yacute; &#273&#7871n n&#7897i dung v&agrave; c&aacute;ch th&#7913c, ph&#432&#417ng ph&aacute;p d&#7841y v&agrave; h&#7885c sao cho c&oacute; hi&#7879u qu&#7843 v&agrave; thi&#7871t th&#7921c, &#273&aacute;p &#7913ng t&#7889t nh&#7845t y&ecirc;u c&#7847u c&#7911a nhi&#7879m v&#7909 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 trong t&#7915ng giai &#273o&#7841n.<br /> <br /> Theo V.I.L&ecirc;nin, v&#7899i t&#7915ng &#273&#7889i t&#432&#7907ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 kh&aacute;c nhau th&igrave; n&#7897i dung &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o, b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng c&#361ng kh&aacute;c nhau. Trong giai &#273o&#7841n &#273&#7847u khi c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng m&#7899i th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng, h&#7847u h&#7871t c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#273&#7873u ph&#7843i h&#7885c v&#259n ho&aacute;, h&#7885c l&yacute; lu&#7853n. Theo V.I.L&ecirc;nin, ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n &ldquo;ch&#7881 c&oacute; th&#7875 th&#7921c hi&#7879n &#273&#432&#7907c tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 m&#7897t n&#7873n h&#7885c v&#7845n hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i, v&agrave; n&#7871u h&#7885 kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; n&#7873n h&#7885c v&#7845n &#273&oacute;, th&igrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n v&#7851n ch&#7881 l&agrave; m&#7897t &#432&#7899c nguy&#7879n m&agrave; th&ocirc;i&rdquo;. &#272&#7891ng th&#7901i, c&#7847n kh&ocirc;ng ng&#7915ng n&acirc;ng cao tr&igrave;nh &#273&#7897 cho c&aacute;n b&#7897 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o, qu&#7843n l&yacute;,&nbsp; b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng ki&#7871n th&#7913c v&#7873 qu&#7843n l&yacute; kinh t&#7871, qu&#7843n l&yacute; x&atilde; h&#7897i. &ldquo;Nhi&#7879m v&#7909 c&#7911a ch&uacute;ng ta l&agrave; qua th&iacute; nghi&#7879m m&agrave; thu h&uacute;t nhi&#7873u chuy&ecirc;n gia, r&#7891i b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng l&#7899p c&aacute;n b&#7897 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o m&#7899i, l&#7899p chuy&ecirc;n gia m&#7899i &#273&#7875 h&#7885 h&#7885c cho b&#7857ng &#273&#432&#7907c c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c qu&#7843n l&yacute;, m&#7897t c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c m&#7899i, h&#7871t s&#7913c kh&oacute; kh&#259n, ph&#7913c t&#7841p, &#273&#7875 thay th&#7871 chuy&ecirc;n gia c&#361&rdquo;[8]. &#272&#7889i v&#7899i nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 m&#7899i, th&igrave; ph&#7843i gi&uacute;p &#273&#7905 h&#7885 ph&aacute;t huy kh&#7843 n&#259ng - t&agrave;i t&#7893 ch&#7913c th&#7921c t&#7871, &#273&#7875 c&oacute; th&#7875 b&#7889 tr&iacute;, &#273&#7873 b&#7841t l&ecirc;n nh&#7919ng ch&#7913c v&#7909 cao trong qu&#7843n l&yacute; nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c; c&aacute;n b&#7897 ph&#7909 tr&aacute;ch s&#7843n xu&#7845t, ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n kinh t&#7871 c&#7847n ph&#7843i h&#7885c m&#7885i c&aacute;i, t&#7915 nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7873u s&#417 &#273&#7859ng nh&#7845t tr&#7903 &#273i nh&#432 vi&#7879c bu&ocirc;n b&aacute;n, qu&#7843n l&yacute; v&agrave; t&#7893 ch&#7913c c&aacute;c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng s&#7843n xu&#7845t: &ldquo;&hellip; ch&uacute;ng ta c&#7847n ph&#7843i mang theo nh&#7853n th&#7913c ch&#7855c ch&#7855n r&#7857ng ch&uacute;ng ta kh&ocirc;ng bi&#7871t bu&ocirc;n b&aacute;n v&agrave; ch&uacute;ng ta ph&#7843i h&#7885c t&#7853p bu&ocirc;n b&aacute;n, b&#7855t &#273&#7847u t&#7915 a, b, c&hellip; v&agrave; ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; th&#7875 hi&#7875u &#273&#432&#7907c c&aacute;i ch&acirc;n l&yacute; gi&#7843n &#273&#417n l&agrave; khi &#273&#7843m nh&#7853n m&#7897t nhi&#7879m v&#7909 c&#7921c k&#7923 kh&oacute; kh&#259n v&agrave; m&#7899i m&#7867 &#273&#7889i v&#7899i ch&uacute;ng ta, th&igrave; ch&uacute;ng ta ph&#7843i bi&#7871t l&agrave;m &#273i l&agrave;m l&#7841i nhi&#7873u l&#7847n, ngay t&#7915 &#273&#7847u tr&#7903 &#273i&hellip; kh&ocirc;ng n&ecirc;n l&ecirc;n m&#7863t m&igrave;nh l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i c&#7897ng s&#7843n&hellip;&rdquo;[9]. &#272&#7889i v&#7899i nh&#7919ng u&#7927 vi&ecirc;n Ban Ki&#7875m tra Trung &#432&#417ng &ldquo;ph&#7843i h&#7885c l&yacute; lu&#7853n, ngh&#297a l&agrave; l&yacute; lu&#7853n v&#7873 t&#7893 ch&#7913c c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c m&agrave; h&#7885 c&oacute; &yacute; &#273&#7883nh chuy&ecirc;n l&agrave;m&rdquo;. &#272&#7889i v&#7899i thanh ni&ecirc;n n&oacute;i chung v&agrave; c&#7911a &#273o&agrave;n thanh ni&ecirc;n c&#7897ng s&#7843n n&oacute;i ri&ecirc;ng, V.I.L&ecirc;nin cho r&#7857ng h&#7885 c&oacute; vai tr&ograve; c&#7921c k&#7923 quan tr&#7885ng trong s&#7921 nghi&#7879p x&acirc;y d&#7921ng ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i, ph&#7843i h&#7885c ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, V.I.L&ecirc;nin ph&ecirc; ph&aacute;n c&aacute;ch h&#7885c ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#7911a giai c&#7845p v&ocirc; s&#7843n, h&#7885c kh&ocirc;ng &#273i &#273&ocirc;i v&#7899i h&agrave;nh &ldquo;N&#7871u h&#7885c ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n ch&#7881 l&agrave; n&#7855m &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng c&aacute;i &#273&atilde; tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y trong c&aacute;c t&aacute;c ph&#7849m v&agrave; s&aacute;ch v&#7903 n&oacute;i v&#7873 ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n th&igrave; ch&uacute;ng ta r&#7845t d&#7877 t&#7841o ra nh&#7919ng