Đường Kách mệnh - ngọn đuốc soi đường của cách mạng Việt Nam

<html> <head> <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8'> <title> </title> </head> <div> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <title></title> <div style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh - ng&#7885n &#273u&#7889c soi &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam</span></span></span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><em><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> Trong cu&#7897c &#273&#7901i m&igrave;nh, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; so&#7841n th&#7843o nhi&#7873u v&#259n ki&#7879n l&#7883ch s&#7917 quan tr&#7885ng, nh&#432ng c&oacute; th&#7875 kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh r&#7857ng &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh l&agrave; m&#7897t trong s&#7889 c&aacute;c t&aacute;c ph&#7849m, m&agrave; nh&#7919ng &yacute; t&#432&#7903ng h&agrave;m ch&#7913a trong &#273&oacute;, kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7921c ti&#7877n ch&#7913ng minh l&agrave; &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n, &#273&#7897c &#273&aacute;o, s&aacute;ng t&#7841o m&agrave; c&ograve;n c&oacute; s&#7913c s&#7889ng m&atilde;nh li&#7879t, c&oacute; s&#7913c lay &#273&#7897ng s&acirc;u xa tr&aacute;i tim h&agrave;ng tri&#7879u tri&#7879u ng&#432&#7901i.</span></span></em></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> 1. Sinh ra v&agrave; l&#7899n l&ecirc;n khi phong tr&agrave;o &#273&#7845u tranh y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c ch&#7889ng th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p x&acirc;m l&#432&#7907c c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta d&#432&#7899i s&#7921 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&#7911a t&#7847ng l&#7899p s&#297 phu th&#7901i &#273&oacute;, d&#432&#7901ng nh&#432 v&#7851n &ldquo;&#273ang &#7903 trong &#273&ecirc;m t&#7889i m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; &#273&#432&#7901ng ra&rdquo;, ng&#432&#7901i thanh ni&ecirc;n Nguy&#7877n T&#7845t Th&agrave;nh d&ugrave; kh&acirc;m ph&#7909c &yacute; ch&iacute; v&agrave; t&#7845m g&#432&#417ng c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c c&#7911a c&aacute;c v&#7883 ti&#7873n b&#7889i c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, song kh&aacute;c h&#7885, Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; ch&#7885n h&agrave;nh tr&igrave;nh &ldquo;t&igrave;m &#273&#432&#7901ng &#273i cho d&acirc;n t&#7897c&rdquo; b&#7857ng m&#7897t cu&#7897c kh&#7843o nghi&#7879m &#273&#7901i s&#7889ng ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, kinh t&#7871, v&#259n ho&aacute;, x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7911a nhi&#7873u qu&#7889c gia, qua nhi&#7873u ch&acirc;u l&#7909c. Sau g&#7847n 10 n&#259m (1911-1920) b&ocirc;n ba t&igrave;m &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; t&#7915 m&#7897t ng&#432&#7901i y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh m&#7897t ng&#432&#7901i c&#7897ng s&#7843n. Khi &#273&atilde; &#273&#7871n v&#7899i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin, &#273&#7871n v&#7899i con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c theo qu&#7929 &#273&#7841o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&ocirc; s&#7843n, v&#7899i m&#7897t kh&aacute;t khao ch&aacute;y b&#7887ng v&#7873 &#273&#7897c l&#7853p cho T&#7893 qu&#7889c, t&#7921 do cho &#273&#7891ng b&agrave;o, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; tin t&#432&#7903ng ch&#7855c ch&#7855n r&#7857ng: &ldquo;Trong th&#7871 gi&#7899i b&acirc;y gi&#7901 ch&#7881 c&oacute; c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh Nga l&agrave; &#273&atilde; th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng, v&agrave; th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng &#273&#7871n n&#417i, ngh&#297a l&agrave; d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng &#273&#432&#7907c h&#432&#7903ng c&aacute;i h&#7841nh ph&uacute;c t&#7921 do, b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng th&#7853t, kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843i t&#7921 do v&agrave; b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng gi&#7843 d&#7889i nh&#432 &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c ch&#7911 ngh&#297a Ph&aacute;p khoe khoang b&ecirc;n An nam&rdquo;[1]. Ch&#7885n Qu&#7843ng Ch&acirc;u, Trung Qu&#7889c l&agrave; &#273i&#7875m d&#7915ng ch&acirc;n &#273&#7875 ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, t&#7841i &#273&acirc;y, Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; th&agrave;nh l&#7853p H&#7897i Vi&#7879t Nam C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Thanh ni&ecirc;n 6/ 1925, m&#7903 l&#7899p Hu&#7845n luy&#7879n ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, ra b&aacute;o Thanh ni&ecirc;n, truy&#7873n gi&#7843ng cho &#273&#7897i ng&#361 c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&#7889t c&aacute;n, &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n c&#7911a Vi&#7879t Nam nh&#7919ng n&#7897i dung c&#417 b&#7843n c&#7911a h&#7885c thuy&#7871t M&aacute;c- L&ecirc;nin, &#273&#7875 chu&#7849n b&#7883 cho s&#7921 ra &#273&#7901i m&#7897t ch&iacute;nh &#272&#7843ng v&ocirc; s&#7843n ki&#7875u m&#7899i &#7903 Vi&#7879t Nam.