Ngoại giao nhân dân theo tư tưởng Hồ Chí Minh

<html> <head> <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8'> <title> </title> </head> <div> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <title></title> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong>Ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n theo t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh </strong><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">T&#432 t&#432&#7903ng &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i v&agrave; phong c&aacute;ch ngo&#7841i giao c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i l&agrave; s&#7921 k&#7871t tinh truy&#7873n th&#7889ng c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; tinh hoa c&#7911a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i, trong &#273&oacute; ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n l&agrave; m&#7897t &ldquo;binh ch&#7911ng&rdquo; &#273a k&ecirc;nh v&agrave; &#273a n&#259ng quan tr&#7885ng, c&ugrave;ng v&#7899i ngo&#7841i giao &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c h&#7907p th&agrave;nh n&#7873n ngo&#7841i giao t&#7893ng h&#7907p c&#7911a qu&#7889c gia.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><img width="250" height="187" alt="" src="Tap%20chi%20tuyen%20giao.jpg" /><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><em><br /> &#272&#7841i bi&#7875u thanh ni&ecirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam d&#7921 &#273&ecirc;m h&#7897i li&ecirc;n hoan Thanh ni&ecirc;n Vi&ecirc;t Nam-Trung Qu&#7889c - 2010. (&#7842nh minh h&#7885a - TTXVN)</em></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, v&#7883 l&atilde;nh t&#7909 k&iacute;nh y&ecirc;u c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng, &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&agrave; nh&agrave; ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 l&#7895i l&#7841c, danh nh&acirc;n v&#259n h&oacute;a m&agrave; c&ograve;n l&agrave; nh&agrave; ngo&#7841i giao ki&#7879t xu&#7845t. T&#432 t&#432&#7903ng &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i v&agrave; phong c&aacute;ch ngo&#7841i giao c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i l&agrave; s&#7921 k&#7871t tinh truy&#7873n th&#7889ng c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; tinh hoa c&#7911a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i, trong &#273&oacute; ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n l&agrave; m&#7897t &ldquo;binh ch&#7911ng&rdquo; &#273a k&ecirc;nh v&agrave; &#273a n&#259ng quan tr&#7885ng, c&ugrave;ng v&#7899i ngo&#7841i giao &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c h&#7907p th&agrave;nh n&#7873n ngo&#7841i giao t&#7893ng h&#7907p c&#7911a qu&#7889c gia. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> S&#7921 h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng ngo&#7841i giao H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, trong &#273&oacute; c&oacute; ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i cu&#7897c &#273&#7901i ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i qua nh&#7919ng giai &#273o&#7841n l&#7883ch s&#7917 &#273&#7847y bi&#7871n c&#7889 c&#7911a t&igrave;nh h&igrave;nh th&#7871 gi&#7899i v&agrave; trong n&#432&#7899c. T&#432 t&#432&#7903ng ngo&#7841i giao H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh v&#7899i nh&#7919ng n&#7897i dung ch&#7911 y&#7871u nh&#432: C&aacute;c quy&#7873n d&acirc;n t&#7897c c&#417 b&#7843n, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i, k&#7871t h&#7907p s&#7913c m&#7841nh d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&#7899i s&#7913c m&#7841nh th&#7901i &#273&#7841i, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p t&#7921 ch&#7911, t&#7921 l&#7921c t&#7921 c&#432&#7901ng g&#7855n v&#7899i &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t v&agrave; m&#7903 r&#7897ng h&#7907p t&aacute;c qu&#7889c t&#7871, v.v... trong &#273&oacute; ngo&#7841i giao l&agrave; m&#7897t m&#7863t tr&#7853n l&agrave; m&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng n&#7897i dung c&#7889t l&otilde;i. Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh t&#7915ng n&oacute;i: &ldquo;D&ugrave;ng binh gi&#7887i nh&#7845t l&agrave; &#273&aacute;nh b&#7857ng m&#432u. Th&#7913 hai &#273&aacute;nh b&#7857ng ngo&#7841i giao. Th&#7913 ba m&#7899i l&agrave; &#273&aacute;nh b&#7857ng binh&rdquo;, v&agrave; c&#361ng theo quan &#273i&#7875m c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i &ldquo;ngo&#7841i giao ai thu&#7853n l&#7907i h&#417n, th&igrave; th&#7855ng&rdquo; (1), nh&#7845t l&agrave; &ldquo;sau v&#7845n &#273&#7873 ph&ograve;ng th&#7911, ngo&#7841i giao l&agrave; m&#7897t v&#7845n &#273&#7873 c&#7847n y&#7871u cho m&#7897t n&#432&#7899c &#273&#7897c l&#7853p&rdquo; (2). V&igrave; v&#7853y, Ng&#432&#7901i kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh: &ldquo;Th&#7921c l&#7921c l&agrave; c&aacute;i chi&ecirc;ng m&agrave; ngo&#7841i giao l&agrave; c&aacute;i ti&#7871ng. Chi&ecirc;ng c&oacute; to ti&#7871ng m&#7899i l&#7899n&rdquo;, n&ecirc;n &ldquo;mu&#7889n ngo&#7841i giao &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7855ng l&#7907i l&agrave; ph&#7843i bi&#7875u d&#432&#417ng th&#7921c l&#7921c&rdquo;.<br /> Th&#7921c hi&#7879n theo quan &#273i&#7875m, t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i, sau khi Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam D&acirc;n ch&#7911 C&#7897ng h&ograve;a ra &#273&#7901i, v&agrave; &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; trong nh&#7919ng n&#259m kh&aacute;ng chi&#7871n ch&#7889ng th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p, ch&#7889ng &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c M&#7929 x&acirc;m l&#432&#7907c, vi&#7879c ph&#7889i h&#7907p &#273&#7845u tranh ngo&#7841i giao v&#7899i &#273&#7845u tranh ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, qu&acirc;n s&#7921 c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng, Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta &#273&atilde; g&oacute;p ph&#7847n to l&#7899n v&agrave;o th&#7855ng l&#7907i c&#7911a to&agrave;n d&acirc;n t&#7897c. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Ki&ecirc;n &#273&#7883nh m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u nh&#7845t qu&aacute;n l&agrave; &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i, &#272&#7843ng ta v&agrave; l&atilde;nh t&#7909 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; ph&aacute;t huy m&#7885i ngu&#7891n l&#7921c c&#7911a &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i v&#7899i vi&#7879c &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t, tranh th&#7911 s&#7921 &#7911ng h&#7897 v&agrave; h&#7907p t&aacute;c qu&#7889c t&#7871, &#273&#7875 ki&ecirc;n &#273&#7883nh con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng &#273&atilde; l&#7921a ch&#7885n. Trong m&#7885i &ldquo;ngu&#7891n l&#7921c&rdquo; &#273&oacute;, ngo&#7841i giao, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n &#273&#432&#7907c ch&uacute; tr&#7885ng v&agrave; &#273&atilde; ph&aacute;t huy vai tr&ograve; to l&#7899n, v&igrave; &#273&#7845u tranh ngo&#7841i giao kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 &#273&#417n thu&#7847n ph&#7843n &aacute;nh c&#7909c di&#7879n cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh tr&ecirc;n chi&#7871n tr&#432&#7901ng, m&agrave; c&ograve;n lu&ocirc;n gi&#7919 vai tr&ograve; quan tr&#7885ng t&iacute;ch c&#7921c v&agrave; ch&#7911 &#273&#7897ng, &#273&#7875 bi&#7875u d&#432&#417ng v&agrave; nh&acirc;n ngu&#7891n s&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7911a th&#7921c l&#7921c.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Trong l&#7883ch s&#7917 quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871, c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh c&aacute;c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng ngo&#7841i giao d&#432&#7899i nhi&#7873u h&igrave;nh th&#7913c kh&aacute;c nhau, nh&#432ng quy t&#7909 l&#7841i th&agrave;nh hai lo&#7841i ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ngo&#7841i giao nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n. Ngo&#7841i giao nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c l&agrave; m&#7889i quan h&#7879 gi&#7919a ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911 v&#7899i ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911 c&#7911a c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c c&oacute; ch&#7911 quy&#7873n, gi&#7919a c&aacute;c nh&agrave; l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&#7911a c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c. C&aacute;c quan ch&#7913c l&agrave;m vi&#7879c trong c&aacute;c &#273&#7841i s&#7913 qu&aacute;n ho&#7863c c&#417 quan &#273&#7841i di&#7879n ngo&#7841i giao c&#7911a m&#7897t n&#432&#7899c &#7903 n&#432&#7899c ngo&agrave;i l&agrave; nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#7841i di&#7879n cho ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911 &#7903 n&#432&#7899c s&#7903 t&#7841i. Ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n l&agrave; m&#7897t h&igrave;nh th&#7913c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng quan h&#7879 &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i do c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c, c&aacute;c &#273o&agrave;n th&#7875, ho&#7863c c&aacute; nh&acirc;n thu&#7897c nhi&#7873u l&#297nh v&#7921c ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh, kh&ocirc;ng mang t&iacute;nh ch&#7845t ch&iacute;nh th&#7913c c&#7911a Ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911. C&oacute; nhi&#7873u h&igrave;nh th&#7913c phong ph&uacute;: g&#7863p g&#7905, c&aacute;c cu&#7897c &#273i th&#259m, h&#7897i &#273&agrave;m, trao &#273&#7893i &yacute; ki&#7871n, festival&hellip;</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n l&agrave; ph&aacute;t huy &ldquo;s&#7913c m&#7841nh m&#7873m&rdquo; (3) c&#7911a m&#7897t n&#432&#7899c, h&#7895 tr&#7907 cho ngo&#7841i giao nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c &#273&#7875 th&#7921c hi&#7879n ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i m&agrave; ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911 n&#432&#7899c &#273&oacute; &#273&#7873 ra. Ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n l&agrave; l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a m&#7863t tr&#7853n ngo&#7841i giao v&agrave; &#432u th&#7871 c&#7911a ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n l&agrave; c&oacute; th&#7875 &#273i &#273&#7847u, c&oacute; th&#7875 &#273i tr&#432&#7899c t&#7841i nh&#7919ng n&#432&#7899c, nh&#7919ng khu v&#7921c v&agrave; v&#7873 m&#7897t s&#7889 v&#7845n &#273&#7873 m&agrave; ngo&#7841i giao ch&iacute;nh th&#7913c c&#7911a nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c ch&#432a c&oacute; &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n tri&#7875n khai.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Tham gia l&agrave;m ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n g&#7891m c&aacute;c &#273o&agrave;n th&#7875, qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng, c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 x&atilde; h&#7897i, c&aacute;c h&#7897i ngh&#7873 nghi&#7879p, to&agrave;n th&#7875 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n v&agrave; nhi&#7873u khi c&#7843 t&#7893 ch&#7913c &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; c&#417 quan nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c. &#272&#432&#7907c Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh quan t&acirc;m t&#7915 r&#7845t s&#7899m v&agrave; mang d&#7845u &#7845n ri&ecirc;ng c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i, ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n l&agrave; m&#7897t n&#7897i dung quan tr&#7885ng trong ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng, Ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911 Vi&#7879t Nam, th&#7875 hi&#7879n r&otilde; trong s&#7921 nghi&#7879p &#273&#7845u tranh gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; x&acirc;y d&#7921ng m&#7897t n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, th&#7889ng nh&#7845t v&agrave; XHCN.