t&ecirc;n m&#7885t s&aacute;ch hay nh&#7919ng k&#7867 kho&aacute;c l&aacute;c v&#7873 ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n v&agrave; nh&#432 th&#7871 th&igrave; th&#432&#7901ng l&agrave; nguy h&#7841i v&agrave; t&#7893n th&#7845t cho ch&uacute;ng ta&hellip;&rdquo;[10]. Ng&#432&#7901i kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh &ldquo;Ng&#432&#7901i ta ch&#7881 c&oacute; th&#7875 tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh ng&#432&#7901i c&#7897ng s&#7843n khi bi&#7871t l&agrave;m gi&agrave;u tr&iacute; &oacute;c c&#7911a m&igrave;nh b&#7857ng s&#7921 hi&#7875u bi&#7871t t&#7845t c&#7843 nh&#7919ng kho t&agrave;ng tri th&#7913c m&agrave; nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i &#273&atilde; t&#7841o ra&rdquo;[11]. V&igrave; v&#7853y, m&#7895i c&aacute;n b&#7897 ph&#7843i coi tr&#7885ng vi&#7879c t&#7921 h&#7885c, ph&#7843i h&#7845p th&#7909 nh&#7919ng ki&#7871n th&#7913c m&#7897t c&aacute;ch c&oacute; ph&ecirc; ph&aacute;n v&agrave; g&#7855n l&yacute; thuy&#7871t v&#7899i ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng th&#7921c ti&#7877n &#273&#7875 &#273&#7847u &oacute;c kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i ch&#7845t &#273&#7847y m&#7897t m&#7899 h&#7893 l&#7889n v&ocirc; &iacute;ch, m&#7895i c&aacute;n b&#7897 trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh h&#7885c t&#7853p v&agrave; t&#7921 h&#7885c t&#7853p &ldquo;ph&#7843i l&agrave;m sao cho h&#7885c th&#7913c th&#7853t s&#7921 &#259n s&acirc;u v&agrave;o tr&iacute; n&atilde;o, ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n v&agrave; th&#7921c t&#7871 tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh m&#7897t b&#7897 ph&#7853n kh&#259ng kh&iacute;t c&#7911a cu&#7897c s&#7889ng c&#7911a ch&uacute;ng ta&rdquo;[12].<br /> <br /> &#272&#7875 th&#7921c hi&#7879n &#273&#432&#7907c n&#7897i dung gi&aacute;o d&#7909c, &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o &#273&oacute; c&#7847n ph&#7843i thay &#273&#7893i ph&#432&#417ng ph&aacute;p d&#7841y v&agrave; h&#7885c, &#273&#7893i m&#7899i &#273&#7897i ng&#361 nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i l&agrave;m c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c gi&aacute;o d&#7909c. &#272i&#7873u &#273&oacute; &#273&#432&#7907c V.I.L&ecirc;nin ch&#7881 r&otilde; trong t&aacute;c ph&#7849m Nhi&#7879m v&#7909 c&#7911a &#273o&agrave;n thanh ni&ecirc;n: &ldquo;&hellip; vi&#7879c d&#7841y d&#7895, gi&aacute;o d&#7909c v&agrave; r&egrave;n luy&#7879n th&#7871 h&#7879 m&#7899i, nh&#7919ng th&#7871 h&#7879 s&#7869 x&acirc;y d&#7921ng x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7897ng s&#7843n, kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 &#273&#7875 nguy&ecirc;n nh&#432 tr&#432&#7899c &#273&#432&#7907c&hellip; ch&uacute;ng ta ph&#7843i nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u k&#7929 l&#432&#7905ng nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 ch&uacute;ng ta ph&#7843i d&#7841y nh&#7919ng g&igrave; v&agrave; thanh ni&ecirc;n ph&#7843i h&#7885c nh&#432 th&#7871 n&agrave;o n&#7871u h&#7885 th&#7853t s&#7921 mu&#7889n t&#7887 ra x&#7913ng &#273&aacute;ng v&#7899i danh hi&#7879u thanh ni&ecirc;n c&#7897ng s&#7843n, v&agrave; ch&uacute;ng ta ph&#7843i chu&#7849n b&#7883 cho thanh ni&ecirc;n nh&#432 th&#7871 n&agrave;o &#273&#7875 cho h&#7885 bi&#7871t x&acirc;y d&#7921ng &#273&#7871n c&ugrave;ng v&agrave; ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh tri&#7879t &#273&#7875 c&aacute;i s&#7921 nghi&#7879p m&agrave; ch&uacute;ng ta &#273&atilde; b&#7855t &#273&#7847u&rdquo;[13].<br /> <br /> Trong t&aacute;c ph&#7849m &quot;Th&agrave; &iacute;t m&agrave; t&#7889t&quot;, V.I.L&ecirc;nin cho r&#7857ng c&#7847n ph&#7843i l&#7921a ch&#7885n nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&oacute; tr&igrave;nh &#273&#7897, kinh nghi&#7879m, ho&#7863c nh&#7919ng gi&aacute;o s&#432&hellip; &#273&#7875 h&#432&#7899ng d&#7851n, &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o nh&#7919ng u&#7927 vi&ecirc;n Ban Ki&#7875m tra Trung &#432&#417ng. Nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 n&agrave;y &ldquo;ph&#7843i th&#7921c t&#7853p d&#432&#7899i s&#7921 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o ho&#7863c c&#7911a nh&#7919ng &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; c&oacute; kinh nghi&#7879m, ho&#7863c c&#7911a nh&#7919ng gi&aacute;o s&#432 c&aacute;c vi&#7879n nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u cao c&#7845p v&#7873 t&#7893 ch&#7913c lao &#273&#7897ng&rdquo;[14].<br /> <br /> &#272&#7875 &#273&#7841o t&#7841o &#273&#7897i ng&#361 chuy&ecirc;n gia m&#7899i c&oacute; th&#7875 &#273&#7843m &#273&#432&#417ng &#273&#432&#7907c nhi&#7879m v&#7909 c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, thay th&#7871 nh&#7919ng chuy&ecirc;n gia t&#432 s&#7843n m&agrave; ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t &#273ang s&#7917 d&#7909ng, ngo&agrave;i t&#259ng c&#432&#7901ng &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o trong n&#432&#7899c, V.I.L&ecirc;nin th&#7845y r&#7857ng c&#7847n ph&#7843i m&#7841nh d&#7841n c&#7917 c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#273i &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o &#7903 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c t&#432 b&#7843n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n. V&#7899i t&#7847m nh&igrave;n tr&iacute; tu&#7879 c&#7911a m&#7897t thi&ecirc;n t&agrave;i, khi nh&#7853n th&#7845y vi&#7879c c&#7843i ti&#7871n b&#7897 m&aacute;y c&#7911a B&#7897 D&acirc;n u&#7927 thanh tra c&ocirc;ng n&ocirc;ng kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; hi&#7879u qu&#7843 g&igrave;, Ng&#432&#7901i y&ecirc;u c&#7847u ph&#7843i &ldquo;C&#7917 m&#7897t v&agrave;i ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; n&#259ng