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><img height="424" width="336" src="Duong%20cach%20menh.jpg" alt="" /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><em><span style="font-size: small;">T&aacute;c ph&#7849m &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh xu&#7845t b&#7843n n&#259m 1927</span></em></div> <div style="text-align: center;">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">&#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh t&#7853p h&#7907p nh&#7919ng b&agrave;i gi&#7843ng c&#7911a Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c - H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; gi&#7843ng t&#7841i l&#7899p Hu&#7845n luy&#7879n ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 trong nh&#7919ng n&#259m 1925-1927, do B&#7897 tuy&ecirc;n truy&#7873n c&#7911a H&#7897i li&ecirc;n hi&#7879p c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c b&#7883 &aacute;p b&#7913c &Aacute; &#272&ocirc;ng &#7845n h&agrave;nh v&agrave; b&iacute; m&#7853t &#273&#432&#7907c chuy&#7875n v&#7873 trong n&#432&#7899c theo nhi&#7873u ng&#7843 &#273&#432&#7901ng kh&aacute;c nhau (1927-1930). Trong b&#7889i c&#7843nh Vi&#7879t Nam &#273ang kh&#7911ng ho&#7843ng tr&#7847m tr&#7885ng v&#7873 &#273&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, v&#7873 ph&#432&#417ng ph&aacute;p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&agrave; &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t h&#417n l&agrave; s&#7921 kh&#7911ng ho&#7843ng v&#7873 t&#7893 ch&#7913c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, h&#417n n&#7919a, trong khi phong tr&agrave;o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#7911a c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c thu&#7897c &#273&#7883a ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, h&#432&#7899ng theo kh&#7849u hi&#7879u c&#7911a L&ecirc;nin v&#297 &#273&#7841i: &ldquo;V&ocirc; s&#7843n t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c b&#7883 &aacute;p b&#7913c, &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t l&#7841i!&rdquo;, v&agrave; &#7903 Vi&#7879t Nam v&#7899i ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch &#273&agrave;n &aacute;p h&agrave; kh&#7855c c&#7911a th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p: d&#432 lu&#7853n b&#7883 b&#432ng b&iacute;t th&ocirc;ng tin, nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n b&#7883 &#273&#7847u &#273&#7897c b&#7903i v&#259n ho&aacute; th&#7921c d&acirc;n, th&igrave; nh&#7919ng n&#7897i dung quan tr&#7885ng c&#7911a &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh g&oacute;p ph&#7847n trang b&#7883 cho nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng m&#7899i c&#7911a th&#7901i &#273&#7841i, &#273&#432a th&#7871 gi&#7899i h&#7897i nh&#7853p v&#7899i Vi&#7879t Nam v&agrave; &#273&#432a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam ho&agrave; nh&#7853p c&ugrave;ng d&ograve;ng ch&#7843y chung c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7871 gi&#7899i, c&agrave;ng tr&#7903 n&ecirc;n c&oacute; &yacute; ngh&#297a l&#7899n lao. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> Cu&#7889n &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh do l&atilde;o &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; Nguy&#7877n V&#259n Hoan, nguy&ecirc;n Vi&#7879n tr&#432&#7903ng Vi&#7879n c&ocirc;ng t&#7889 ph&uacute;c th&#7849m H&agrave; N&#7897i s&#432u t&#7847m &#273&#432&#7907c v&agrave; t&#7863ng cho B&#7843o t&agrave;ng C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam ng&agrave;y 26/7/1959 (&ocirc;ng &#272&#7863ng Xu&acirc;n Thi&#7873u V&#7909 tr&#432&#7903ng V&#7909 b&#7843o t&#7891n-B&#7843o t&agrave;ng &#273&atilde; k&yacute; nh&#7853n trong h&#7891 s&#417). C&#361ng theo H&#7891i k&yacute; c&#7911a &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; Nguy&#7877n L&#432&#417ng B&#7857ng, Nxb. Ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 Qu&#7889c gia, H&agrave; N&#7897i, 2006, tr.182, cu&#7889n s&aacute;ch n&agrave;y do ch&iacute;nh &Ocirc;ng &#273em v&#7873 Vi&#7879t Nam v&agrave;o kho&#7843ng m&ugrave;a thu n&#259m 1927, v&agrave; ph&aacute;t cho nhi&#7873u &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; c&#7911a ta &#273ang ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng &#7903 kh&#7855p n&#417i, trong &#273&oacute; c&oacute; m&#7845y &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; t&#7881nh H&#7843i D&#432&#417ng- qu&ecirc; h&#432&#417ng c&#7911a &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute;.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> 2. &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh h&agrave;m ch&#7913a nh&#7919ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng l&#7899n c&#7911a H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, trong &#273&oacute; h&#7885c thuy&#7871t M&aacute;c-L&ecirc;nin &#273&#432&#7907c Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#432a v&agrave;o Vi&#7879t Nam theo c&aacute;ch c&#7911a ri&ecirc;ng m&igrave;nh th&#7853t gi&#7843n d&#7883, d&#7877 hi&#7875u, l&agrave;m cho l&yacute; lu&#7853n M&aacute;c-L&ecirc;nin &#273&#7871n v&#7899i Vi&#7879t Nam nh&#432 h&#7841t gi&#7889ng t&#7889t g&#7863p m&#7843nh &#273&#7845t m&#7847u m&#7905 &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c chu&#7849n b&#7883 s&#7861n s&agrave;ng. &#272&uacute;ng nh&#432 Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; vi&#7871t: &ldquo;V&#259n ch&#432&#417ng v&agrave; hy v&#7885ng s&aacute;ch n&agrave;y ch&#7881 &#7903 trong hai ch&#7919: C&aacute;ch m&#7879nh? C&aacute;ch m&#7879nh?! C&aacute;ch m&#7879nh !!!&rdquo;[2].