Cách mạng Tháng Mười Nga - ngọn cờ hiệu triệu hòa bình cho nhân loại

<html> <head> <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8'> <title> </title> </head> <div> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title></title> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><strong><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i Nga - ng&#7885n c&#7901 hi&#7879u tri&#7879u h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh cho nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i </span></span></strong></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i Nga n&#259m 1917 c&oacute; &yacute; ngh&#297a l&#7883ch s&#7917 v&#7873 nhi&#7873u m&#7863t, kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 v&#7841ch m&#7889c th&#7901i &#273&#7841i, m&#7903 ra k&#7927 nguy&ecirc;n m&#7899i trong l&#7883ch s&#7917</span></span></div> <table width="200" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" align="right"> <tbody> <tr> <td><img width="295" height="209" alt="" src="1.jpg" /></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> n&#432&#7899c Nga v&agrave; c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c b&#7883 n&ocirc; d&#7883ch, ph&#7909 thu&#7897c tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i, m&agrave; c&ograve;n c&oacute; &yacute; ngh&#297a nh&acirc;n v&#259n s&acirc;u s&#7855c &#7903 ch&#7895 &#273&atilde; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh ng&#7885n c&#7901 hi&#7879u tri&#7879u c&#7911a th&#7901i &#273&#7841i m&#7899i, th&#7901i &#273&#7841i &#273&#7845u tranh v&igrave; nh&#7919ng m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u cao c&#7843: h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c, d&acirc;n ch&#7911 v&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i.<br /> <br /> <strong>Ng&#7885n c&#7901 hi&#7879u tri&#7879u h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh c&#7911a th&#7901i &#273&#7841i m&#7899i</strong><br /> <br /> C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i n&#7893 ra khi Chi&#7871n tranh th&#7871 gi&#7899i th&#7913 nh&#7845t b&#432&#7899c v&agrave;o giai &#273o&#7841n quy&#7871t li&#7879t, hai phe &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c &#273ang x&acirc;u x&eacute; nhau d&#7919 d&#7897i. C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; &ldquo;ch&#7863n l&#7841i nh&#7919ng b&agrave;n tay ch&eacute;m gi&#7871t&rdquo; v&agrave; ch&#7845m d&#7913t chi&#7871n tranh &#273&uacute;ng v&#7899i mong mu&#7889n c&#7911a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i. M&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng kh&#7849u hi&#7879u m&agrave; C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i gi&#432&#417ng cao l&agrave;: h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, ph&#7843n &#273&#7889i chi&#7871n tranh, ch&#7845m d&#7913t chi&#7871n tranh &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c. B&#7903i v&#7853y, C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; gi&agrave;nh &#273&#432&#7907c thi&#7879n c&#7843m s&acirc;u s&#7855c c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n y&ecirc;u chu&#7897ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh &#7903 ch&acirc;u &Acirc;u v&agrave; c&#7843 nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i ti&#7871n b&#7897, t&#7841o ra phong tr&agrave;o ph&#7843n chi&#7871n ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng l&#7899n &#7903 ch&acirc;u &Acirc;u l&uacute;c b&#7845y gi&#7901. <br /> <br /> Ngay sau th&#7855ng l&#7907i c&#7911a C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i, Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t &#273&atilde; th&#7921c hi&#7879n nh&#7919ng nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c m&#7899i trong quan h&#7879 gi&#7919a c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; c&aacute;c qu&#7889c gia. H&agrave;nh &#273&#7897ng &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t l&agrave; th&ocirc;ng qua S&#7855c lu&#7853t v&#7873 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh c&#7911a V. I. L&ecirc;-nin (&#273&#259ng tr&ecirc;n b&aacute;o S&#7921 th&#7853t, s&#7889 171, ng&agrave;y 28-10-1917).<br /> <br /> Trong S&#7855c lu&#7853t v&#7873 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, V. I. L&ecirc;-nin kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&ecirc;n &aacute;n nh&#7919ng h&agrave;nh &#273&#7897ng x&acirc;m chi&#7871m c&#7911a c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c, m&agrave; c&ograve;n k&#7883ch li&#7879t ph&ecirc; ph&aacute;n s&#7921 c&#432&#7905ng b&#7913c d&acirc;n t&#7897c, coi &#273&oacute; c&#361ng nh&#432 &ldquo;m&#7897t cu&#7897c x&acirc;m chi&#7871m v&agrave; m&#7897t h&agrave;nh vi b&#7841o l&#7921c&rdquo;(1). Ti&#7871p t&#7909c ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh chi&#7871n tranh &#273&#7875 ph&acirc;n chia quy&#7873n l&#7907i c&#7911a giai c&#7845p t&#432 s&#7843n, theo V. I. L&ecirc;-nin, &#273&oacute; l&agrave; &ldquo;m&#7897t t&#7897i &aacute;c l&#7899n nh&#7845t &#273&#7889i v&#7899i nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i&rdquo;(2). Trong S&#7855c lu&#7853t v&#7873 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, V. I. L&ecirc;-nin k&ecirc;u g&#7885i t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c