l&#7921c v&agrave; t&#7853n t&acirc;m sang &#272&#7913c hay sang Anh &#273&#7875 s&#432u t&#7847m t&agrave;i li&#7879u v&agrave; nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u v&#7845n &#273&#7873. T&ocirc;i n&oacute;i sang Anh, trong tr&#432&#7901ng h&#7907p kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 sang M&#7929 hay Ca-na-&#273a &#273&#432&#7907c&rdquo;[15]. C&#7917 c&aacute;n b&#7897 tr&#7867 c&oacute; ph&#7849m ch&#7845t ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 t&#7889t &#273i &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o &#7903 n&#432&#7899c ngo&agrave;i, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t &#7903 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c t&#432 b&#7843n ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n nh&#7845t l&agrave; vi&#7879c l&agrave;m m&#7841nh d&#7841n, d&aacute;m ngh&#297, d&aacute;m l&agrave;m, d&aacute;m ch&#7883u tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879m c&#7911a ng&#432&#7901i l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o cao nh&#7845t l&uacute;c b&#7845y gi&#7901. Ch&#7881 c&oacute; th&#7921c hi&#7879n t&#7889t c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o &#273&oacute;, ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t m&#7899i nhanh ch&oacute;ng c&oacute; &#273&#7911 &#273&#7897i ng&#361 chuy&ecirc;n gia m&#7899i - kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 c&oacute; ph&#7849m ch&#7845t ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 t&#7889t m&agrave; c&ograve;n c&oacute; hi&#7875u bi&#7871t s&acirc;u v&#7873 qu&#7843n l&yacute; nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c, t&#7893 ch&#7913c v&agrave; qu&#7843n l&yacute; n&#7873n kinh t&#7871, gi&uacute;p cho n&#432&#7899c Nga nhanh ch&oacute;ng tho&aacute;t kh&#7887i t&igrave;nh tr&#7841ng ngh&egrave;o n&agrave;n, l&#7841c h&#7853u.<br /> <br /> <strong>4. S&#7917 d&#7909ng, b&#7889 tr&iacute;, &#273&#7873 b&#7841t c&aacute;n b&#7897</strong><br /> <br /> Theo V.I.L&ecirc;nin, c&#7847n ph&#7843i b&#7889 tr&iacute;, s&#7917 d&#7909ng &#273&uacute;ng n&#259ng l&#7921c c&#7911a t&#7915ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 ph&ugrave; h&#7907p v&#7899i v&#7883 tr&iacute;, t&iacute;nh ch&#7845t c&#7911a t&#7915ng c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c, nhi&#7879m v&#7909. Nh&#7845t l&agrave;, nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 gi&#7919 c&#432&#417ng v&#7883 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o ch&#7911 ch&#7889t c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n (b) Nga v&agrave; ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t. V&#7899i kinh nghi&#7879m, t&iacute;nh nh&#7841y c&#7843m ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 s&acirc;u s&#7855c c&#7911a m&igrave;nh, V.I.L&ecirc;nin r&#7845t hi&#7875u tr&igrave;nh &#273&#7897, n&#259ng l&#7921c v&agrave; ph&#7849m ch&#7845t c&#7911a nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 do m&igrave;nh &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o, b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng. Bi&#7871t Xta-lin l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; t&agrave;i nh&#432ng l&#7841i n&oacute;ng t&iacute;nh, th&ocirc; b&#7841o, v&igrave; v&#7853y V.I.L&ecirc;nin cho r&#7857ng c&#7847n chuy&#7875n Xta-lin ra kh&#7887i c&#432&#417ng v&#7883 t&#7893ng b&iacute; th&#432 v&agrave; thay th&#7871 b&#7857ng m&#7897t &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; kh&aacute;c, &ldquo;&hellip; m&#7897t ng&#432&#7901i m&agrave; v&#7873 m&#7885i ph&#432&#417ng di&#7879n kh&aacute;c tr&#7897i h&#417n &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; Xta-lin &#7903 m&#7897t &#432u &#273i&#7875m duy nh&#7845t, c&#7909 th&#7875 l&agrave; khoan dung h&#417n, t&#7915 t&#7889n h&#417n, l&#7883ch thi&#7879p h&#417n v&agrave; quan t&acirc;m &#273&#7871n &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; nhi&#7873u h&#417n, t&iacute;nh t&igrave;nh &iacute;t th&#7845t th&#432&#7901ng h&#417n&hellip;&rdquo;[16].<br /> <br /> + S&#7917 d&#7909ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 n&#7919: Trong c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897, V.I.L&ecirc;nin ch&#7881 r&otilde; ph&#7843i thu h&uacute;t ph&#7909 n&#7919 - l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng &#273&ocirc;ng &#273&#7843o chi&#7871m m&#7897t n&#7917a d&acirc;n s&#7889 - tham gia c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c qu&#7843n l&yacute; kinh t&#7871, qu&#7843n l&yacute; nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c th&igrave; m&#7899i th&#7921c hi&#7879n &#273&#432&#7907c b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng nam n&#7919 trong x&atilde; h&#7897i m&#7899i. Khi vi&#7871t v&#7873 nhi&#7879m v&#7909 c&#7911a phong tr&agrave;o n&#7919 c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n n&#432&#7899c c&#7897ng h&ograve;a X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t, V.I.L&ecirc;nin kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh: Hi&#7879n nay ch&uacute;ng ta &#273ang l&agrave;m c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c chu&#7849n b&#7883 m&#7897t c&aacute;ch c&#7849n th&#7853n cho vi&#7879c d&#7885n s&#7841ch n&#7873n m&oacute;ng &#273&#7875 x&acirc;y d&#7921ng ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i, m&agrave; b&#7843n th&acirc;n vi&#7879c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a ch&#7881 c&oacute; th&#7875 b&#7855t &#273&#7847u khi n&agrave;o ch&uacute;ng ta l&agrave;m cho ph&#7909 n&#7919 &#273&#432&#7907c ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng, khi n&agrave;o ch&uacute;ng ta b&#7855t tay v&agrave;o c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c m&#7899i c&ugrave;ng v&#7899i ng&#432&#7901i ph&#7909 