</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh &#273&#7873 c&#7853p tr&#432&#7899c ti&ecirc;n v&#7845n &#273&#7873 T&#432 c&aacute;ch ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng: Trong m&#7909c n&agrave;y, th&ocirc;ng qua 23 &#273i&#7873u r&#259n, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh ch&#7881 r&otilde;: Ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng ph&#7843i r&egrave;n luy&#7879n &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng. &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n - B&#7897 tham m&#432u t&#7889i cao c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c ch&#7881 ki&ecirc;n c&#432&#7901ng v&agrave; ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh s&#7913 m&#7879nh l&#7883ch s&#7917 c&#7911a m&igrave;nh khi &#273&#432&#7907c trang b&#7883 l&yacute; lu&#7853n c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng ti&ecirc;n ti&#7871n, v&agrave; bao g&#7891m nh&#7919ng con ng&#432&#7901i c&oacute; tr&iacute; tu&#7879, c&oacute; &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&agrave; trung ki&ecirc;n nh&#7845t. &#272&aacute;nh gi&aacute; cao vai tr&ograve;, v&#7883 tr&iacute; c&#7911a &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c, coi &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c l&agrave; g&#7889c, l&agrave; n&#7873n t&#7843ng c&#7911a ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, li&ecirc;n quan &#273&#7871n s&#7921 th&agrave;nh b&#7841i c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, v&#7899i m&#7897t quan ni&#7879m m&#7899i, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; &#273&#432a v&agrave;o n&#7897i dung &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng bao h&agrave;m nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 c&#417 b&#7843n v&#7873 nh&acirc;n sinh quan, th&#7871 gi&#7899i quan c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, v&#7873 &yacute; th&#7913c v&agrave; ph&#432&#417ng ph&aacute;p t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a giai c&#7845p c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; coi vi&#7879c gi&aacute;o d&#7909c &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng l&agrave; m&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c c&#417 b&#7843n, nh&#7857m x&acirc;y d&#7921ng nh&#7919ng con ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng ch&acirc;n ch&iacute;nh, ti&#7871n t&#7899i x&acirc;y d&#7921ng m&#7897t &#272&#7843ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng ch&acirc;n ch&iacute;nh c&#7911a giai c&#7845p c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam. &#272&acirc;y c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7897t b&agrave;i h&#7885c quan tr&#7885ng h&agrave;ng &#273&#7847u &#273&#7889i v&#7899i t&#7893 ch&#7913c ti&#7873n th&acirc;n c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng - H&#7897i Vi&#7879t Nam C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Thanh ni&ecirc;n, v&igrave; s&#7889 &#273&ocirc;ng l&#7899p c&aacute;n b&#7897 khi &#273&oacute;, thu&#7897c th&agrave;nh ph&#7847n ti&#7875u t&#432 s&#7843n tr&iacute; th&#7913c. C&oacute; &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, nh&#7919ng thanh ni&ecirc;n ti&#7875u t&#432 s&#7843n tr&iacute; th&#7913c &#273&oacute;, m&#7899i ti&#7871p thu &#273&#432&#7907c tinh th&#7847n v&agrave; b&#7843n ch&#7845t c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c L&ecirc;nin, m&#7899i t&#7921 nguy&#7879n ph&#7845n &#273&#7845u, quy&#7871t t&acirc;m hy sinh su&#7889t &#273&#7901i cho s&#7921 nghi&#7879p gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng giai c&#7845p. C&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i, vi&#7879c l&#7845y ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849n &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c l&agrave;m m&#7897t trong hai ti&ecirc;u chu&#7849n (&#273&#7913c v&agrave; t&agrave;i) c&#7911a ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;n b&#7897 c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n c&#7897ng s&#7843n, ngay t&#7915 khi chu&#7849n b&#7883 v&#7873 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng v&agrave; t&#7893 ch&#7913c cho s&#7921 ra &#273&#7901i c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam l&agrave; m&#7897t s&aacute;ng t&#7841o &#273&#7897c &#273&aacute;o, mang &#273&#7853m d&#7845u &#7845n H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh r&otilde; m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; CNXH, kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam ph&#7843i tr&#7843i qua hai giai &#273o&#7841n: &#272&oacute; l&agrave; quan &#273i&#7875m c&#7889t l&otilde;i c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin v&#7873 con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam, con &#273&#432&#7901ng: &#272&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i CNXH. T&aacute;c ph&#7849m n&ecirc;u r&otilde; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam ph&#7843i l&agrave;m th&agrave;nh hai giai &#273o&#7841n tr&ecirc;n m&#7897t n&#7873n t&#7843ng chung: C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c (qu&#7889c gia) v&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a (qu&#7889c t&#7871). M&#7909c &#273&iacute;ch c&#7911a cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7913 nh&#7845t l&agrave; gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c. M&#7909c &#273&iacute;ch, &#273&#7889i t&#432&#7907ng, t&ecirc;n g&#7885i, l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng c&#7911a cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c &#7903 Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&#432&#7907c ch&#7881 ra r&#7845t c&#7909 th&#7875, &#273&oacute; l&agrave;: &ldquo;B&#7885n c&#432&#7901ng quy&#7873n n&agrave;y b&#7855t d&acirc;n t&#7897c kia l&agrave;m n&ocirc; l&#7879 nh&#432 Ph&aacute;p v&#7899i An Nam. &#272&#7871n khi d&acirc;n n&ocirc; l&#7879 &#7845y ch&#7883u kh&ocirc;ng n&#7893i n&#7919a, t&#7881nh ng&#7897 l&ecirc;n, &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t l&#7841i, bi&#7871t r&#7857ng th&agrave; ch&#7871t &#273&#432&#7907c t&#7921 do h&#417n s&#7889ng l&agrave;m n&ocirc; l&#7879, &#273&#7891ng t&acirc;m hi&#7879p l&#7921c &#273&aacute;nh &#273u&#7893i t&#7909i &aacute;p b&#7913c m&igrave;nh &#273i; &#7845y l&agrave; d&acirc;n t&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh&rdquo;[3]. C&ugrave;ng v&#7899i vi&#7879c ch&#7881 ra t&ecirc;n g&#7885i c&#7911a c&aacute;c cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh (T&#432 b&#7843n c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh, D&acirc;n