tham gia chi&#7871n tranh ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh ngay nh&#7919ng cu&#7897c &#273&agrave;m ph&aacute;n v&#7873 m&#7897t h&ograve;a &#432&#7899c d&acirc;n ch&#7911 v&agrave; c&ocirc;ng b&#7857ng, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; th&ocirc;n t&iacute;nh (kh&ocirc;ng x&acirc;m chi&#7871m &#273&#7845t &#273ai, kh&ocirc;ng c&#432&#7905ng &eacute;p s&aacute;p nh&#7853p c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c kh&aacute;c). V. I. L&ecirc;-nin kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh: &ldquo;Ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911 Nga r&#7845t s&#7861n s&agrave;ng ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh ngay kh&ocirc;ng ch&uacute;t ch&#7853m tr&#7877 t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c b&#432&#7899c quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh, cho &#273&#7871n khi c&aacute;c h&#7897i ngh&#7883 &#273&#7841i bi&#7875u to&agrave;n quy&#7873n do nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c c&#7917 ra ph&ecirc; chu&#7849n cu&#7889i c&ugrave;ng t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n c&#7911a h&ograve;a &#432&#7899c &#273&oacute;&rdquo;(3). <br /> <br /> S&#7855c lu&#7853t v&#7873 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh n&oacute;i l&ecirc;n b&#7843n ch&#7845t c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i l&agrave; y&ecirc;u chu&#7897ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&#7889i l&#7853p v&#7899i b&#7843n ch&#7845t c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c l&agrave; chi&#7871n tranh, x&acirc;m l&#432&#7907c. S&#7855c lu&#7853t v&#7873 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh &#273&atilde; n&ecirc;u nh&#7919ng nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c c&#7911a m&#7897t ki&#7875u quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871 m&#7899i, &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7873 ra kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c l&#7899n &aacute;p b&#7913c c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c nh&#7887, y&#7871u, m&agrave; l&agrave; tr&ecirc;n n&#7873n h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh c&#7911a t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; s&#7921 b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng c&#7911a c&aacute;c qu&#7889c gia, d&acirc;n t&#7897c. Ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch ngo&#7841i giao c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t c&#361ng &#273&#432&#7907c tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y r&otilde; trong v&#259n ki&#7879n &#7845y. V&#7899i ni&#7873m tin v&agrave;o s&#7913c m&#7841nh ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a c&#7911a h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh v&agrave; d&acirc;n ch&#7911, V. I. L&ecirc;-nin k&#7871t lu&#7853n: &ldquo;Phong tr&agrave;o c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n s&#7869 gi&agrave;nh &#273&#432&#7907c ph&#7847n th&#7855ng v&agrave; s&#7869 v&#7841ch ra con &#273&#432&#7901ng &#273i t&#7899i h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh v&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i&rdquo;(4). <br /> <br /> Kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 d&#7915ng l&#7841i &#7903 S&#7855c lu&#7853t c&oacute; t&iacute;nh ch&#7845t v&#259n b&#7843n ph&aacute;p l&yacute;, ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t &#273&atilde; ki&ecirc;n tr&igrave; ph&#7845n &#273&#7845u trong th&#7921c ti&#7877n &#273&#7875 &#273&#7841t t&#7899i m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, k&#7875 c&#7843 vi&#7879c ph&#7843i k&yacute; h&ograve;a &#432&#7899c, trong &#273&oacute; n&#432&#7899c Nga X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t ph&#7843i ch&#7845p nh&#7853n nh&#7919ng thi&#7879t th&ograve;i v&#7873 &#273&#7845t &#273ai, kinh t&#7871 nh&#432 H&ograve;a &#432&#7899c Br&eacute;t Li-t&#7889p &#273&#7847u n&#259m 1918. Th&#7921c t&#7871 cho th&#7845y, vi&#7879c c&ocirc;ng b&#7889 S&#7855c lu&#7853t v&#7873 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh v&agrave; to&agrave;n b&#7897 n&#7895 l&#7921c c&#7911a Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t &#273&atilde; &#273&#432a n&#432&#7899c Nga ra kh&#7887i cu&#7897c chi&#7871n tranh &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c. L&#7853p l&#7841i n&#7873n h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, n&#432&#7899c Nga c&oacute; &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n thu&#7853n l&#7907i &#273&#7875 c&#7911ng c&#7889 ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, &#7893n &#273&#7883nh kinh t&#7871 - x&atilde; h&#7897i, t&#7853p trung l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng &#273&#7853p tan s&#7921 ph&#7843n kh&aacute;ng c&#7911a b&#7885n ph&#7843n c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng. Chi&#7871n th&#7855ng trong cu&#7897c n&#7897i chi&#7871n &aacute;c li&#7879t b&#7889n n&#259m, ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t &#273&#432&#7907c c&#7911ng c&#7889. Nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n lao &#273&#7897ng Nga v&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c thu&#7897c Nga m&#7897t