n&#7919 &#273&atilde; tho&aacute;t kh&#7887i nh&#7919ng c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c v&#7909n v&#7863t kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; t&iacute;nh ch&#7845t s&#7843n xu&#7845t, khi&#7871n cho ng&#432&#7901i ta m&#7909 &#273i, c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c &#273&oacute; ch&uacute;ng ta ph&#7843i l&agrave;m trong nhi&#7873u n&#259m. &#272&#7891ng th&#7901i, V.I.L&ecirc;nin c&#361ng ch&#7881 ra m&#7897t s&#7889 bi&#7879n ph&aacute;p c&#7909 th&#7875 &#273&#7875 ph&#7909 n&#7919 tham gia ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng nhi&#7873u h&#417n v&agrave;o c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t, Ng&#432&#7901i cho r&#7857ng ph&#7843i b&#7847u nhi&#7873u n&#7919 c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n h&#417n n&#7919a v&agrave;o X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t k&#7875 c&#7843 nh&#7919ng n&#7919 c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n ch&#432a ph&#7843i l&agrave; &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n, mi&#7877n l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i ph&#7909 n&#7919 &#273&oacute; l&agrave; m&#7897t c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n trung th&#7921c, bi&#7871t l&agrave;m vi&#7879c m&#7897t c&aacute;ch c&oacute; k&#7871t qu&#7843 v&agrave; t&#7853n t&acirc;m. Giai c&#7845p v&ocirc; s&#7843n c&#7847n &yacute; th&#7913c &#273&#432&#7907c r&#7857ng: &ldquo;giai c&#7845p v&ocirc; s&#7843n s&#7869 kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#7841t &#273&#432&#7907c t&#7921 do ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n, n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng gi&agrave;nh &#273&#432&#7907c ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n t&#7921 do cho ph&#7909 n&#7919&rdquo;.<br /> <br /> + Coi tr&#7885ng &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o, s&#7917 d&#7909ng &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 tr&#7867: S&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7911a l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng l&agrave; &#7903 ch&#7895 bi&#7871t k&#7871t h&#7907p m&#7897t c&aacute;ch khoa h&#7885c &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 gi&agrave; v&agrave; c&aacute;n b&#7897 tr&#7867. Ch&#7881 c&oacute; th&#7921c hi&#7879n &#273&#432&#7907c &#273i&#7873u &#273&oacute;, ch&uacute;ng ta m&#7899i c&oacute; th&#7875 ph&aacute;t huy t&#7893ng l&#7921c nh&#7919ng th&#7871 m&#7841nh c&#7911a c&aacute;c l&#7899p c&aacute;n b&#7897, h&#7885 h&#7895 tr&#7907 cho nhau &#273&#7875 h&#7841n ch&#7871 &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng nh&#432&#7907c &#273i&#7875m v&igrave; l&yacute; do tu&#7893i t&aacute;c. C&aacute;n b&#7897 cao tu&#7893i&nbsp; th&#432&#7901ng c&oacute; kinh nghi&#7879m phong ph&uacute; v&#7873 m&#7863t l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o, &#273&#432&#7907c r&egrave;n luy&#7879n v&#7919ng ch&#7855c v&#7873 Ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin, th&#7845u hi&#7875u r&otilde; c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&#7911a m&igrave;nh, c&oacute; n&#259ng l&#7921c x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh ph&#432&#417ng h&#432&#7899ng, c&oacute; b&#7843n l&#297nh ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 v&#7919ng v&agrave;ng, ki&ecirc;n trung; tuy nhi&ecirc;n h&#7885 l&#7841i c&oacute; nh&#7919ng h&#7841n ch&#7871 nh&#7845t &#273&#7883nh v&#7873 s&#7913c kh&#7887e, kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 l&agrave;m vi&#7879c c&#259ng th&#7859ng trong th&#7901i gian d&agrave;i, k&eacute;m nh&#7841y b&eacute;n v&#7899i c&aacute;i m&#7899i, tr&igrave; tr&#7879, b&#7843o th&#7911&hellip; Trong khi &#273&oacute; c&aacute;n b&#7897 tr&#7867 th&#432&#7901ng chi&#7871m s&#7889 l&#432&#7907ng l&#7899n, tr&#7867, kh&#7887e, nhi&#7879t t&igrave;nh, ham h&#7885c h&#7887i, nh&#7841&#7925 c&#7843m trong n&#7855m b&#7855t c&aacute;i m&#7899i, ti&#7871p thu ki&#7871n th&#7913c v&agrave; tr&#432&#7903ng th&agrave;nh nhanh ch&oacute;ng, ti&#7871p thu v&agrave; v&#7853n d&#7909ng nh&#7919ng tri th&#7913c khoa h&#7885c m&#7899i r&#7845t nhanh &ldquo;h&#7885 c&oacute; s&#7913c l&#7921c h&#417n, m&#259ng tr&#7867 h&#417n, th&#7853t th&agrave; ch&#7845t ph&aacute;c h&#417n, &#273&#432&#7907c t&ocirc;i luy&#7879n h&#417n, ch&acirc;n th&agrave;nh h&#417n&rdquo;, nh&#432ng h&#7885 c&#361ng kh&ocirc;ng tr&aacute;nh kh&#7887i nh&#7919ng h&#7841n ch&#7871 nh&#432 thi&#7871u kinh nghi&#7879m, nh&#7845t l&agrave; kinh nghi&#7879m khi gi&#7843i quy&#7871t c&aacute;c t&igrave;nh hu&#7889ng ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 ph&#7913c t&#7841p&hellip; Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th&#7871, V.I.L&ecirc;nin cho r&#7857ng b&ecirc;n c&#7841nh vi&#7879c s&#7917 d&#7909ng t&#7889t &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 gi&agrave;, c&#7847n t&#259ng c&#432&#7901ng &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o, b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng v&agrave; m&#7841nh d&#7841n giao vi&#7879c &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 tr&#7867. Trong t&aacute;c ph&#7849m &quot;Nhi&#7879m v&#7909 c&#7911a &#273o&agrave;n thanh ni&ecirc;n&quot; - ph&aacute;t bi&#7875u t&#7841i &#272&#7841i h&#7897i III to&agrave;n Nga c&#7911a &#272o&agrave;n Thanh ni&ecirc;n C&#7897ng s&#7843n Nga ng&agrave;y 2-10-1920, V.I.L&ecirc;nin kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh: &ldquo;&hellip; c&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i r&#7857ng nhi&#7879m v&#7909 th&#7921c s&#7921 x&acirc;y d&#7921ng x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7897ng s&#7843n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a, ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; c&#7911a thanh ni&ecirc;n. B&#7903i v&igrave; r&otilde; r&agrave;ng l&agrave; th&#7871 h&#7879 nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i lao &#273&#7897ng &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o trong x&atilde; h&#7897i t&#432 b&#7843n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a, th&igrave; gi&#7887i l&#7855m ch&#7881 c&oacute; th&#7875 gi&#7843i quy&#7871t &#273&#432&#7907c nhi&#7879m v&#7909 ph&aacute; h&#7911y n&#7873n m&oacute;ng c&#7911a ch&#7871 &#273&#7897 t&#432 b&#7843n gi&agrave; c&#7895i d&#7921a tr&ecirc;n s&#7921 b&oacute;c l&#7897t. Gi&#7887i l&#7855m th&igrave; h&#7885 c&#361ng ch&#7881 c&oacute; th&#7875 gi&#7843i quy&#7871t &#273&#432&#7907c nhi&#7879m v&#7909 x&acirc;y d&#7921ng m&#7897t c&#417 ch&#7871 x&atilde; h&#7897i c&oacute; kh&#7843 n&#259ng gi&uacute;p cho giai c&#7845p v&ocirc; s&#7843n v&agrave; c&aacute;c giai c&#7845p c&#7847n lao gi&#7919 l&#7845y ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n trong tay v&agrave; &#273&#7863t &#273&#432&#7907c m&#7897t n&#7873n m&oacute;ng v&#7919ng ch&#7855c, tr&ecirc;n &#273&oacute; ch&#7881 c&oacute; th&#7871 h&#7879 kh&#7903i c&ocirc;ng trong nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n m&#7899i, trong m&#7897t ho&agrave;n c&#7843nh kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n quan h&#7879 ng&#432&#7901i b&oacute;c l&#7897t ng&#432&#7901i n&#7919a, m&#7899i c&oacute; th&#7875 x&acirc;y d&#7921ng&rdquo;[17].<br /> <br /> M&#7841nh d&#7841n s&#7917 d&#7909ng, m&#7841nh d&#7841n giao vi&#7879c cho &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 tr&#7867, cho nh&#7919ng &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n m&#7899i &#273&#432&#7907c k&#7871t n&#7841p l&agrave; &#273i&#7873u v&ocirc; c&ugrave;ng c&#7847n thi&#7871t. Nhi&#7873u l&#7847n V.I.L&ecirc;nin &#273&atilde; ph&ecirc; ph&aacute;n s&#7921 thi&#7871u tin t&#432&#7903ng, m&#7841nh d&#7841n s&#7917 d&#7909ng l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng tr&#7867. V.I.L&ecirc;nin y&ecirc;u c&#7847u c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c c&#7847n ph&#7843i c&oacute; &yacute; th&#7913c cao v&#7873 vi&#7879c s&#7917 d&#7909ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 tr&#7867, s&#7917 d&#7909ng c&aacute;c &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n m&#7899i &#273&#432&#7907c k&#7871t n&#7841p. Nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o, c&aacute;c chi b&#7897, &#273&#7843ng b&#7897 c&#7847n x&acirc;y d&#7921ng k&#7871 ho&#7841ch &#273&#7875 giao vi&#7879c cho l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng tr&#7867 n&agrave;y v&agrave; ki&#7875m tra, gi&uacute;p &#273&#7905 h&#7885 th&#7921c hi&#7879n nhi&#7879m v&#7909, c&oacute; nh&#432 v&#7853y h&#7885 m&#7899i c&oacute; th&#7875 tr&#432&#7903ng th&agrave;nh nhanh h&#417n, kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#7875 nhi&#7873u t&agrave;i n&#259ng c&#7911a h&#7885 b&#7883 mai m&#7897t, l&atilde;ng ph&iacute;. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, m&#7841nh d&#7841n &#7903 &#273&acirc;y kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ngh&#297a l&agrave; giao ngay t&#7913c kh&#7855c cho h&#7885 gi&#7919 nh&#7919ng ch&#7913c v&#7909 tr&#7885ng y&#7871u, &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i ph&#7843i c&oacute; nh&#7919ng ki&#7871n th&#7913c m&agrave; h&#7885 v&#7851n ch&#432a c&oacute; &#273&#432&#7907c, ch&#432a t&iacute;ch l&#361y &#273&#432&#7907c: &ldquo;&#272i&#7873u ch&uacute;ng ta c&#7847n ph&#7843i quan t&acirc;m hi&#7879n nay l&agrave; s&#7917 d&#7909ng m&#7897t c&aacute;ch &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n nh&#7919ng &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n m&#7899i. C&#7847n ph&#7843i &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t ch&uacute; &yacute; &#273&#7871n nhi&#7879m v&#7909 &#273&oacute;&hellip; Ngh&#7879 thu&#7853t c&#7911a c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#273&#7843ng c&oacute; kinh nghi&#7879m &#7903 trung &#432&#417ng v&agrave; c&aacute;c &#273&#7883a ph&#432&#417ng ph&#7843i th&#7875 hi&#7879n &#7903 ch&#7895 t&iacute;ch c&#7921c s&#7917 d&#7909ng nh&#7919ng l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng m&#7899i c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng&hellip;&rdquo;[18].<br /> <br /> Vi&#7879c m&#7841nh d&#7841n giao vi&#7879c cho &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 tr&#7867, c&aacute;c &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n tr&#7867 &#273&#432&#7907c V.I.L&ecirc;nin tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y &#7903 nhi&#7873u t&aacute;c ph&#7849m kh&aacute;c n&#7919a. &#272&#7891ng th&#7901i, Ng&#432&#7901i y&ecirc;u c&#7847u, c&ugrave;ng v&#7899i vi&#7879c m&#7841nh d&#7841n s&#7917 d&#7909ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 tr&#7867, c&#7847n ph&#7843i t&iacute;ch c&#7921c ch&#259m lo gi&aacute;o d&#7909c, b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng h&#7885 tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&#7889t c&aacute;n c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng, c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t: &ldquo;Nhi&#7879m v&#7909 tr&#432&#7899c m&#7855t c&#7911a ch&uacute;ng ta l&agrave;: gi&uacute;p &#273&#7905 cho vi&#7879c gi&aacute;o d&#7909c nh&#7919ng &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n tr&#7867 &#273&oacute; m&#7897t c&aacute;ch h&#7871t s&#7913c nhanh ch&oacute;ng, h&#7871t s&#7913c c&oacute; hi&#7879u qu&#7843 v&agrave; h&#7871t s&#7913c thi&#7871t th&#7921c, gi&uacute;p &#273&#7905 cho vi&#7879c r&egrave;n luy&#7879n h&#7885 tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh nh&#7919ng c&#7889t c&aacute;n x&acirc;y d&#7921ng ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n, gi&aacute;c ng&#7897 nh&#7845t, c&oacute; kh&#7843 n&#259ng &#273&#7843m nhi&#7879m c&aacute;c ch&#7913c v&#7909 tr&#7885ng tr&aacute;ch nh&#7845t&hellip;&rdquo;[19].