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n &#273&#432&#7907c Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh coi l&agrave; m&#7897t l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a m&#7863t tr&#7853n &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i. B&#7903i v&igrave; theo H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, ngo&#7841i giao kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&agrave; vi&#7879c ri&ecirc;ng c&#7911a &ldquo;c&aacute;c &#273&#7841i s&#7913 qu&aacute;n, t&#7893ng l&atilde;nh s&#7921 qu&aacute;n l&agrave; nh&#7919ng c&#417 quan chuy&ecirc;n m&ocirc;n ph&#7909 tr&aacute;ch, m&agrave; c&ograve;n l&agrave; c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c kh&aacute;c nh&#432 ngo&#7841i th&#432&#417ng, v&#259n h&oacute;a, thanh ni&ecirc;n, ph&#7909 n&#7919, c&ocirc;ng &#273o&agrave;n c&#361ng &#273&#7873u l&agrave;m ngo&#7841i giao c&#7843&rdquo; (4). &#272&acirc;y l&agrave; quan &#273i&#7875m xu&#7845t ph&aacute;t t&#7915 t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng l&#7845y d&acirc;n l&agrave;m g&#7889c c&#7911a cha &ocirc;ng ta, &#273&#432&#7907c Ng&#432&#7901i k&#7871 th&#7915a v&agrave; n&acirc;ng l&ecirc;n m&#7897t b&#432&#7899c: c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng l&agrave; s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&#7911a qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng, nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i s&aacute;ng t&#7841o ra l&#7883ch s&#7917. V&#7853y ngo&#7841i giao c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7863t tr&#7853n kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 thi&#7871u s&#7921 tham gia c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n.<br /> H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh ch&#7911 tr&#432&#417ng &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i r&#7897ng m&#7903, m&#7903 r&#7897ng l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng theo ph&#432&#417ng ch&acirc;m &ldquo;th&ecirc;m b&#7841n, b&#7899t th&ugrave;&rdquo;, tr&aacute;nh &#273&#7889i &#273&#7847u &ldquo;kh&ocirc;ng g&acirc;y th&ugrave; o&aacute;n v&#7899i m&#7897t ai&rdquo;, t&igrave;m ra nh&#7919ng &#273i&#7875m t&#432&#417ng &#273&#7891ng, khai th&aacute;c m&#7885i kh&#7843 n&#259ng c&oacute; th&#7875 nh&#7857m t&#7853p h&#7907p l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng, h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh m&#7863t tr&#7853n &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t &#7911ng h&#7897 Vi&#7879t Nam theo nhi&#7873u t&#7847ng, nhi&#7873u n&#7845c. Ng&#432&#7901i t&#7915ng n&oacute;i: &ldquo;&#272&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i t&#7845n c&ocirc;ng v&agrave;o l&ograve;ng ng&#432&#7901i, chinh ph&#7909c b&#7857ng &#273&#7841o l&yacute;, chuy&#7875n h&oacute;a b&#7857ng nh&acirc;n t&igrave;nh, thuy&#7871t ph&#7909c l&ograve;ng ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#7875 nh&acirc;n l&ecirc;n s&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a&rdquo;. Nh&#432 v&#7853y, v&#7899i H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, ngo&#7841i giao kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 l&agrave; s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&#7911a to&agrave;n d&acirc;n, m&agrave; c&ograve;n ph&#7843i l&ocirc;i k&eacute;o, thuy&#7871t ph&#7909c b&#7857ng ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a &#273&#7875 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n v&agrave; b&#7841n b&egrave; th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#7911ng h&#7897, gi&uacute;p &#273&#7905 m&igrave;nh.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> &#272&#7875 th&#7921c hi&#7879n ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n r&#7897ng m&#7903, t&#7853p h&#7907p c&aacute;c l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t v&#7899i Vi&#7879t Nam, theo H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, v&#7845n &#273&#7873 quan tr&#7885ng h&agrave;ng &#273&#7847u l&agrave; ph&#7843i l&agrave;m cho nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i hi&#7875u r&otilde; v&#7873 Vi&#7879t Nam, v&#7873 cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta. V&agrave; mu&#7889n t&#259ng c&#432&#7901ng &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t, theo quan &#273i&#7875m c&#7911a Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh l&agrave; ph&#7843i th&ocirc;ng qua &#273&#7845u tranh v&agrave; &ldquo;m&#7909c &#273&iacute;ch c&#7911a ta l&agrave; v&igrave; &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t, v&igrave; &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t m&agrave; ph&#7843i tranh &#273&#7845u. Tranh &#273&#7845u &#273&#7875 &#273&#7871n &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t ch&#7913 kh&ocirc;ng n&oacute;i x&#7845u ai&rdquo; (5). &#272o&agrave;n k&#7871t h&#7907p t&aacute;c v&#7899i b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i &#273&#7875 t&#259ng c&#432&#7901ng s&#7913c m&#7841nh b&ecirc;n trong, nh&acirc;n ngu&#7891n s&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7911a b&ecirc;n trong, v&igrave; v&#7853y, ph&#7843i x&acirc;y d&#7921ng th&#7921c l&#7921c s&#7913c m&#7841nh &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c l&agrave;m n&#7873n t&#7843ng, &#273&#7875 thu h&uacute;t s&#7921 &#7911ng h&#7897 c&#7911a qu&#7889c t&#7871. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n nh&#7853n th&#7913c &#273&#432&#7907c t&#7847m quan tr&#7885ng v&agrave; gi&#7843i quy&#7871t &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n m&#7889i quan h&#7879 gi&#7919a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam v&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7871 gi&#7899i. T&#7915 &#273&oacute; Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#7863t c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam trong ti&#7871n tr&igrave;nh chung c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7901i &#273&#7841i. Trong t&aacute;c ph&#7849m &#272&#432&#7901ng k&aacute;ch m&#7879nh (1927), Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c &#273&atilde; x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh: &ldquo;C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng An Nam c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7897t b&#7897 ph&#7853n trong c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7871 gi&#7899i. Ai l&agrave;m c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273&#7873u l&agrave; &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n An Nam c&#7843&rdquo; (6). V&agrave; khi C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng T&aacute;m 1945 th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng, ngay t&#7915 nh&#7919ng ng&agrave;y n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam D&acirc;n ch&#7911 C&#7897ng h&ograve;a c&ograve;n non tr&#7867, Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; ch&#7881 &#273&#7841o th&agrave;nh l&#7853p c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n &#7903 trong n&#432&#7899c &#273&#7875 ti&#7871p c&#7853n v&#7899i phong tr&agrave;o h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh v&agrave; &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7871 gi&#7899i. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> &#272&#7843ng ta v&agrave; Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh lu&ocirc;n x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh r&otilde; m&#7889i quan h&#7879 gi&#7919a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam v&#7899i phong tr&agrave;o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&ocirc; s&#7843n, v&#7899i phong tr&agrave;o gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c, v&#7899i phong tr&agrave;o h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, d&acirc;n ch&#7911 v&agrave; ti&#7871n b&#7897 tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i. N&#259m 1948, khi ta gi&agrave;nh &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7855ng l&#7907i tr&ecirc;n chi&#7871n tr&#432&#7901ng, nh&#432ng v&#7873 ngo&#7841i giao, th&#7871 gi&#7899i ch&#432a bi&#7871t nhi&#7873u v&#7873 cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh b&#7843o v&#7879 n&#7873n &#273&#7897c l&#7853p c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c ta. Khi &#7845y, ch&iacute;nh Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; ch&#7881 &#273&#7841o vi&#7879c t&#7893 ch&#7913c m&#7897t &#273o&agrave;n c&aacute;n b&#7897 &#273&#432&#7907c tuy&#7875n ch&#7885n t&#7915 c&aacute;c ng&agrave;nh d&acirc;n, ch&iacute;nh, &#272&#7843ng ra n&#432&#7899c ngo&agrave;i &#273&#7875 tuy&ecirc;n truy&#7873n v&#7873 cu&#7897c kh&aacute;ng chi&#7871n, nh&#7857m tranh th&#7911 s&#7921 &#7911ng h&#7897 c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> T&#7841i &#272&#7841i h&#7897i l&#7847n th&#7913 II c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng, th&aacute;ng 2-1951, khi n&ecirc;u kh&aacute;i ni&#7879m v&#7873 ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n v&agrave; t&#7847m quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a n&oacute;, &#272&#7843ng ta &#273&atilde; t&#7921 ki&#7875m &#273i&#7875m: &ldquo;Do ch&#432a nh&#7853n th&#7913c &#273&#7847y &#273&#7911 v&#7873 t&aacute;c d&#7909ng c&#7911a ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, ta ch&#432a c&oacute; k&#7871 ho&#7841ch t&iacute;ch c&#7921c, ki&ecirc;n quy&#7871t v&#432&#7907t qua m&#7885i tr&#7903 l&#7921c, &#273&#7875 x&uacute;c ti&#7871n ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n&rdquo;, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i n&ecirc;u nhi&#7879m v&#7909 ph&#7843i &ldquo;ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n r&#7897ng r&atilde;i&rdquo;, &ldquo;c&#7911ng c&#7889 ngo&#7841i giao v&#7899i Li&ecirc;n X&ocirc;, Trung Qu&#7889c v&agrave; c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c d&acirc;n ch&#7911 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n kh&aacute;c, t&#259ng c&#432&#7901ng vi&#7879c ngo&#7841i giao gi&#7919a &#273o&agrave;n th&#7875 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n n&#432&#7899c ta v&agrave; c&aacute;c &#273o&agrave;n th&#7875 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i&rdquo; (7). &#272&acirc;y l&agrave; m&#7897t s&#7921 ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n s&aacute;ng t&#7841o trong nh&#7853n th&#7913c c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng ta v&agrave; Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh v&#7873 vai tr&ograve; v&agrave; v&#7883 tr&iacute; c&#7911a ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, ph&ugrave; h&#7907p v&#7899i t&iacute;nh ch&#7845t ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a c&#7911a cu&#7897c kh&aacute;ng chi&#7871n ch&#7889ng th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p v&agrave; &#273&#7863t c&#417 s&#7903 cho ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n th&#7901i k&#7923 ti&#7871p theo. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n trong t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh mang t&iacute;nh nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n s&acirc;u s&#7855c, ph&ugrave; h&#7907p v&#7899i kh&aacute;t v&#7885ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, t&#7921 do, c&ocirc;ng l&yacute; c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n y&ecirc;u chu&#7897ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i. &#272&oacute; c&ograve;n l&agrave; c&#417 s&#7903 &#273&#7875 tranh th&#7911 s&#7921 &#273&#7891ng t&igrave;nh, &#7911ng h&#7897 c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i v&agrave; th&#7921c hi&#7879n ph&#432&#417ng ph&aacute;p ngo&#7841i giao &ldquo;t&acirc;m c&ocirc;ng&rdquo;, nh&#7857m &ldquo;tuy&ecirc;n truy&#7873n c&aacute;i ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a c&#7911a ta trong nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c &#273&#7889i ph&#432&#417ng, trong nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i&rdquo;.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Trong cu&#7897c kh&aacute;ng chi&#7871n ch&#7889ng M&#7929 c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c, &#273&#7845u tranh gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng mi&#7873n Nam v&agrave; th&#7889ng nh&#7845t &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, m&#7863t tr&#7853n ngo&#7841i giao, trong &#273&oacute; c&oacute; ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n &#273&atilde; ph&aacute;t huy s&#7913c m&#7841nh m&#7897t c&aacute;ch h&#7919u hi&#7879u. Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; n&oacute;i: &ldquo;Nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n M&#7929 &#273&aacute;nh t&#7915 trong &#273&aacute;nh ra, nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta &#273&aacute;nh t&#7915 ngo&agrave;i &#273&aacute;nh v&agrave;o. Hai b&ecirc;n gi&aacute;p c&ocirc;ng m&#7841nh m&#7869 th&igrave; &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c M&#7929 nh&#7845t &#273&#7883nh s&#7869 thua, nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t - M&#7929 nh&#7845t &#273&#7883nh s&#7869 th&#7855ng. &#272&oacute; s&#7869 l&agrave; th&#7855ng l&#7907i v&#7867 vang c&#7911a m&#7863t tr&#7853n th&#7889ng nh&#7845t nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n hai n&#432&#7899c; m&agrave; c&#361ng l&agrave; th&#7855ng l&#7907i chung c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n y&ecirc;u chu&#7897ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a&rdquo; (8). Ph&#7889i h&#7907p c&ugrave;ng v&#7899i ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng ngo&#7841i giao c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng, Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; c&#7911a Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam D&acirc;n ch&#7911 C&#7897ng h&ograve;a H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, nh&#7919ng ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng ngo&#7841i giao c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta &#7903 mi&#7873n B&#7855c, &#7903 mi&#7873n Nam &#273&atilde; g&oacute;p ph&#7847n h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh m&#7897t m&#7863t tr&#7853n nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#7911ng h&#7897 cu&#7897c chi&#7871n &#273&#7845u ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a v&igrave; &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, t&#7921 do, th&#7889ng nh&#7845t v&agrave; h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, c&ocirc;ng l&yacute; c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Theo l&#7901i Ng&#432&#7901i, &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c chung c&#7911a to&agrave;n &#272&#7843ng, to&agrave;n d&acirc;n, n&ecirc;n m&#7895i ng&#432&#7901i d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&#7873u c&oacute; vinh d&#7921 v&agrave; tr&aacute;ch nhi&#7879m l&agrave; &#273&#7841i di&#7879n cho d&acirc;n t&#7897c m&igrave;nh tr&#432&#7899c b&#7841n b&egrave; th&#7871 gi&#7899i. Ch&iacute;nh Ng&#432&#7901i l&agrave; nh&agrave; ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ti&ecirc;u bi&#7875u v&#7899i phong c&aacute;ch ngo&#7841i giao &ldquo;t&acirc;m c&ocirc;ng&rdquo;, &#273&#7897c &#273&aacute;o v&agrave; l&agrave; t&#7845m g&#432&#417ng m&#7851u m&#7921c v&igrave; s&#7921 nghi&#7879p gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c. H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; d&ugrave;ng tri&#7871t l&yacute; ph&#432&#417ng &#272&ocirc;ng, k&#7871t h&#7907p h&agrave;i h&ograve;a v&#7899i v&#259n h&oacute;a ph&#432&#417ng T&acirc;y trong &#7913ng x&#7917 c&#7911a m&igrave;nh, &#273&#7875 v&#7915a gi&#7919 &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7921 m&#7873m d&#7867o, tinh t&#7871, l&#7841i v&#7915a &#273&#7843m b&#7843o &#273&#432&#7907c nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c, m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, ph&acirc;n h&oacute;a &#273&#432&#7907c k&#7867 th&ugrave;, t&#7845n c&ocirc;ng v&agrave;o l&ograve;ng &#273&#7883ch. Song h&#417n h&#7871t, t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#7873 cao l&ograve;ng nh&acirc;n &aacute;i, th&aacute;i &#273&#7897 ch&acirc;n th&agrave;nh, bi&#7871t th&ocirc;ng c&#7843m, chia s&#7867 &#273&atilde; x&oacute;a b&#7887 ranh gi&#7899i v&agrave; tranh th&#7911 &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7921 &#273&#7891ng t&igrave;nh &#7911ng h&#7897 c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n t&#7841i c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c &#273ang ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh chi&#7871n tranh &#7903 Vi&#7879t Nam.