l&#7847n n&#7919a tho&aacute;t kh&#7887i th&#7843m h&#7885a chi&#7871n tranh, tho&aacute;t kh&#7887i nguy c&#417 tr&#7903 l&#7841i &aacute;ch b&oacute;c l&#7897t c&#7911a &#273&#7883a ch&#7911, t&#432 s&#7843n ph&#7843n &#273&#7897ng. V&#7873 sau, Li&ecirc;n X&ocirc; v&agrave; c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&atilde; gi&#432&#417ng cao, gi&#7919 v&#7919ng ng&#7885n c&#7901 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh &#7845y. <br /> <br /> V&#7899i th&#7855ng l&#7907i c&#7911a C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i v&agrave; s&#7921 ra &#273&#7901i c&#7911a Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t m&agrave; t&#7915 ng&agrave;y 30-12-1922 l&agrave; Li&ecirc;n X&ocirc;, cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh gi&#7919a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i v&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a t&#432 b&#7843n, gi&#7919a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&agrave; ph&#7843n c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng b&#432&#7899c sang m&#7897t giai &#273o&#7841n m&#7899i, quy&#7871t li&#7879t h&#417n. Ch&#7911 ngh&#297a t&#432 b&#7843n bu&#7897c ph&#7843i &#273i&#7873u ch&#7881nh, kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 &ldquo;l&agrave;m m&#432a l&agrave;m gi&oacute;&rdquo; nh&#432 tr&#432&#7899c &#273&#432&#7907c n&#7919a. S&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n m&#7841nh m&#7869 c&#7911a phong tr&agrave;o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&ocirc; s&#7843n m&#7903 &#273&#7847u b&#7857ng C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i v&agrave; phong tr&agrave;o gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c &#273&atilde; thu h&#7865p &ldquo;h&#7853u ph&#432&#417ng&rdquo; c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c, h&#7879 th&#7889ng thu&#7897c &#273&#7883a c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c s&#7909p &#273&#7893 t&#7915ng m&#7843ng l&#7899n. C&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c t&#7915ng b&#7883 th&#7921c d&acirc;n n&ocirc; d&#7883ch nay &ldquo;hi&ecirc;n ngang b&#432&#7899c l&ecirc;n v&#361 &#273&agrave;i qu&#7889c t&#7871&rdquo;, tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng &#273&#432a th&#7871 gi&#7899i ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n theo xu h&#432&#7899ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c, d&acirc;n ch&#7911 v&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i. <br /> <br /> Chi&#7871n tranh th&#7871 gi&#7899i th&#7913 hai b&ugrave;ng n&#7893, do ch&#7911 ngh&#297a ph&aacute;t-x&iacute;t g&acirc;y ra. Nhi&#7873u qu&#7889c gia tr&ecirc;n c&aacute;c ch&acirc;u l&#7909c b&#7883 cu&#7889n v&agrave;o cu&#7897c chi&#7871n t&agrave;n kh&#7889c. &#272&#7875 b&#7843o v&#7879 T&#7893 qu&#7889c x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a, c&#7913u nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i kh&#7887i h&#7885a di&#7879t ch&#7911ng, gi&#432&#417ng cao ng&#7885n c&#7901 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh c&#7911a C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i, Li&ecirc;n X&ocirc; &#273&atilde; hy sinh nhi&#7873u ng&#432&#7901i, nhi&#7873u c&#7911a, &#273&oacute;ng g&oacute;p l&#7899n nh&#7845t trong l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng &#272&#7891ng minh &#273&#7875 l&agrave;m n&ecirc;n chi&#7871n th&#7855ng chung c&#7911a th&#7871 gi&#7899i. &ldquo;Vi&#7879c &#273&aacute;nh b&#7841i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a ph&aacute;t-x&iacute;t &#272&#7913c v&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a qu&acirc;n phi&#7879t Nh&#7853t &#273&atilde; m&#7903 ra nh&#7919ng kh&#7843 n&#259ng m&#7899i cho cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh c&#7911a c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh d&acirc;n ch&#7911, gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i&rdquo;(5).<br /> <br /> S&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n m&#7841nh m&#7869 v&agrave; th&#7847n k&#7923 c&#7911a Li&ecirc;n X&ocirc; sau Chi&#7871n tranh th&#7871 gi&#7899i th&#7913 hai &#273&atilde; &#273&#432a Li&ecirc;n X&ocirc; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh bi&#7875u t&#432&#7907ng, tr&#7909 c&#7897t c&#7911a n&#7873n h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh th&#7871 gi&#7899i, ghi nh&#7919ng d&#7845u &#7845n &#273&#7853m n&eacute;t trong l&#7883ch s&#7917 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n x&atilde; h&#7897i lo&agrave;i ng&#432&#7901i. &#272&#7845t n&#432&#7899c X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t &#273&atilde; &#273&#7841t nh&#7919ng th&agrave;nh t&#7921u k&#7923 di&#7879u tr&ecirc;n m&#7885i l&#297nh v&#7921c, chi&#7871m l&#297nh nh&#7919ng &#273&#7881nh cao c&#7911a khoa h&#7885c - k&#7929 thu&#7853t hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; chinh ph&#7909c v&#361 tr&#7909 v&igrave; m&#7909c &#273&iacute;ch h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh.<br /> <br /> Trong th&#7901i k&#7923 Chi&#7871n tranh l&#7841nh, v&#7845n &#273&#7873 &#273&#7863t ra n&oacute;ng b&#7887ng tr&#432&#7899c nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 chi&#7871n tranh v&agrave; h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh. Ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c, ch&#7911 ngh&#297a th&#7921c d&acirc;n m&#7899i &#273&atilde; th&#7921c thi ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch gi&agrave;nh gi&#7853t th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng, ng&#259n c&#7843n c&aacute;c qu&#7889c gia th&#7921c hi&#7879n n&#7873n &#273&#7897c l&#7853p t&#7921 ch&#7911, ng&#259n c&#7843n phong tr&agrave;o gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c, k&igrave;m h&atilde;m xu h&#432&#7899ng ti&#7871n l&ecirc;n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7911a nhi&#7873u qu&#7889c gia, d&acirc;n t&#7897c (m&agrave; h&#7885 g&#7885i l&agrave; &ldquo;ng&#259n ch&#7863n l&agrave;n s&oacute;ng &#273&#7887&rdquo;), k&igrave;m gi&#7919 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c trong qu&#7929 &#273&#7841o t&#432 b&#7843n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a. Ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c &#273&atilde; s&#7917 d&#7909ng nh&#7919ng ti&#7871n b&#7897 khoa h&#7885c - k&#7929 thu&#7853t, nh&#7919ng th&agrave;nh t&#7921u c&#7911a lo&agrave;i ng&#432&#7901i v&agrave;o cu&#7897c ch&#7841y &#273ua v&#361 trang, ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n v&#361 kh&iacute; gi&#7871t ng&#432&#7901i h&agrave;ng lo&#7841t; theo &#273u&#7893i c&aacute;c ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch, t&#432 duy hi&#7871u chi&#7871n, x&acirc;m l&#432&#7907c nhi&#7873u qu&#7889c gia &#273&#7897c l&#7853p c&oacute; ch&#7911 quy&#7873n. Th&#7871 gi&#7899i trong th&#7901i k&#7923 Chi&#7871n tranh l&#7841nh &#273&atilde; ch&#7913ng ki&#7871n nhi&#7873u cu&#7897c chi&#7871n tranh c&#7909c b&#7897 &#273&#7851m m&aacute;u b&#7855t ngu&#7891n t&#7915 b&#7843n ch&#7845t hi&#7871u chi&#7871n v&agrave; d&atilde; t&acirc;m x&acirc;m l&#432&#7907c c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c: chi&#7871n tranh &#272&ocirc;ng D&#432&#417ng, chi&#7871n tranh Tri&#7873u Ti&ecirc;n,... Nh&#432ng xu th&#7871 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a th&#7871 gi&#7899i l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 &#273&#7843o ng&#432&#7907c: s&#7921 l&#7899n m&#7841nh c&#7911a c&aacute;c qu&#7889c gia &#273&#7897c l&#7853p tr&#7867 tu&#7893i; s&#7921 t&#259ng l&ecirc;n v&#7873 vai tr&ograve;, v&#7883 tr&iacute; c&#7911a c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c &#273ang ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n; s&#7921 h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a h&#7879 th&#7889ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&atilde; ng&#259n ch&#7863n s&#7921 &aacute;p b&#7913c, b&oacute;c l&#7897t, n&ocirc; d&#7883ch c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c tr&ecirc;n m&#7897t ph&#7841m vi r&#7845t l&#7899n c&#7911a th&#7871 gi&#7899i, t&#7841o &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n cho cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh v&igrave; h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c, d&acirc;n ch&#7911 v&agrave; ti&#7871n b&#7897 x&atilde; h&#7897i &#273&#7841t &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng th&#7855ng l&#7907i to l&#7899n. Nh&#7901 s&#7921 h&#7907p l&#7921c &#273&#7845u tranh c&#7911a c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a, c&#7911a lo&agrave;i ng&#432&#7901i ti&#7871n b&#7897, chi&#7871n tranh th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng x&#7843y ra, h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh th&#7871 gi&#7899i v&#7873 c&#417 b&#7843n v&#7851n &#273&#432&#7907c gi&#7919 v&#7919ng. C&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a th&#7871 gi&#7899i v&#7899i b&#7843n ch&#7845t y&ecirc;u chu&#7897ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&atilde; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh th&agrave;nh tr&igrave; v&#7919ng ch&#7855c c&#7911a h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh th&#7871 gi&#7899i, ng&#432&#7901i b&#7843o v&#7879 ki&ecirc;n quy&#7871t nh&#7845t c&aacute;c nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c c&ocirc;ng b&#7857ng, h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, d&acirc;n ch&#7911 trong quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871 v&agrave; l&agrave; tr&#7903 l&#7921c ch&#7911 y&#7871u &#273&#7889i v&#7899i c&aacute;c th&#7871 l&#7921c ph&#7843n &#273&#7897ng qu&#7889c t&#7871. <br /> <br /> C&oacute; th&#7875 kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh, l&#7847n &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n trong l&#7883ch s&#7917, ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i &#273&atilde; x&acirc;y d&#7921ng th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng m&#7897t ki&#7875u m&#7851u v&#7873 quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871 ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n m&#7899i: &#272&oacute; l&agrave; m&#7889i quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871 d&#7921a tr&ecirc;n t&igrave;nh &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t giai c&#7845p, t&igrave;nh h&#7919u ngh&#7883 gi&#7919a c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c, s&#7921 h&#7907p t&aacute;c v&agrave; t&#432&#417ng tr&#7907 trong c&ocirc;ng