<br /> <br /> + &#272i&#7873u &#273&#7897ng, lu&acirc;n chuy&#7875n c&aacute;n b&#7897: Khi c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&ocirc; s&#7843n m&#7899i th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng, kh&#7889i l&#432&#7907ng c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c r&#7845t nhi&#7873u nh&#432ng kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#7911 c&aacute;n b&#7897. V&igrave; v&#7853y, &#273&#7875 &#273&aacute;p &#7913ng &#273&#432&#7907c y&ecirc;u c&#7847u c&#7911a nhi&#7879m v&#7909 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, vi&#7879c &#273i&#7873u chuy&#7875n c&aacute;n b&#7897 t&#7915 v&#7883 tr&iacute; n&agrave;y, n&#417i n&agrave;y sang v&#7883 tr&iacute; kh&aacute;c, n&#417i kh&aacute;c l&agrave; &#273i&#7873u kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 tr&aacute;nh kh&#7887i. V.I.L&ecirc;nin cho r&#7857ng ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;n b&#7897, &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n, nh&#7845t l&agrave; c&aacute;c &#7911y vi&ecirc;n trong X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t ph&#7843i &#273a n&#259ng, c&oacute; th&#7875 nh&#7853n v&agrave; ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh nhi&#7879m v&#7909 &#7903 nhi&#7873u l&#297nh v&#7921c kh&aacute;c nhau, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c qu&#7843n l&yacute; c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;- vi&#7871t, Ng&#432&#7901i y&ecirc;u c&#7847u: &ldquo;Tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t ph&#7843i l&agrave;m cho m&#7895i &#7911y vi&ecirc;n trong X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t nh&#7845t thi&#7871t ph&#7843i g&aacute;nh v&aacute;c m&#7897t c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c n&agrave;o &#273&oacute; trong l&#297nh v&#7921c qu&#7843n l&yacute; nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c; hai l&agrave;, l&agrave;m cho ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#273&oacute; &#273&#432&#7907c thay &#273&#7893i li&ecirc;n ti&#7871p &#273&#7875 m&#7895i u&#7927 vi&ecirc;n &#273&#7873u n&#7855m &#273&#432&#7907c to&agrave;n b&#7897 c&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c qu&#7843n l&yacute; nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c ng&agrave;nh c&#7911a c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c &#273&oacute;&rdquo;[20].<br /> <br /> B&ecirc;n c&#7841nh kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh vi&#7879c &#273i&#7873u &#273&#7897ng, thuy&ecirc;n chuy&#7875n l&agrave; c&#7847n thi&#7871t trong c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897, theo V.I.L&ecirc;nin, vi&#7879c tri&#7875n khai, th&#7921c hi&#7879n c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c n&agrave;y c&#7847n ph&#7843i c&oacute; nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c, tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m &#7843nh h&#432&#7903ng &#273&#7871n t&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c chung c&#7911a t&#7893 ch&#7913c, &#7843nh h&#432&#7903ng &#273&#7871n hi&#7879u qu&#7843 c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&#7911a m&#7895i c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&#7847n &#273i&#7873u &#273&#7897ng, lu&acirc;n chuy&#7875n. Trong b&agrave;i ph&aacute;t bi&#7875u t&#7841i H&#7897i ngh&#7883 IX to&agrave;n Nga c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n (b) Nga, th&aacute;ng 9-1920, V.I.L&ecirc;nin nh&#7845n m&#7841nh: &ldquo;V&#7873 v&#7845n &#273&#7873 thuy&ecirc;n chuy&#7875n th&igrave; b&#7893 sung nh&#432 sau: sao cho kh&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m &#7843nh h&#432&#7899ng &#273&#7871n vi&#7879c gi&#7899i thi&#7879u c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c v&#7899i nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i m&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 thuy&ecirc;n chuy&#7875n h&#7885 &#273&#432&#7907c b&agrave;n &#273&#7871n, v&agrave; sao cho kh&ocirc;ng &#7843nh h&#432&#7899ng &#273&#7871n c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c, ngh&#297a l&agrave; ch&#7881 ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh b&#7857ng c&aacute;ch n&agrave;o &#273&#7875 vi&#7879c &#273&#7843m nh&#7853n c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c lu&ocirc;n lu&ocirc;n n&#7857m trong tay c&aacute;n b&#7897 ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n am hi&#7875u c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c chuy&ecirc;n m&ocirc;n v&agrave; &#273&#7843m b&#7843o th&#7855ng l&#7907i cho c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c&rdquo;[21].<br /> <br /> <strong>5. Gi&#7919 g&igrave;n k&#7927 lu&#7853t trong &#272&#7843ng</strong><br /> <br /> Th&#432&#417ng y&ecirc;u, b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 l&agrave; &#273i&#7873u kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 thi&#7871u, tuy nhi&ecirc;n kh&ocirc;ng v&igrave; th&#7871 m&agrave; l&#7841i kh&ocirc;ng gi&#7919 nghi&ecirc;m k&#7927 lu&#7853t &#273&#7889i v&#7899i c&aacute;n b&#7897. N&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; k&#7927 lu&#7853t s&#7855t th&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng t&#7891n t&#7841i m&#7897t t&#7893 ch&#7913c n&agrave;o &#273&#7875 c&oacute; th&#7875 &#273&#7843m &#273&#432&#417ng tr&#7885ng tr&aacute;ch x&acirc;y d&#7921ng ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n &#273&#432&#7907c. V&#7873 v&#7845n &#273&#7873 n&agrave;y, V.I.L&ecirc;nin c&oacute; quan &#273i&#7875m r&#7845t r&otilde; r&agrave;ng, nh&#7845t l&agrave; nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 