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Trong b&#7889i c&#7843nh th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p &#273&atilde; c&#7889 t&igrave;nh g&acirc;y chi&#7871n v&agrave; bu&#7897c d&acirc;n t&#7897c ta ph&#7843i ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh cu&#7897c kh&aacute;ng chi&#7871n, Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh: &ldquo;Ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i mu&#7889n h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh ngay &#273&#7875 m&aacute;u ng&#432&#7901i Ph&aacute;p v&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t ng&#7915ng ch&#7843y. Nh&#7919ng d&ograve;ng m&aacute;u &#273&#7887 ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i &#273&#7873u qu&yacute; nh&#432 nhau&rdquo;. V&agrave; v&#7899i nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n M&#7929, ph&#7889i h&#7907p v&#7899i ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch ngo&#7841i giao c&#7911a nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam D&acirc;n ch&#7911 C&#7897ng h&ograve;a, Ng&#432&#7901i nhi&#7873u l&#7847n nh&#7845n m&#7841nh r&#7857ng: &ldquo;Ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i ph&acirc;n bi&#7879t r&otilde; r&agrave;ng &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c M&#7929 l&agrave; k&#7867 th&ugrave; v&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n M&#7929 l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i b&#7841n c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam&rdquo;, &#273&#7875 c&oacute; th&ecirc;m &ldquo;nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i b&#7841n qu&yacute; &#7903 trong l&ograve;ng n&#432&#7899c M&#7929&rdquo;.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> &Iacute;t c&oacute; v&#7883 l&atilde;nh t&#7909 n&agrave;o tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i trong khi &#273ang l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh cu&#7897c chi&#7871n tranh ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a &#273&#7875 b&#7843o v&#7879 n&#7873n &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, t&#7921 do c&#7911a T&#7893 qu&#7889c m&igrave;nh, l&#7841i v&#7851n lu&ocirc;n b&agrave;y t&#7887 s&#7921 c&#7843m th&ocirc;ng v&#7899i nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c &#7903 ph&iacute;a b&ecirc;n kia chi&#7871n tuy&#7871n. Trong c&aacute;c b&#7913c th&#432 g&#7917i nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n M&#7929, Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh lu&ocirc;n b&agrave;y t&#7887 r&#7857ng: Ng&#432&#7901i kh&ocirc;ng l&ecirc;n &aacute;n b&#7843n th&acirc;n nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i l&iacute;nh M&#7929 b&#7883 &#273&#432a sang Vi&#7879t Nam, b&#7903i h&#7885, c&#361ng nh&#432 c&aacute;c binh l&iacute;nh thu&#7897c &#273&#7883a tr&#432&#7899c &#273&acirc;y ch&#7859ng qua l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng c&#7909 c&#7911a nh&agrave; c&#7847m quy&#7873n. V&igrave; v&#7853y, Ng&#432&#7901i b&agrave;y t&#7887: &ldquo;Ch&#7859ng nh&#7919ng ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i &#273au x&oacute;t v&igrave; &#273&#7891ng b&agrave;o mi&#7873n Nam ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i ph&#7843i gian kh&#7893, hy sinh, m&agrave; ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i c&#361ng th&#432&#417ng x&oacute;t cho c&aacute;c b&agrave; m&#7865 v&agrave; c&aacute;c ng&#432&#7901i v&#7907 M&#7929 &#273&atilde; m&#7845t con, m&#7845t ch&#7891ng trong cu&#7897c chi&#7871n tranh phi ngh&#297a &#7903 mi&#7873n Nam Vi&#7879t Nam do b&#7885n qu&acirc;n phi&#7879t M&#7929 ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh&rdquo; (9).</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> L&#7883ch s&#7917 d&#7921ng n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; gi&#7919 n&#432&#7899c c&#7911a c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273&#7873u c&oacute; &#273i&#7875m chung l&agrave; &#273&#432&#7907c l&ograve;ng d&acirc;n th&igrave; l&agrave;m vi&#7879c g&igrave; c&#361ng d&#7877. Ng&#7885n c&#7901 &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, t&#7921 do m&agrave; H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh gi&#432&#417ng cao, kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 ph&ugrave; h&#7907p v&agrave; &#273&#432&#7907c l&ograve;ng d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam, m&agrave; c&ograve;n ph&ugrave; h&#7907p t&acirc;m t&#432, khao kh&aacute;t c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ti&#7871n b&#7897, y&ecirc;u chu&#7897ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i. Ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam d&#432&#7899i s&#7921 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i l&agrave; s&#7921 ph&aacute;t huy s&#7913c m&#7841nh &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam v&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ti&#7871n b&#7897 tr&ecirc;n to&agrave;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i trong c&ocirc;ng cu&#7897c chung ch&#7889ng l&#7841i k&#7867 th&ugrave; chung c&#7911a h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; ti&#7871n b&#7897 x&atilde; h&#7897i, v&igrave; v&#7853y h&#7845p d&#7851n v&agrave; quy t&#7909 &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7921 &#273&#7891ng c&#7843m v&agrave; &#7911ng h&#7897 c&#7911a &ldquo;m&#7863t tr&#7853n nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i&rdquo;.