cu&#7897c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng v&agrave; b&#7843o v&#7879 x&atilde; h&#7897i m&#7899i, v&igrave; h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, an ninh qu&#7889c t&#7871 v&agrave; ti&#7871n b&#7897 x&atilde; h&#7897i, s&#7921 b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng v&agrave; t&ocirc;n tr&#7885ng &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, ch&#7911 quy&#7873n c&#7911a m&#7895i n&#432&#7899c. Ch&iacute;nh m&#7889i quan h&#7879 n&agrave;y l&agrave; t&aacute;c nh&acirc;n t&iacute;ch c&#7921c th&uacute;c &#273&#7849y c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c trong c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng qu&#7889c t&#7871 x&iacute;ch l&#7841i g&#7847n nhau h&#417n trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, phong tr&agrave;o h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273&atilde; h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#7919ng l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng h&ugrave;ng h&#7853u. <br /> <br /> Th&#7921c t&#7871 l&#7883ch s&#7917 &#273&atilde; ch&#7913ng minh, sau khi nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&#432&#7907c khai sinh t&#7915 C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i Nga n&#259m 1917, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; t&#7915 sau n&#259m 1945, khi nhi&#7873u n&#432&#7899c gi&agrave;nh &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, &#273&atilde; l&#7921a ch&#7885n con &#273&#432&#7901ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a, h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh h&#7879 th&#7889ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a th&#7871 gi&#7899i. H&#7879 th&#7889ng n&agrave;y &#273&atilde; c&oacute; vai tr&ograve; r&#7845t quan tr&#7885ng v&agrave; c&#7889ng hi&#7871n to l&#7899n &#273&#7889i v&#7899i ti&#7871n tr&igrave;nh th&#7921c hi&#7879n c&aacute;c m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u n&oacute;ng b&#7887ng c&#7911a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i l&agrave;: h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, an ninh v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n. H&ograve;a b&igrave;nh v&#7915a l&agrave; b&#7843n ch&#7845t, v&#7915a l&agrave; m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i &#273&atilde; khai sinh ra m&#7897t ki&#7875u quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871 m&#7899i, s&#7899m n&ecirc;u l&ecirc;n v&agrave; th&#7921c hi&#7879n m&#7897t c&aacute;ch m&#7851u m&#7921c nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c c&ugrave;ng t&#7891n t&#7841i h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh gi&#7919a c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c c&oacute; ch&#7871 &#273&#7897 x&atilde; h&#7897i kh&aacute;c nhau. Nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c n&agrave;y c&ograve;n bao h&agrave;m s&#7921 ph&#7911 nh&#7853n chi&#7871n tranh v&#7899i t&#432 c&aacute;ch l&agrave; ph&#432&#417ng ti&#7879n th&#7921c hi&#7879n ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i c&#7911a c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i th&#7915a nh&#7853n quy&#7873n c&#7911a t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c &#273&#432&#7907c t&#7921 m&igrave;nh gi&#7843i quy&#7871t v&#7853n m&#7879nh c&#7911a m&igrave;nh, t&ocirc;n tr&#7885ng ch&#7911 quy&#7873n, to&agrave;n v&#7865n l&atilde;nh th&#7893 v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n s&#7921 h&#7907p t&aacute;c b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng gi&#7919a c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c. M&#7863t kh&aacute;c, h&#7879 th&#7889ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&atilde; n&acirc;ng cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh cho h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh th&#7871 gi&#7899i l&ecirc;n t&#7847m cao m&#7899i khi g&#7855n h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh v&#7899i c&aacute;c m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c, d&acirc;n ch&#7911 v&agrave; ti&#7871n b&#7897 x&atilde; h&#7897i.<br /> <br /> Nh&#432 v&#7853y, c&oacute; th&#7875 th&#7845y, ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i &ldquo;sinh th&agrave;nh&rdquo; t&#7915 n&#432&#7899c Nga X&ocirc;-vi&#7871t &#273&atilde; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh m&#7897t th&#7921c th&#7875 quan tr&#7885ng c&#7845u th&agrave;nh n&#7873n ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 th&#7871 gi&#7899i v&agrave; t&aacute;c &#273&#7897ng s&acirc;u r&#7897ng &#273&#7871n quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871, &#273&#7871n s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a n&#7873n v&#259n minh nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i. H&#7879 th&#7889ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273&atilde; nh&acirc;n l&ecirc;n s&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7911a phong tr&agrave;o &#273&#7845u tranh b&#7843o v&#7879 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, s&#7921 s&#7889ng v&agrave; n&#7873n v&#259n minh nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i, ch&#7889ng chi&#7871n tranh v&agrave; nguy c&#417 chi&#7871n tranh, g&oacute;p ph&#7847n c&#7911ng c&#7889, ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n t&igrave;nh h&#7919u ngh&#7883 v&agrave; s&#7921 h&#7907p t&aacute;c gi&#7919a c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c.