t&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh, Giai c&#7845p c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh), H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh nh&#7845n m&#7841nh, tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t ch&uacute;ng ta ph&#7843i t&#7853p trung v&agrave;o nhi&#7879m v&#7909 &ldquo;d&acirc;n t&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh&rdquo; &#273&#7875 &ldquo;gi&agrave;nh l&#7845y quy&#7873n t&#7921 do b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng c&#7911a d&acirc;n n&#432&#7899c m&igrave;nh&rdquo; v&agrave; kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh: Cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7913 nh&#7845t (d&acirc;n t&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh) chu&#7849n b&#7883 nh&#7919ng ti&#7873n &#273&#7873 cho cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7913 hai (th&#7871 gi&#7899i c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh) v&#7873 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, t&#7893 ch&#7913c, kinh t&#7871, v&#259n ho&aacute;. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> &#272&#7889i t&#432&#7907ng c&#7911a &ldquo;d&acirc;n t&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh&rdquo; l&agrave; &#273&aacute;nh &#273&#7893 ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n thu&#7897c &#273&#7883a c&#7911a Ph&aacute;p. Ch&#7911 th&#7875 l&agrave; to&agrave;n d&acirc;n t&#7897c, l&#7845y qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng c&ocirc;ng n&ocirc;ng l&agrave;m n&#7873n t&#7843ng, v&igrave; c&ocirc;ng n&ocirc;ng l&agrave; nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i b&#7883 t&#432 b&#7843n &aacute;p b&#7913c &ldquo;cho n&ecirc;n c&ocirc;ng n&ocirc;ng l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i ch&#7911 c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh&rdquo;, c&ograve;n &ldquo;h&#7885c tr&ograve;, nh&agrave; bu&ocirc;n nh&#7887 c&#361ng b&#7883 t&#432 b&#7843n &aacute;p b&#7913c, song kh&ocirc;ng c&#7921c kh&#7893 b&#7857ng c&ocirc;ng n&ocirc;ng; 3 h&#7841ng &#7845y ch&#7881 l&agrave; b&#7847u b&#7841n c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh c&#7911a c&ocirc;ng n&ocirc;ng th&ocirc;i&rdquo;[4]. L&agrave;m r&otilde; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&agrave; m&#7889i li&ecirc;n minh chi&#7871n l&#432&#7907c gi&#7919a c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n - n&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n v&agrave; b&#7847u b&#7841n c&#7911a h&#7885 trong khi th&#7921c hi&#7879n nhi&#7879m v&#7909 &ldquo;d&acirc;n t&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh&rdquo;, &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh &#273&atilde; t&#7853p h&#7907p &#273&#432&#7907c t&#7845t c&#7843 nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i Vi&#7879t Nam y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c v&agrave;o cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh gi&agrave;nh &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c. &#272i&#7873u n&agrave;y &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c l&#7883ch s&#7917 c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam d&#432&#7899i s&#7921 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam trong 82 n&#259m qua ch&#7913ng minh l&agrave; ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh nh&#7845n m&#7841nh vai tr&ograve; quan tr&#7885ng h&agrave;ng &#273&#7847u c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng - nh&acirc;n t&#7889 quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh m&#7885i th&#7855ng l&#7907i c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam v&agrave; vi&#7879c l&#7921a ch&#7885n m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c trong t&#432&#417ng lai: Tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 nh&#7853n th&#7913c s&acirc;u s&#7855c b&#7843n ch&#7845t c&#7911a th&#7901i &#273&#7841i m&#7899i, v&#7873 nhi&#7879m v&#7909 v&agrave; s&#7913 m&#7879nh l&#7883ch s&#7917 c&#7911a giai c&#7845p v&ocirc; s&#7843n, v&#7873 vai tr&ograve; c&#7911a nh&#7919ng nh&acirc;n t&#7889 &#273&#7843m b&#7843o cho cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c theo qu&#7929 &#273&#7841o c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&ocirc; s&#7843n &#273i &#273&#7871n th&#7855ng l&#7907i cu&#7889i c&ugrave;ng, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh ch&#7881 r&otilde;: &ldquo;Tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t ph&#7843i c&oacute; &#272&#7843ng c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh, &#273&#7875 trong th&igrave; v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng v&agrave; t&#7893 ch&#7913c d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng, ngo&agrave;i th&igrave; li&ecirc;n l&#7841c v&#7899i d&acirc;n t&#7897c b&#7883 &aacute;p b&#7913c v&agrave; v&ocirc; s&#7843n giai c&#7845p m&#7885i n&#417i. &#272&#7843ng c&oacute; v&#7919ng c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh m&#7899i th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng, c&#361ng nh&#432 ng&#432&#7901i c&#7847m l&aacute;i c&oacute; v&#7919ng thuy&#7873n m&#7899i ch&#7841y. &#272&#7843ng mu&#7889n v&#7919ng th&igrave; ph&#7843i c&oacute; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a l&agrave;m c&#7889t... B&acirc;y gi&#7901 h&#7885c thuy&#7871t nhi&#7873u, ch&#7911 ngh&#297a nhi&#7873u, nh&#432ng ch&#7911 ngh&#297a ch&acirc;n ch&iacute;nh nh&#7845t, ch&#7855c ch&#7855n nh&#7845t, c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh nh&#7845t l&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a L&ecirc;nin&rdquo;[5] . C&ugrave;ng v&#7899i nh&#7919ng &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng c&#7909 th&#7875 v&#7873 m&#7909c &#273&iacute;ch, &#273&#7889i t&#432&#7907ng, nhi&#7879m v&#7909, l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng v&agrave; t&#7893 ch&#7913c ti&#7873n phong l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh c&#361ng &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i n&ecirc;u r&otilde; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c trong t&#432&#417ng lai khi c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng, theo tinh th&#7847n: &ldquo;Ch&uacute;ng ta &#273&atilde; hy sinh l&agrave;m c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh th&igrave; n&ecirc;n l&agrave;m cho &#273&#7871n n&#417i, ngh&#297a l&agrave; l&agrave;m sao c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh r&#7891i th&igrave; quy&#7873n giao cho d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng s&#7889 nhi&#7873u, ch&#7899 &#273&#7875 trong tay m&#7897t b&#7885n &iacute;t ng&#432&#7901i. Th&#7871 m&#7899i kh&#7887i hy sinh nhi&#7873u l&#7847n, th&#7871 d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng m&#7899i &#273&#432&#7907c h&#7841nh ph&uacute;c&rdquo;[6].</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c ph&#7843i &#273i theo con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i Nga v&#7899i m&#7897t ph&#432&#417ng ph&aacute;p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng m&#7899i: &#272&oacute; l&agrave;, &#273&#7875 ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh m&#7897t cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng m&agrave; khi ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n &#273&#432&#7907c th&agrave;nh l&#7853p l&agrave; c&#7911a d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng s&#7889 nhi&#7873u, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; h&#432&#7899ng v&#7873 m&#7897t cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh &ldquo;&#273&#7871n n&#417i&rdquo;, &#273&oacute; l&agrave;, c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Nga c&#361ng d&#7841y ch&uacute;ng ta r&#7857ng: &ldquo;Mu&#7889n c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng th&igrave; d&acirc;n ch&uacute;ng (c&ocirc;ng n&ocirc;ng) l&agrave;m g&#7889c, ph&#7843i c&oacute; &#273&#7843ng v&#7919ng b&#7873n, ph&#7843i b&#7873n gan, ph&#7843i hy sinh, ph&#7843i th&#7889ng nh&#7845t&rdquo;[7]. Nh&#432 v&#7853y, c&ugrave;ng v&#7899i vi&#7879c nh&#7853n th&#7913c &#273&#432&#7907c m&#7889i quan h&#7879 ch&#7863t ch&#7869 gi&#7919a y&ecirc;u c&#7847u gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng con ng&#432&#7901i l&agrave; nhu c&#7847u c&#7911a th&#7901i &#273&#7841i v&agrave; n&#7855m b&#7855t &#273&#432&#7907c tinh th&#7847n c&#7911a h&#7885c thuy&#7871t M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin &#273&#7875 gi&#7843i quy&#7871t m&#7897t c&aacute;ch tri&#7879t &#273&#7875 nhu c&#7847u &#7845y, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; &#273&#7913ng tr&ecirc;n l&#7853p tr&#432&#7901ng c&#7911a giai c&#7845p v&ocirc; s&#7843n, &#273&#7875 gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng con ng&#432&#7901i b&#7857ng m&#7897t cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&ocirc; s&#7843n v&agrave; b&#432&#7899c ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n ti&#7871p theo l&agrave; x&acirc;y d&#7921ng CNXH. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> Nh&#7853n th&#7913c ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 n&agrave;y &#273&atilde; &#273&#432a H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&#7871n v&#7899i &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng c&#417 b&#7843n v&#7873 con &#273&#432&#7901ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c Vi&#7879t Nam theo qu&#7929 &#273&#7841o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&ocirc; s&#7843n v&agrave; thi&#7871t l&#7853p m&#7897t th&#7875 ch&#7871 quy&#7873n l&#7921c thu&#7897c v&#7873 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n theo m&ocirc; h&igrave;nh nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c X&ocirc; - Vi&#7871t. &#272&oacute; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; con &#273&#432&#7901ng: &#272&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c g&#7855n li&#7873n v&#7899i CNXH, &#273&#7875 &#273i t&#7899i x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7897ng s&#7843n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a. Nh&#432 v&#7853y, kh&aacute;c v&#7899i cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&ocirc; s&#7843n &#7903 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c ch&iacute;nh qu&#7889c: giai c&#7845p c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng m&igrave;nh, &#273i t&#7899i (gi&uacute;p &#273&#7905) gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c b&#7883 &aacute;p b&#7913c v&agrave; sau &#273&oacute; l&agrave; gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i, theo H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, khi ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh D&acirc;n t&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh &#273&#7875 gi&agrave;nh l&#7841i &#273&#7897c l&#7853p cho T&#7893 qu&#7889c v&agrave; t&#7921 do cho nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c &#7903 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c thu&#7897c &#273&#7883a &#273&atilde; gi&#7843i quy&#7871t &#273&#432&#7907c m&#7897t ph&#7847n c&#7911a nhi&#7879m v&#7909 gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng giai c&#7845p, t&#7841o c&#417 s&#7903 &#273&#7875 &#273i t&#7899i gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng giai c&#7845p ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> Kh&ocirc;ng d&#7915ng l&#7841i &#7903 &#273&oacute;, &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh c&ograve;n &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i ch&#7881 ra ph&#432&#417ng ph&aacute;p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng: v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng, t&#7893 