l&agrave; &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n c&#7897ng s&#7843n th&igrave; k&#7927 lu&#7853t c&agrave;ng n&#7863ng h&#417n: &#273&#7889i v&#7899i nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&#7897ng s&#7843n ph&#7843i tr&#7915ng ph&#7841t n&#7863ng h&#417n g&#7845p ba l&#7847n so v&#7899i nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i ngo&agrave;i &#272&#7843ng&rdquo;[22]. T&#7915 &#273&oacute;, Ng&#432&#7901i ch&#7881 &#273&#7841o &ldquo;C&#7847n ph&#7843i &#273u&#7893i ra kh&#7887i &#272&#7843ng nh&#7919ng k&#7867 gian gi&#7843o, nh&#7919ng &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n c&#7897ng s&#7843n &#273&atilde; quan li&ecirc;u h&oacute;a, kh&ocirc;ng trung th&#7921c, nhu nh&#432&#7907c v&agrave; nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i men-s&ecirc;-v&iacute;ch, tuy &ldquo;b&#7873 ngo&agrave;i&rdquo; &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c ph&#7911 m&#7897t l&#7899p s&#417n m&#7899i, nh&#432ng trong t&acirc;m h&#7891n th&igrave; v&#7851n l&agrave; men-s&ecirc;-v&iacute;ch&rdquo;[23]. Trong Th&#432 g&#7917i B&#7897 Ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 Ban Ch&#7845p h&agrave;nh Trung &#432&#417ng &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n (b) Nga, ng&agrave;y 18-3-1922, V.I.L&ecirc;nin y&ecirc;u c&#7847u ph&#7843i x&#7917 l&yacute; nghi&ecirc;m kh&#7855c &#273&#7889i v&#7899i nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897, &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n vi ph&#7841m ph&aacute;p lu&#7853t, n&#7871u c&aacute;c th&#7849m ph&aacute;n x&eacute;t x&#7917 v&#7909 &aacute;n &#273&oacute; m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7845p h&agrave;nh ch&#7881 th&#7883 c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i, s&#7869 b&#7883 &#273u&#7893i vi&#7879c, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i s&#7869 khai tr&#7915 ra kh&#7887i &#272&#7843ng nh&#7919ng ai c&oacute; &yacute; &#273&#7883nh can thi&#7879p v&agrave;o vi&#7879c x&eacute;t x&#7917 c&#7911a t&ograve;a &aacute;n.<br /> <br /> M&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng b&#7879nh m&agrave; nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&#7897ng s&#7843n th&#432&#7901ng m&#7855c ph&#7843i khi c&oacute; ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n l&agrave; b&#7879nh quan li&ecirc;u - n&oacute; g&acirc;y ra nhi&#7873u tai h&#7841i cho c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, l&agrave;m tr&igrave; tr&#7879 trong vi&#7879c th&#7921c hi&#7879n &#273&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i, ch&#7911 tr&#432&#417ng c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; nh&#7919ng ch&#7881 th&#7883 c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t. V&igrave; v&#7853y, V.I.L&ecirc;nin l&ecirc;n &aacute;n m&#7841nh m&#7869 nh&#7919ng c&aacute;n b&#7897, &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n v&ocirc; tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879m, quan li&ecirc;u, b&#7879nh gi&#7845y t&#7901: &ldquo;B&#7885n quan li&ecirc;u &#7845y, n&#7871u c&#7847n, ta c&oacute; th&#7875 c&aacute;ch ch&#7913c h&#7885, ch&#7913 kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 n&agrave;o c&#7843i t&#7841o h&#7885 ngay m&#7897t l&uacute;c &#273&#432&#7907c&rdquo;[24].<br /> <br /> B&ecirc;n c&#7841nh &#273&oacute;, nh&#7919ng vi ph&#7841m ph&aacute;p lu&#7853t c&#7911a nhi&#7873u c&aacute;n b&#7897, &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; n&#7841n h&#7889i l&#7897 c&#7847n ph&#7843i &#273&#432&#7907c x&#7917 l&yacute; nghi&ecirc;m kh&#7855c &#273&#7875 ng&#259n ch&#7863n t&#7879 n&#7841n n&agrave;y, kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#7875 ch&uacute;ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n th&agrave;nh d&#7883ch b&#7879nh s&#7869 kh&oacute; ch&#7919a.<br /> <br /> Nhi&#7873u n&#7897i dung trong t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a V.I.L&ecirc;nin v&#7873 c&aacute;n b&#7897 v&agrave; c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897 cho &#273&#7871n nay v&#7851n gi&#7919 nguy&ecirc;n gi&aacute; tr&#7883, c&oacute; &yacute; ngh&#297a th&#7921c ti&#7877n s&acirc;u s&#7855c. Nh&#7919ng ch&#7881 d&#7851n &#273&oacute;, trong th&#7921c t&#7871 ch&uacute;ng ta v&#7851n ch&#432a th&#7921c hi&#7879n &#273&#432&#7907c tri&#7879t &#273&#7875. Nh&#7919ng lu&#7853n &#273i&#7875m v&#7873 vai tr&ograve;, v&#7883 tr&iacute; c&#7911a &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897, x&acirc;y d&#7921ng ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849n c&aacute;n b&#7897, tuy&#7875n ch&#7885n c&aacute;n b&#7897 t&#7915 giai c&#7845p c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n, n&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n, coi tr&#7885ng &#273&agrave;o t&#7841o, b&#7891i d&#432&#7905ng c&aacute;n b&#7897 v&#7873 v&#259n h&oacute;a, ki&#7871n th&#7913c qu&#7843n l&yacute; kinh t&#7871; trong &#273&oacute; Ng&#432&#7901i y&ecirc;u c&#7847u h&#7885c ph&#7843i &#273i &#273&ocirc;i v&#7899i h&agrave;nh, l&yacute; thuy&#7871t k&#7871t h&#7907p v&#7899i th&#7921c ti&#7877n&hellip;, coi tr&#7885ng nh&acirc;n t&agrave;i v&agrave; m&#7841nh d&#7841n s&#7917 d&#7909ng chuy&ecirc;n gia t&#432 s&#7843n v&agrave;o c&ocirc;ng cu&#7897c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng v&agrave; ki&#7871n thi&#7871t &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c; x&acirc;y d&#7921ng ch&#7871 &#273&#7897, ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch &#273&#7889i v&#7899i c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i ki&ecirc;n quy&#7871t x&#7917 l&yacute; nghi&ecirc;m &#273&#7889i v&#7899i c&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897 vi ph&#7841m&hellip;<br /> <br /> Nh&#7919ng v&#7853n