<br /> <br /> <strong>Ti&#7871p t&#7909c ph&#7845t cao ng&#7885n c&#7901 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh c&#7911a C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i</strong><br /> <br /> K&#7875 t&#7915 &#273&#7847u th&#7853p ni&ecirc;n 90 c&#7911a th&#7871 k&#7927 XX &#273&#7871n nay, sau khi m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#7903 Li&ecirc;n X&ocirc; v&agrave; c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c &#272&ocirc;ng &Acirc;u s&#7909p &#273&#7893, th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273&atilde; c&oacute; nh&#7919ng bi&#7871n chuy&#7875n s&acirc;u s&#7855c, nhanh ch&oacute;ng, ph&#7913c t&#7841p, kh&oacute; l&#432&#7901ng. Trong tr&#7853t t&#7921 th&#7871 gi&#7899i m&#7899i &#273&atilde; di&#7877n ra xu h&#432&#7899ng chuy&#7875n t&#7915 &#273&#7889i &#273&#7847u sang &#273&#7889i tho&#7841i, h&ograve;a ho&atilde;n, b&igrave;nh th&#432&#7901ng h&oacute;a, &#273a d&#7841ng h&oacute;a v&agrave; &#273a ph&#432&#417ng h&oacute;a quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871, v&#7915a h&#7907p t&aacute;c, v&#7915a c&#7841nh tranh v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, nh&#432ng v&#7851n ti&#7873m &#7849n nh&#7919ng nguy c&#417 xung &#273&#7897t, chi&#7871n tranh c&#7909c b&#7897, khu v&#7921c. C&aacute;c v&#7845n &#273&#7873 to&agrave;n c&#7847u ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng gay g&#7855t, &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i s&#7921 h&#7907p s&#7913c c&#7911a t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c qu&#7889c gia. M&#7895i qu&#7889c gia &#273&#7873u ph&#7843i tham gia &#273&#7845u tranh &#273&#7875 ti&#7871n t&#7899i thi&#7871t l&#7853p m&#7897t tr&#7853t t&#7921 quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871 c&ocirc;ng b&#7857ng h&#417n, trong &#273&oacute;, m&#7895i n&#432&#7899c &#273&#7873u c&oacute; vai tr&ograve;, &#273&oacute;ng g&oacute;p c&#7847n thi&#7871t trong vi&#7879c gi&#7843i quy&#7871t c&aacute;c c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c chung c&#7911a th&#7871 gi&#7899i, tr&ecirc;n n&#7873n t&#7843ng Hi&#7871n ch&#432&#417ng c&#7911a Li&ecirc;n h&#7907p qu&#7889c v&agrave; c&aacute;c cam k&#7871t khu v&#7921c, qu&#7889c t&#7871. Khi nh&#7919ng s&#7921 vi&#7879c x&#7843y ra g&#7847n &#273&acirc;y xung quanh v&#7845n &#273&#7873 Xy-ri, t&#7915 n&#432&#7899c Nga, qu&ecirc; h&#432&#417ng c&#7911a C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i, T&#7893ng th&#7889ng Li&ecirc;n bang Nga Vla-&#273i-mia Pu-tin &#273&atilde; c&oacute; b&agrave;i vi&#7871t g&#7917i t&#7901 New Yorks Times (M&#7929), nh&#7845n m&#7841nh m&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c &#273&#7875 gi&#7843i quy&#7871t v&#7845n &#273&#7873 kh&#7911ng ho&#7843ng ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 c&#361ng nh&#432 xung &#273&#7897t v&#361 trang l&agrave; ph&#7843i t&ocirc;n tr&#7885ng Hi&#7871n ch&#432&#417ng c&#7911a Li&ecirc;n h&#7907p qu&#7889c, t&ocirc;n tr&#7885ng nh&#7919ng gi&aacute; tr&#7883 d&acirc;n ch&#7911 c&#7911a m&#7895i qu&#7889c gia, d&acirc;n t&#7897c, tr&ecirc;n nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng, &#273&#7873 cao gi&#7843i ph&aacute;p ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 v&agrave; gi&#432&#417ng cao ng&#7885n c&#7901 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh: &ldquo;Nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i s&aacute;ng l&#7853p Li&ecirc;n h&#7907p qu&#7889c hi&#7875u r&otilde; r&#7857ng nh&#7919ng quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh v&#7873 chi&#7871n tranh v&agrave; h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh c&#7847n ph&#7843i &#273&#7841t &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7921 nh&#7845t tr&iacute;,&hellip; &#272i&#7873u &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n n&agrave;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; n&#7873n t&#7843ng cho s&#7921 &#7893n &#273&#7883nh trong m&#7889i quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871 su&#7889t h&agrave;ng th&#7853p ni&ecirc;n qua&rdquo;. V&agrave; r&#7857ng, khi gi&#7843i quy&#7871t nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 khu v&#7921c v&agrave; to&agrave;n c&#7847u, &ldquo;Ch&uacute;ng ta ph&#7843i d&#7915ng ngay vi&#7879c s&#7917 d&#7909ng v&#361 l&#7921c &#273&#7875 tr&#7903 l&#7841i v&#7899i con &#273&#432&#7901ng ngo&#7841i giao v&agrave; gi&#7843i ph&aacute;p ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883&rdquo;; &ldquo;C&oacute; n&#432&#7899c l&#7899n, n&#432&#7899c nh&#7887, c&oacute; n&#432&#7899c gi&agrave;u n&#432&#7899c ngh&egrave;o, c&oacute; n&#432&#7899c c&oacute; truy&#7873n th&#7889ng d&acirc;n ch&#7911 l&acirc;u d&agrave;i, v&agrave; c&oacute; n&#432&#7899c m&#7899i ch&#7881 &#273ang &#273i tr&ecirc;n con &#273&#432&#7901ng h&#432&#7899ng t&#7899i d&acirc;n ch&#7911. Ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch c&#7911a m&#7895i n&#432&#7899c c&#361ng s&#7869 kh&aacute;c nhau. Ch&uacute;ng ta &#273&#7873u kh&aacute;c nhau, nh&#432ng khi m&#7895i ch&uacute;ng ta nh&#7853n &#417n t&#7915 T&#7841o h&oacute;a, ch&uacute;ng ta kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#432&#7907c ph&eacute;p qu&ecirc;n r&#7857ng T&#7841o h&oacute;a &#273&atilde; sinh ra ch&uacute;ng ta b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng&rdquo;(6).<br /> <br /> V&#7899i t&#432 c&aacute;ch l&agrave; m&#7897t th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n c&oacute; tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879m trong c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng qu&#7889c t&#7871, su&#7889t g&#7847n 7 th&#7853p ni&ecirc;n qua (1945 - 2013), n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam D&acirc;n ch&#7911 C&#7897ng h&ograve;a, nay l&agrave; C&#7897ng h&ograve;a x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a Vi&#7879t Nam, &#273&atilde; l&agrave;m h&#7871t s&#7913c m&igrave;nh &#273&#7875 hi&#7879n th&#7921c h&oacute;a nh&#7919ng tuy&ecirc;n ng&ocirc;n v&#7873 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh c&#7911a C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i v&agrave; c&#7911a Tuy&ecirc;n ng&ocirc;n &#273&#7897c l&#7853p ng&agrave;y 2-9-1945 tr&ecirc;n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c m&igrave;nh v&agrave; cho nh&#7919ng m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u cao c&#7843 c&#7911a th&#7901i &#273&#7841i. V&#7899i kh&aacute;t v&#7885ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, t&#7921 do, Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&atilde; &#273&oacute;ng g&oacute;p t&iacute;ch c&#7921c v&agrave;o s&#7921 nghi&#7879p b&#7843o v&#7879 v&agrave; c&#7911ng c&#7889 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, an ninh khu v&#7921c v&agrave; qu&#7889c t&#7871. &#272&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh c&#7911a Vi&#7879t Nam, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t trong th&#7901i k&#7923 kh&aacute;ng chi&#7871n ch&#7889ng th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p v&agrave; ch&#7889ng M&#7929, c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c &#273&atilde; c&oacute; ti&#7871ng vang l&#7899n, &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7921 &#7911ng h&#7897 v&agrave; h&#432&#7903ng &#7913ng m&#7841nh m&#7869 c&#7911a c&aacute;c t&#7847ng l&#7899p nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&aacute;c qu&#7889c gia, d&acirc;n t&#7897c tr&ecirc;n to&agrave;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i. <br /> <br /> S&#7921 nghi&#7879p &#273&#7893i m&#7899i, &#273&#7849y m&#7841nh c&ocirc;ng nghi&#7879p h&oacute;a, hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i h&oacute;a &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, do &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam kh&#7903i x&#432&#7899ng v&agrave; l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o di&#7877n ra trong b&#7889i c&#7843nh qu&#7889c t&#7871 c&oacute; nhi&#7873u v&#7853n h&#7897i, th&#7901i c&#417 l&#7899n &#273an xen v&#7899i nhi&#7873u th&aacute;ch th&#7913c, nguy c&#417 kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 xem th&#432&#7901ng. &#272&#7841i h&#7897i XI c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng nh&#7853n &#273&#7883nh: &ldquo;N&#432&#7899c ta b&#432&#7899c v&agrave;o th&#7901i k&#7923 chi&#7871n l&#432&#7907c m&#7899i trong b&#7889i c&#7843nh th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273ang thay &#273&#7893i r&#7845t nhanh, ph&#7913c t&#7841p, kh&oacute; l&#432&#7901ng. H&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, h&#7907p t&aacute;c v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n v&#7851n l&agrave; xu th&#7871 l&#7899n, nh&#432ng xung &#273&#7897t s&#7855c t&#7897c, t&ocirc;n gi&aacute;o, chi&#7871n tranh c&#7909c b&#7897, can thi&#7879p, l&#7853t &#273&#7893, kh&#7911ng b&#7889 v&#7851n di&#7877n ra gay g&#7855t; c&aacute;c y&#7871u t&#7889 &#273e d&#7885a an ninh phi truy&#7873n th&#7889ng, t&#7897i ph&#7841m c&ocirc;ng ngh&#7879 cao ti&#7871p t&#7909c gia t&#259ng. Nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 to&agrave;n c&#7847u, nh&#432 an ninh t&agrave;i ch&iacute;nh, an ninh n&#259ng l&#432&#7907ng, an ninh l&#432&#417ng th&#7921c, bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i kh&iacute; h&#7853u, thi&ecirc;n tai, d&#7883ch b&#7879nh... s&#7869 ti&#7871p t&#7909c di&#7877n bi&#7871n ph&#7913c t&#7841p... Khu v&#7921c ch&acirc;u &Aacute; - Th&aacute;i B&igrave;nh D&#432&#417ng, trong &#273&oacute; c&oacute; khu v&#7921c &#272&ocirc;ng Nam &Aacute;, l&agrave; khu v&#7921c ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n n&#259ng &#273&#7897ng nh&#432ng v&#7851n t&#7891n t&#7841i nhi&#7873u nh&acirc;n t&#7889 g&acirc;y m&#7845t &#7893n &#273&#7883nh; tranh ch&#7845p l&atilde;nh th&#7893, bi&#7875n, &#273&#7843o ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng gay g&#7855t&rdquo;(7). N&#7855m b&#7855t th&#7901i c&#417, v&#432&#7907t qua th&aacute;ch th&#7913c, &#273&#7849y m&#7841nh to&agrave;n di&#7879n v&agrave; s&acirc;u r&#7897ng s&#7921 nghi&#7879p &#273&#7893i m&#7899i, t&iacute;ch c&#7921c, ch&#7911 &#273&#7897ng trong h&#7897i nh&#7853p qu&#7889c t&#7871 c&#361ng l&agrave; qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh Vi&#7879t Nam nh&#7853n th&#7913c s&acirc;u s&#7855c ph&#7843i th&#7921c thi c&oacute; hi&#7879u qu&#7843, t&iacute;ch c&#7921c h&#417n n&#7919a vi&#7879c gi&#7843i quy&#7871t c&aacute;c v&#7845n &#273&#7873 c&#7911a khu v&#7921c v&agrave; th&#7871 gi&#7899i b&#7857ng ch&iacute;nh th&#7921c l&#7921c c&#7911a &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c &#273&#432&#7907c t&#7841o ra sau g&#7847n 30 n&#259m &#273&#7893i m&#7899i, b&#7857ng &#273&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, t&#7921 ch&#7911, &#273a d&#7841ng h&oacute;a, &#273a ph&#432&#417ng h&oacute;a c&aacute;c quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871, Vi&#7879t Nam s&#7861n s&agrave;ng l&agrave; b&#7841n v&agrave; l&agrave; &#273&#7889i t&aacute;c tin c&#7853y c&#7911a t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c trong c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng qu&#7889c t&#7871, ph&#7845n &#273&#7845u v&igrave; m&#7897t th&#7871 gi&#7899i h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng.<br /> <br /> T&#7915 b&#7889i c&#7843nh t&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh trong n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; qu&#7889c t&#7871 hi&#7879n nay, &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh, &#273&#7875 b&#7843o v&#7879 v&#7919ng ch&#7855c n&#7873n h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, gi&#7843i quy&#7871t nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 c&oacute; t&iacute;nh to&agrave;n c&#7847u kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&agrave; tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879m c&#7911a ri&ecirc;ng m&#7897t qu&#7889c gia n&agrave;o, m&agrave; &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i s&#7921 h&#7907p s&#7913c, n&#7895 l&#7921c c&#7911a t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c trong c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng qu&#7889c t&#7871. C&#7847n ph&#7843i b&#7843o &#273&#7843m c&aacute;c nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c c&#417 b&#7843n trong quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871: c&ugrave;ng t&#7891n t&#7841i h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, t&#432&#417ng tr&#7907, gi&uacute;p &#273&#7905 nhau nh&#432ng kh&ocirc;ng can thi&#7879p v&agrave;o c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c n&#7897i b&#7897 c&#7911a nhau; kh&ocirc;ng ph&acirc;n bi&#7879t &#273&#7889i x&#7917 trong c&aacute;c quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871 b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng, c&ugrave;ng c&oacute; l&#7907i, gi&#7843i quy&#7871t nh&#7919ng b&#7845t &#273&#7891ng, xung &#273&#7897t b&#7857ng con &#273&#432&#7901ng ngo&#7841i giao, &#273&agrave;m ph&aacute;n h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh v&#7899i tinh th&#7847n thi&#7879n ch&iacute;, nh&acirc;n v&#259n; &#273&#7873 cao &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, t&#7921 ch&#7911, nh&#432ng kh&ocirc;ng bi&#7879t l&#7853p trong quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871. &#272&oacute; c&#361ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; s&#7921 ti&#7871p n&#7889i v&agrave; ph&#7845t cao ng&#7885n c&#7901 h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, h&#7919u ngh&#7883, h&#7907p t&aacute;c v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i Nga trong b&#7889i c&#7843nh m&#7899i c&#7911a &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; th&#7901i &#273&#7841i./.<br /> <br /> --------------------------------------<br /> <em><br /> (1) V. I. L&ecirc;-nin: To&agrave;n t&#7853p, Nxb. Ti&#7871n b&#7897, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, 1976, t. 35, tr. 15<br /> <br /> (2) V. I. L&ecirc;-nin: S&#273d, t. 35, tr. 15<br /> <br /> (3) V. I. L&ecirc;-nin: S&#273d, t. 35, tr. 14 <br /> <br /> (4) V. I. L&ecirc;-nin: S&#273d, t. 35, tr. 19<br /> <br /> (5) C&#432&#417ng l&#297nh, &#272i&#7873u l&#7879 &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Li&ecirc;n X&ocirc; (&#273&#432&#7907c &#272&#7841i h&#7897i XXVII &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Li&ecirc;n X&ocirc; th&ocirc;ng qua), Nxb. S&#7921 th&#7853t - Nxb. Th&ocirc;ng t&#7845n N&ocirc;-v&ocirc;-xti, M&aacute;t-xc&#417-va, 1986, tr. 10-11<br /> <br /> (6) Xem B&agrave;i vi&#7871t c&#7911a V. Pu-tin tr&ecirc;n New York Times: vnexpress.net/.../bai-viet-cua-putin-tren-new-york-times-2879043.html, ng&agrave;y13-9-2013<br /> <br /> (7) V&#259n ki&#7879n &#272&#7841i h&#7897i &#273&#7841i bi&#7875u to&agrave;n qu&#7889c l&#7847n th&#7913 XI, Nxb. Ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 qu&#7889c gia - S&#7921 th&#7853t, H&agrave; N&#7897i, 2011, tr. 27-29</em><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> <strong>TS. &#272&#7894 XU&Acirc;N TU&#7844T</strong><br /> <em>Ph&oacute; V&#7909 tr&#432&#7903ng V&#7909 T&#7893 ch&#7913c C&aacute;n b&#7897, <br /> H&#7885c vi&#7879n Ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 - H&agrave;nh ch&iacute;nh qu&#7889c gia H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh</em><br /> <br /> (Ngu&#7891n: TCCS)<br /> <br /> </span></span></div> </meta> </div> <div>&nbsp;</div> </html>

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