ch&#7913c &#273&#7845u tranh c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, c&aacute;ch th&#7913c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng, v.v.. v&agrave; th&ocirc;ng qua &#273&oacute; tuy&ecirc;n truy&#7873n, gi&#7843ng gi&#7843i l&yacute; lu&#7853n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a cho d&acirc;n hi&#7875u, &#273&#7875 m&#7885i ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute;, &#273&#7891ng &#273&iacute;ch, &#273&#7891ng l&ograve;ng. Th&ocirc;ng qua vi&#7879c n&ecirc;u r&otilde; vai tr&ograve; v&agrave; c&aacute;ch th&#7913c t&#7893 ch&#7913c C&ocirc;ng h&#7897i, D&acirc;n c&agrave;y v&agrave; H&#7907p t&aacute;c x&atilde;, &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh nh&#7845n m&#7841nh r&#7857ng: mu&#7889n t&#7853p h&#7907p l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng c&#7911a to&agrave;n d&acirc;n t&#7897c trong cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh gi&agrave;nh &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; &#273i l&ecirc;n CNXH, nh&#7845t &#273&#7883nh v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 kh&ocirc;ng t&#7893 ch&#7913c, ph&aacute;t huy vai tr&ograve; c&#7911a c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng &#273&oacute;. Qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng t&#7841o n&ecirc;n ngu&#7891n s&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng t&#7853p h&#7907p, huy &#273&#7897ng &#273&#432&#7907c ngu&#7891n s&#7913c m&#7841nh v&ocirc; &#273&#7883ch &#273&oacute;, &#272&#7843ng s&#7869 kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng &#273i &#273&#7871n th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng &#273&#432&#7907c v&agrave; &#273i&#7873u n&agrave;y &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c ti&#7871n tr&igrave;nh c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam ch&#7913ng minh m&#7897t c&aacute;ch sinh &#273&#7897ng.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam n&#7857m trong d&ograve;ng ch&#7843y c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7871 gi&#7899i: Theo &#273&oacute;, th&ocirc;ng qua vi&#7879c tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y l&#7883ch s&#7917 &#272&#7879 nh&#7845t qu&#7889c t&#7871, &#272&#7879 nh&#7883 qu&#7889c t&#7871, &#272&#7879 tam qu&#7889c t&#7871 (Qu&#7889c t&#7871 c&#7897ng s&#7843n), ph&acirc;n t&iacute;ch s&#7921 gi&#7889ng nhau v&agrave; kh&aacute;c nhau gi&#7919a &#272&#7879 nh&#7845t qu&#7889c t&#7871, &#272&#7879 nh&#7883 qu&#7889c t&#7871 v&#7899i &#272&#7879 tam qu&#7889c t&#7871 th&#7921c hi&#7879n kh&#7849u hi&#7879u c&#7911a &#272&#7879 tam qu&#7889c t&#7871: &ldquo;V&ocirc; s&#7843n giai c&#7845p v&agrave; c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c b&#7883 &aacute;p b&#7913c trong th&#7871 gi&#7899i li&ecirc;n h&#7907p l&#7841i!&rdquo;, y&ecirc;u c&#7847u c&aacute;c &#272&#7843ng c&#7897ng s&#7843n &ldquo;ph&#7843i h&#7871t s&#7913c gi&uacute;p d&acirc;n thu&#7897c &#273&#7883a l&agrave;m c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng&rdquo; v&agrave; &#273&#7863t ri&ecirc;ng m&#7897t Ban chuy&ecirc;n nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u v&agrave; gi&uacute;p &#273&#7905 cho c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng b&ecirc;n &Aacute; &#272&ocirc;ng (Ban Ph&#432&#417ng &#272&ocirc;ng Qu&#7889c t&#7871 C&#7897ng s&#7843n), &#272&#432&#7901ng k&aacute;ch m&#7879nh gi&aacute;o d&#7909c cho c&aacute;c chi&#7871n s&#297 c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam v&#7873 ch&#7911 ngh&#297a qu&#7889c t&#7871 v&ocirc; s&#7843n, v&agrave; k&#7871t lu&#7853n: &ldquo;Xem nh&#7919ng vi&#7879c &#7845y th&igrave; &#273&#7911 bi&#7871t r&#7857ng An Nam mu&#7889n c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng, th&igrave; t&#7845t ph&#7843i nh&#7901 &#272&#7879 tam qu&#7889c t&#7871&rdquo;[8]. Ch&#7881 r&otilde; m&#7889i quan h&#7879 m&#7853t thi&#7871t gi&#7919a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam v&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng th&#7871 gi&#7899i, v&#7845n &#273&#7873 &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t d&acirc;n t&#7897c, giai c&#7845p v&agrave; qu&#7889c t&#7871 trong c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c &#7903 Vi&#7879t Nam, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh m&#7903 r&#7897ng t&#7847m t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c Vi&#7879t Nam b&#7857ng quan &#273i&#7875m ch&#7911 ngh&#297a y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c ch&acirc;n ch&iacute;nh kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 t&aacute;ch r&#7901i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a qu&#7889c t&#7871 v&ocirc; s&#7843n v&agrave; kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh: &ldquo;C&aacute;ch m&#7879nh An Nam c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7897t b&#7897 ph&#7853n trong c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh th&#7871 gi&#7899i. Ai l&agrave;m c&aacute;ch m&#7879nh trong th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273&#7873u l&agrave; &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n An Nam c&#7843&rdquo;[9]. Ngo&agrave;i ra, &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh c&#361ng gi&#7899i thi&#7879u v&#7873 l&#7883ch s&#7917, t&#7893 ch&#7913c c&#7911a: Ph&#7909 n&#7919 qu&#7889c t&#7871, C&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n qu&#7889c t&#7871, C&#7897ng s&#7843n thanh ni&ecirc;n qu&#7889c t&#7871, Qu&#7889c t&#7871 gi&uacute;p &#273&#7905 (t&#7893 ch&#7913c Gi&uacute;p &#273&#7905 c&#7911a c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n qu&#7889c t&#7871), Qu&#7889c t&#7871 c&#7913u t&#7871 &#273&#7887, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh &#273&oacute; l&agrave; n&#417i quy t&#7909, t&#7853p h&#7907p v&agrave; ph&aacute;t huy vai tr&ograve; c&#7911a c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng c&#7911a Qu&#7889c t&#7871 c&#7897ng s&#7843n.