d&#7909ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a V.I.L&ecirc;nin v&#7873 c&aacute;n b&#7897 v&agrave; c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#273&atilde; gi&uacute;p &#272&#7843ng ta x&acirc;y d&#7921ng &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng tr&#432&#7903ng th&agrave;nh &#273&#432a s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#7911a n&#432&#7899c ta ti&#7871n l&ecirc;n. Hi&#7879n nay, s&#7921 nghi&#7879p &#273&#7893i m&#7899i &#273ang &#273i v&agrave;o chi&#7873u s&acirc;u, ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n kinh t&#7871 th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a trong b&#7889i c&#7843nh qu&#7889c t&#7871 h&oacute;a, to&agrave;n c&#7847u h&oacute;a - v&#7915a h&#7907p t&aacute;c, v&#7915a &#273&#7845u tranh, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t c&aacute;c th&#7871 l&#7921c th&ugrave; &#273&#7883ch &#273ang &#273i&ecirc;n cu&#7891ng ch&#7889ng ph&aacute; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng n&#432&#7899c ta b&#7857ng chi&#7871n l&#432&#7907c di&#7877n bi&#7871n h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, mua chu&#7897c, l&#7889i k&eacute;o c&aacute;n b&#7897&hellip; th&igrave; vi&#7879c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#273&#7911 ph&#7849m ch&#7845t, n&#259ng l&#7921c v&agrave; tr&iacute; tu&#7879 l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 then ch&#7889t, quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh s&#7921 t&#7891n t&#7841i c&#7911a ch&#7871 &#273&#7897, vai tr&ograve; l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam. V&igrave; v&#7853y, h&#417n l&uacute;c n&agrave;o h&#7871t, nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u v&agrave; v&#7853n d&#7909ng s&aacute;ng t&#7841o nh&#7919ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a V.I.L&ecirc;nin v&#7873 c&aacute;n b&#7897 v&agrave; c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c c&aacute;n b&#7897 l&agrave; r&#7845t c&#7847n thi&#7871t..<br /> <br /> -----------------------------<br /> [1] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 44, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 449.<br /> [2] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 35, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 333.<br /> [3] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 35, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 339.<br /> [4] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 36, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 192.<br /> [5] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 45, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 395.<br /> [6] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 45, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 395-396.<br /> [7] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 44, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 152.<br /> [8] L&ecirc;nin (1977), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 39, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 489.<br /> [9] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 45, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 99.<br /> [10] L&ecirc;nin (1977), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 41, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 358.<br /> [11] L&ecirc;nin (1977), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 41, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 352.<br /> [12] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 45, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 444.<br /> [13] L&ecirc;nin (1977), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 41, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 359.<br /> [14] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 45, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 450.<br /> [15] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 45, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 449.<br /> [16] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 45, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 396-397.<br /> [17] L&ecirc;nin (1977), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 41, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 354.<br /> [18] L&ecirc;nin (1977), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 39, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 260, 271.<br /> [19] L&ecirc;nin (1977), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 40, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 162.<br /> [20] L&ecirc;nin (1977), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 38, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 115-116.<br /> [21] L&ecirc;nin (1977), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 41, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 349.<br /> [22] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 44, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 486.<br /> [23] L&ecirc;nin (1978), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 44, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 154.<br /> [24] L&ecirc;nin (1977), To&agrave;n t&#7853p, t&#7853p 38, Nxb Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, tr. 205.</span></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> Ths. PH&#7840M H&Ugrave;NG MINH<br /> </span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><strong><span style="font-size: small;">Ban T&#7893 ch&#7913c Huy&#7879n &#7911y Th&#7889ng Nh&#7845t, &#272&#7891ng Nai</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><em><span style="font-size: small;">(Theo T&#7841p ch&iacute; X&acirc;y d&#7921ng &#272&#7843ng</span></em><span style="font-size: small;">)<br /> <br /> </span></div> </html>

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