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> K&#7871t h&#7907p &#273&#7845u tranh ngo&#7841i giao nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; r&#7845t th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng khi ph&aacute;t huy s&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7911a ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, bi&#7875u d&#432&#417ng s&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7911a qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n trong nh&#7919ng ng&agrave;y &#273&#7847u c&#7911a n&#7873n d&acirc;n ch&#7911 c&#7897ng h&ograve;a (1945-1946). C&#361ng k&#7871t h&#7907p th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n v&#7899i ngo&#7841i giao Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh v&agrave; Ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911 Vi&#7879t Nam D&acirc;n ch&#7911 C&#7897ng h&ograve;a &#273&atilde; l&agrave;m cho nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i ti&#7871n b&#7897 tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i hi&#7875u s&acirc;u s&#7855c h&#417n v&#7873 kh&aacute;t v&#7885ng &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, th&#7889ng nh&#7845t v&agrave; to&agrave;n v&#7865n l&atilde;nh th&#7893 c&#7911a Ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911 v&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam khi ki&ecirc;n tr&igrave; th&#7921c hi&#7879n Hi&#7879p &#273&#7883nh Gi&#417nev&#417 n&#259m 1954, Hi&#7879p &#273&#7883nh Pari n&#259m 1973, v&agrave; b&#7873n b&#7881 ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh v&igrave; m&#7897t n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, t&#7921 do, th&#7889ng nh&#7845t.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> C&ugrave;ng v&#7899i th&#7901i gian, nh&#7919ng gi&aacute; tr&#7883 t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh v&#7873 ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n v&#7851n c&ograve;n nguy&ecirc;n gi&aacute; tr&#7883 trong b&#7889i c&#7843nh h&#7897i nh&#7853p v&agrave; to&agrave;n c&#7847u h&oacute;a. T&#432 t&#432&#7903ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh v&#7873 ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n &#273&#432&#7907c h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 nh&#7919ng gi&aacute; tr&#7883 t&#7889t &#273&#7865p c&#7911a truy&#7873n th&#7889ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c, trong &#273&oacute; &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c, truy&#7873n th&#7889ng v&#259n h&oacute;a, nh&acirc;n v&#259n trong ngo&#7841i giao c&#7911a cha &ocirc;ng ta v&agrave; y&ecirc;u c&#7847u th&#7921c ti&#7877n c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i ph&#7843i c&oacute; m&#7897t ph&#432&#417ng ph&aacute;p &#7913ng x&#7917 kh&eacute;o l&eacute;o &#273&#7875 kh&ocirc;ng nh&#7919ng &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n trong n&#432&#7899c, m&agrave; c&ograve;n c&oacute; th&#7875 t&#7853p h&#7907p c&aacute;c l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng b&ecirc;n ngo&agrave;i h&#7895 tr&#7907 t&iacute;ch c&#7921c cho th&#7855ng l&#7907i c&#7911a cu&#7897c kh&aacute;ng chi&#7871n.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Tr&ecirc;n tinh th&#7847n &#273&oacute;, &#272&#7843ng ta ch&#7911 tr&#432&#417ng: &ldquo;M&#7903 r&#7897ng h&#417n n&#7919a c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, t&#259ng c&#432&#7901ng quan h&#7879 song ph&#432&#417ng v&agrave; &#273a ph&#432&#417ng v&#7899i c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c v&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c, n&acirc;ng cao hi&#7879u qu&#7843 h&#7907p t&aacute;c v&#7899i c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c phi ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911 qu&#7889c gia v&agrave; qu&#7889c t&#7871, g&oacute;p ph&#7847n t&#259ng c&#432&#7901ng s&#7921 hi&#7875u bi&#7871t l&#7851n nhau, quan h&#7879 h&#7919u ngh&#7883 v&agrave; h&#7907p t&aacute;c gi&#7919a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta v&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c trong khu v&#7921c v&agrave; tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i... Ph&#7889i h&#7907p ch&#7863t ch&#7869 ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng ngo&#7841i giao c&#7911a nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c, ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n,&hellip; l&agrave;m cho th&#7871 gi&#7899i hi&#7875u r&otilde; h&#417n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, con ng&#432&#7901i, c&ocirc;ng cu&#7897c &#273&#7893i m&#7899i c&#7911a Vi&#7879t Nam, &#273&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c ta&rdquo; (10).</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> &#272&#7845t n&#432&#7899c &#273ang &#273&#7893i m&#7899i v&agrave; h&#7897i nh&#7853p to&agrave;n di&#7879n, ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n c&#361ng kho&aacute;c th&ecirc;m l&ecirc;n m&igrave;nh &ldquo;chi&#7871c &aacute;o&rdquo; m&#7899i. C&#361ng gi&#7889ng nh&#432 &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i c&#7911a Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c, ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n tri&#7875n khai &#273&#7873u c&#7843 b&#7889n m&#7863t tr&#7853n: ngo&#7841i giao ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, ngo&#7841i giao kinh t&#7871, ngo&#7841i giao v&#259n h&oacute;a v&agrave; c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t Nam &#7903 n&#432&#7899c ngo&agrave;i, g&oacute;p ph&#7847n qu&#7843ng b&aacute; h&igrave;nh &#7843nh, b&#7843o v&#7879 l&#7907i &iacute;ch c&#7911a Vi&#7879t Nam t&#7841i c&aacute;c di&#7877n &#273&agrave;n nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n khu v&#7921c v&agrave; tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i; v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#7911ng h&#7897 n&#7841n nh&acirc;n ch&#7845t &#273&#7897c m&agrave;u da cam; v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng vi&#7879n tr&#7907 phi ch&iacute;nh ph&#7911 c&#7911a n&#432&#7899c ngo&agrave;i t&#259ng &#273&aacute;ng k&#7875,v.v...