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> 3. V&#7899i m&#7897t s&#7889 trang kh&ocirc;ng nhi&#7873u &#273&#432&#7907c tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y trong 15 &#273&#7847u m&#7909c l&#7899n (cu&#7889n s&aacute;ch hi&#7879n l&#432u t&#7841i B&#7843o t&agrave;ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam, d&agrave;y 100trang, s&#7889 trang &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&aacute;nh theo t&#7915ng ph&#7847n, kh&ocirc;ng &#273&aacute;nh s&#7889 li&ecirc;n t&#7909c v&agrave; sau &#273&oacute; &#273&#432&#7907c Nxb. S&#7921 Th&#7853t nay l&agrave; Nxb. Ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 Qu&#7889c gia in trong Tuy&#7875n t&#7853p H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh 5/1980, t&aacute;i b&#7843n 4/1982, d&agrave;y 146 trang, kh&#7893 nh&#7887 v&agrave; sau &#273&oacute; in trong H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh To&agrave;n t&#7853p, xu&#7845t b&#7843n n&#259m 1995- t&#7853p 2, b&#7897 12 t&#7853p; t&#7853p 2- b&#7897 15 t&#7853p, xu&#7845t b&#7843n n&#259m 2010-2011), &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh th&#7921c s&#7921 l&agrave; v&#259n ki&#7879n n&#7873n t&#7843ng l&yacute; lu&#7853n &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n, l&agrave; c&#417 s&#7903 cho s&#7921 ra &#273&#7901i c&#7911a C&#432&#417ng l&#297nh ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&#7847u n&#259m 1930. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> 85 n&#259m &#273&atilde; tr&ocirc;i qua, nh&#7919ng n&#7897i dung c&#417 b&#7843n m&agrave; &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh &#273&#7873 c&#7853p &#273&#7871n nh&#432: c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n, v&agrave; c&aacute;c t&#7893 ch&#7913c qu&#7847n ch&uacute;ng c&#7911a Qu&#7889c t&#7871 c&#7897ng s&#7843n, c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n, v&#7873 ph&#432&#417ng ph&aacute;p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, v&#7873 &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t, v.v.. &#273&oacute;ng vai tr&ograve; quan tr&#7885ng nh&#432 cu&#7889n L&agrave;m g&igrave; c&#7911a V.I. L&ecirc;nin, v&#7851n lu&ocirc;n l&agrave; chi&#7871c c&#7849m nang, l&agrave; b&oacute; &#273u&#7889c soi &#273&#432&#7901ng cho c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam &#273i t&#7899i th&#7855ng l&#7907i qua nh&#7919ng n&#259m &#273&#7845u tranh gi&agrave;nh ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n, qua hai cu&#7897c tr&#432&#7901ng chinh ch&#7889ng th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p v&agrave; &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c M&#7929 x&acirc;m l&#432&#7907c, trong nh&#7919ng n&#259m c&#7843 n&#432&#7899c c&ugrave;ng &#273i l&ecirc;n CNXH v&agrave; b&#7843o v&#7879 v&#7919ng ch&#7855c T&#7893 qu&#7889c Vi&#7879t Nam XHCN, &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t l&agrave; trong 25 n&#259m ch&uacute;ng ta ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng cu&#7897c &#273&#7893i m&#7899i &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, v&igrave; m&#7897t n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam: D&acirc;n gi&agrave;u, n&#432&#7899c m&#7841nh, d&acirc;n ch&#7911, c&ocirc;ng b&#7857ng, v&#259n minh. &#272&#432&#7907c vi&#7871t r&#7845t ng&#7855n g&#7885n, nh&#432ng c&#7909 th&#7875, r&otilde; r&agrave;ng, d&#7877 hi&#7875u, sau 85 n&#259m, &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh v&#7851n c&ograve;n nguy&ecirc;n gi&aacute; tr&#7883 th&#7901i s&#7921 l&#7899n lao. Kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 ph&#7911 nh&#7853n r&#7857ng, &#273&#7875 c&oacute; m&#7897t n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam ho&agrave; b&igrave;nh, th&#7889ng nh&#7845t, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, d&acirc;n ch&#7911 v&agrave; gi&agrave;u m&#7841nh &#273ang ng&agrave;y m&#7897t ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, h&#7897i nh&#7853p c&ugrave;ng b&#7841n b&egrave; qu&#7889c t&#7871 nh&#432 h&ocirc;m nay, c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&atilde; ph&#7843i tr&#7843i qua nhi&#7873u kh&uacute;c ngo&#7863t, nh&#432ng v&#7851n gi&agrave;nh &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7855ng l&#7907i, v&#7851n ki&ecirc;n &#273&#7883nh con &#273&#432&#7901ng &#273&atilde; l&#7921a ch&#7885n: &#272&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; CNXH, &#7845y l&agrave; v&igrave;, ch&uacute;ng ta c&oacute; &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh c&#7911a H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh soi &#273&#432&#7901ng, ch&#7881 l&#7889i. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> Trong cu&#7897c &#273&#7901i m&igrave;nh, H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; so&#7841n th&#7843o nhi&#7873u v&#259n ki&#7879n l&#7883ch s&#7917 quan tr&#7885ng, nh&#432ng c&oacute; th&#7875 kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh r&#7857ng &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh l&agrave; m&#7897t trong s&#7889 c&aacute;c t&aacute;c ph&#7849m, m&agrave; nh&#7919ng &yacute; t&#432&#7903ng h&agrave;m ch&#7913a trong &#273&oacute;, kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7921c ti&#7877n ch&#7913ng minh l&agrave; &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n, &#273&#7897c &#273&aacute;o, s&aacute;ng t&#7841o m&agrave; c&ograve;n c&oacute; s&#7913c s&#7889ng m&atilde;nh li&#7879t, c&oacute; s&#7913c lay &#273&#7897ng s&acirc;u xa tr&aacute;i tim h&agrave;ng tri&#7879u tri&#7879u ng&#432&#7901i. Kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 &#273em &#273&#7871n cho nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam trong nh&#7919ng n&#259m 20-30 c&#7911a th&#7871 k&#7927 XX nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 c&#7889t l&otilde;i c&#7911a h&#7885c thuy&#7871t M&aacute;c &ndash; L&ecirc;nin- &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a th&#7901i &#273&#7841i, 85 n&#259m sau, d&ugrave; th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273&atilde; nhi&#7873u &#273&#7893i thay, th&igrave; nh&#7919ng n&#7897i dung &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh n&ecirc;u ra, v&#7851n mang h&#417i th&#7903 c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; th&#7901i &#273&#7841i. &#272&oacute; l&agrave; con &#273&#432&#7901ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i; l&agrave; &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; CNXH; l&agrave; x&acirc;y d&#7921ng m&#7897t ch&iacute;nh &#272&#7843ng trong s&#7841ch v&#7919ng m&#7841nh v&#7873 c&#7843 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng v&agrave; t&#7893 ch&#7913c, l&agrave;m cho h&#7879 th&#7889ng l&yacute; lu&#7853n c&#7911a h&#7885c thuy&#7871t M&aacute;c -L&ecirc;nin, t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh th&#7921c s&#7921 tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh n&#7873n t&#7843ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng, kim ch&#7881 nam cho m&#7885i h&agrave;nh &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a to&agrave;n &#272&#7843ng, to&agrave;n qu&acirc;n v&agrave; to&agrave;n d&acirc;n ta... </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> &#272&#7841i t&#432&#7899ng V&otilde; Nguy&ecirc;n Gi&aacute;p t&#7915ng vi&#7871t: D&ugrave; th&#7871 gi&#7899i c&oacute; &#273&#7893i thay, nh&#432ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh th&igrave; s&#7889ng m&atilde;i, v&igrave; v&#7853y, hi&#7875u &#273&uacute;ng, n&#7855m v&#7919ng v&agrave; v&#7853n d&#7909ng s&aacute;ng t&#7841o nh&#7919ng g&igrave; H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; t&#7915ng vi&#7871t c&aacute;ch &#273&acirc;y 85 n&#259m, c&#361ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; nh&#7853n th&#7913c &#273&uacute;ng v&#7873 ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin tr&ecirc;n m&#7885i ph&#432&#417ng di&#7879n v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng &#273i ch&#7879ch m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; CNXH. Tuy nhi&ecirc;n, do &#273&#7863c &#273i&#7875m v&agrave; xu th&#7871 c&#7911a th&#7901i &#273&#7841i ng&agrave;y nay, t&#7915 nh&#7919ng g&igrave; H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; c&#259n d&#7863n trong &#272&#432&#7901ng K&aacute;ch m&#7879nh, th&igrave; m&#7895i n&#432&#7899c &#273&#7873u ph&#7843i c&oacute; con &#273&#432&#7901ng ri&ecirc;ng &#273&#7875 h&#432&#7899ng t&#7899i m&#7897t m&#7909c &#273&iacute;ch chung, l&agrave;m &#273&uacute;ng th&igrave; th&#7855ng l&#7907i, l&agrave;m sai th&igrave; th&#7845t b&#7841i. Nh&#432ng &#273&#7875 ki&ecirc;n &#273&#7883nh m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u v&agrave; &ldquo;l&agrave;m cho &#273&#7871n n&#417i&rdquo; trong b&#7889i c&#7843nh v&#7915a c&oacute; thu&#7853n l&#7907i v&#7915a c&oacute; th&aacute;ch th&#7913c kh&ocirc;n l&#432&#7901ng, trong khi qu&aacute;n tri&#7879t nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c ph&#7843i gi&#7919 v&#7919ng &#273&#7897c l&#7853p v&#7873 l&atilde;nh th&#7893, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p v&#7873 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883, kinh t&#7871, an ninh v&agrave; qu&#7889c ph&ograve;ng, th&igrave; c&agrave;ng ph&#7843i nh&#7853n th&#7913c m&#7897t c&aacute;ch s&acirc;u s&#7855c h&#417n t&#7847m quan tr&#7885ng v&agrave; &yacute; ngh&#297a to l&#7899n c&#7911a c&ocirc;ng cu&#7897c x&acirc;y d&#7921ng v&agrave; ch&#7881nh &#273&#7889n &#272&#7843ng. V&igrave; v&#7853y, &#273&#7875 &#272&#7843ng lu&ocirc;n trong s&#7841ch, v&#7919ng m&#7841nh, &ldquo;l&agrave; &#273&#7841o &#273&#7913c, l&agrave; v&#259n minh&rdquo; - x&#7913ng &#273&aacute;ng v&#7899i vai tr&ograve; ti&#7873n phong v&agrave; &#273&#432a s&#7921 nghi&#7879p &#273&#7893i m&#7899i c&#7911a ch&uacute;ng ta &#273i &#273&#7871n th&#7855ng l&#7907i ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n th&igrave; m&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng nhi&#7879m v&#7909 c&#7845p b&aacute;ch l&agrave; ph&#7843i th&#7921c hi&#7879n th&#7855ng l&#7907i Ngh&#7883 quy&#7871t &quot;M&#7897t s&#7889 v&#7845n &#273&#7873 c&#7845p b&aacute;ch v&#7873 x&acirc;y d&#7921ng &ETH;&#7843ng hi&#7879n nay&quot; &#273&#432&#7907c th&ocirc;ng qua &#7903 H&#7897i ngh&#7883 l&#7847n th&#7913 t&#432 Ban ch&#7845p h&agrave;nh Trung &#432&#417ng &#272&#7843ng kh&oacute;a XI v&#7915a qua ./. </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> <strong>TS. V&#258N TH&#7882 THANH MAI</strong><br /> <br /> ________________________________________<br /> <em>[1] H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, To&agrave;n t&#7853p, Nxb. CTQG, H, 1995, t. 2, tr 280<br /> [2]H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, S&#273 d, t.2, tr. 262<br /> [3] H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, S&#273d, t.2, tr 265<br /> [4] H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, S&#273d, t.2, tr 266<br /> [5] H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, S&#273d, t.2, tr 267, 268<br /> [6] H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, S&#273d , t.2, tr. 270<br /> [7]H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, S&#273d , t.2, tr. 280 <br /> [8] H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, S&#273d , t.2, tr. 287<br /> [9] H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, S&#273d , t.2, tr.301 <br /> <br /> &nbsp; Theo T&#7841p ch&iacute; Tuy&ecirc;n gi&aacute;o</em><br /> </span></span></div> </meta> </div> </html>

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