</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n theo t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh l&agrave; ph&#7843i bi&#7871t d&#7921a v&agrave;o d&acirc;n, l&#7845y d&acirc;n l&agrave;m g&#7889c. C&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i, ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n v&agrave; s&#7921 k&#7871t h&#7907p gi&#7919a ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n v&agrave; ngo&#7841i giao Nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c l&agrave; s&#7921 s&aacute;ng t&#7841o l&#7899n c&#7911a H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh. T&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i v&#7873 &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i n&oacute;i chung v&agrave; ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n n&oacute;i ri&ecirc;ng &#273&atilde; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh t&agrave;i s&#7843n tinh th&#7847n qu&yacute; b&aacute;u c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; c&#7911a c&#7843 d&acirc;n t&#7897c, th&agrave;nh kim ch&#7881 nam cho n&#7873n ngo&#7841i giao Vi&#7879t Nam hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> Nh&#7919ng th&agrave;nh t&#7921u &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i trong th&#7901i k&#7923 &#273&#7893i m&#7899i tr&ecirc;n n&#7873n t&#7843ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i v&#7873 n&#7873n ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n &#273&atilde; g&oacute;p ph&#7847n &#273&#432a &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c &ldquo;ra kh&#7887i kh&#7911ng ho&#7843ng kinh t&#7871, x&atilde; h&#7897i, v&#432&#7907t qua &#273&#432&#7907c c&#417n ch&#7845n &#273&#7897ng ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 v&agrave; s&#7921 h&#7851ng h&#7909t v&#7873 th&#7883 tr&#432&#7901ng do nh&#7919ng bi&#7871n &#273&#7897ng &#7903 Li&ecirc;n X&ocirc; v&agrave; &#272&ocirc;ng &Acirc;u g&acirc;y ra; ph&aacute; &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7871 b&#7883 bao v&acirc;y, c&#7845m v&#7853n, m&#7903 r&#7897ng &#273&#432&#7907c quan h&#7879 &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i v&agrave; ch&#7911 &#273&#7897ng h&#7897i nh&#7853p kinh t&#7871 qu&#7889c t&#7871&rdquo; (11). Ng&agrave;y nay, khi giao l&#432u qu&#7889c t&#7871 ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng r&#7897ng m&#7903, th&igrave; ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n &ldquo;ti&#7871p t&#7909c &#273&#432&#7907c m&#7903 r&#7897ng&rdquo; (12) c&agrave;ng ph&aacute;t huy &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7913c m&#7841nh t&#7889i &#432u c&#7911a n&oacute;. H&#7885c t&#7853p v&agrave; l&agrave;m theo t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng, t&#7845m g&#432&#417ng &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c c&#7911a Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh trong c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c ngo&#7841i giao nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, &#273&#7875 m&#7895i ng&#432&#7901i d&acirc;n &#273&#7873u c&oacute; vai tr&ograve; l&agrave; m&#7897t &ldquo;&#273&#7841i s&#7913&rdquo; c&#7911a &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c l&agrave; g&oacute;p ph&#7847n qu&#7843ng b&aacute; h&igrave;nh &#7843nh &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&#7893i m&#7899i v&agrave; h&#7897i nh&#7853p trong l&ograve;ng b&#7841n b&egrave; th&#7871 gi&#7899i./.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><strong><br /> ThS. NGUY&#7876N TH&#7882 THANH HUY&#7872N<br /> B&#7843o t&agrave;ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh</strong><br /> <br /> _____________________________________<br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> <br /> (1) - H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh: To&agrave;n t&#7853p, Nxb. CTQG, H, 1995, t.3, tr.514.<br /> (2) - &#272CSVN: V&#259n ki&#7879n &#272&#7843ng To&agrave;n t&#7853p, Nxb. CTQG, H, 2001, t.8, tr.290.<br /> (3) - Theo &#273&#7883nh ngh&#297a c&#7911a Joseph Nye, gi&aacute;o s&#432 c&#7911a &#272&#7841i h&#7885c Harvart- nguy&ecirc;n Th&#7913 tr&#432&#7903ng B&#7897 Qu&#7889c ph&ograve;ng M&#7929, m&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i s&aacute;ng l&#7853p n&ecirc;n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a t&acirc;n t&#7921 do v&#7873 quan h&#7879 qu&#7889c t&#7871 th&igrave; &ldquo;s&#7913c m&#7841nh m&#7873m &rdquo; hay c&ograve;n g&#7885i l&agrave; &ldquo;quy&#7873n l&#7921c m&#7873m&rdquo; l&agrave; &ldquo;kh&#7843 n&#259ng &#273o&#7841t l&#7845y th&#7913 m&igrave;nh mu&#7889n th&ocirc;ng qua s&#7921 h&#7845p d&#7851n thay v&igrave; &eacute;p bu&#7897c. N&oacute; xu&#7845t ph&aacute;t t&#7915 s&#7921 h&#7845p d&#7851n v&#7873 v&#259n h&oacute;a, t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 v&agrave; c&aacute;c ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch c&#7911a m&#7897t qu&#7889c gia&rdquo;. Trong khi &#273&oacute; &ldquo;s&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7913ng&rdquo; c&#7911a m&#7897t n&#432&#7899c l&agrave; s&#7913c m&#7841nh v&#7873 kinh t&#7871, qu&acirc;n s&#7921 c&#7911a n&#432&#7899c &#273&oacute;.<br /> (4), (5) - Nguy&#7877n Dy Ni&ecirc;n: T&#432 t&#432&#7903ng ngo&#7841i giao H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, Nxb. CTQG, H, 2002, tr. 168, 156.<br /> (6) - H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh: To&agrave;n t&#7853p, Nxb CTQG, H.1995, t.2, tr.301.<br /> (7) - &#272CSVN: V&#259n ki&#7879n &#272&#7843ng To&agrave;n t&#7853p, S&#273d, t.12, tr.117.<br /> (8) (9) - H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh: To&agrave;n t&#7853p, Nxb CTQG, H.1995, t. 12, tr.524, 271.<br /> (10), (11) - &#272CSVN: V&#259n ki&#7879n &#272&#7841i h&#7897i &#273&#7841i bi&#7875u to&agrave;n qu&#7889c l&#7847n th&#7913 IX, Nxb. CTQG, H, 2001, tr. 122-123, 19.<br /> (12) - &#272CSVN: V&#259n ki&#7879n &#272&#7841i h&#7897i &#273&#7841i bi&#7875u to&agrave;n qu&#7889c l&#7847n th&#7913 XI, Nxb. CTQG, H, 2011, tr.157.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> </span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">Theo T&#7841p ch&iacute; tuy&ecirc;n gi&aacute;o</span></strong></span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /> <br /> </span></span></div> </meta> </div> </html>

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