Con đường cứu nước thực tiễn Hồ Chí Minh

<html> <head> <meta http-equiv='Content-Type' content='text/html; charset=utf-8'> <title> </title> </head> <div style="text-align: center; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); ">&nbsp;Con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c th&#7921c ti&#7877n H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh</span></strong></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>Khi t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c cu&#7897c kh&#7903i ngh&#297a &#273&#7847u th&#7871 k&#7927 XX &#273&#7873u ph&#7843i h&#7913ng ch&#7883u th&#7845t b&#7841i v&agrave; trong &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n l&#7883ch s&#7917 d&acirc;n t&#7897c c&#361ng nh&#432 th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273ang &#273&#7863t ra nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 th&#7901i &#273&#7841i th&igrave; H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; xu&#7845t hi&#7879n. Ng&#432&#7901i kh&ocirc;ng ch&#7881 k&#7871 th&#7915a nh&#7919ng truy&#7873n th&#7889ng t&#7889t &#273&#7865p c&#7911a qu&aacute; kh&#7913 d&acirc;n t&#7897c nh&#432 nhi&#7873u nh&agrave; y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c kh&aacute;c &#273&#432&#417ng th&#7901i m&agrave; c&ograve;n v&#432&#7907t l&ecirc;n tr&ecirc;n h&#7885, t&igrave;m ra con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n nh&#7845t, &#273&aacute;p &#7913ng t&#7889t nh&#7845t nh&#7919ng y&ecirc;u c&#7847u ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n c&#7911a l&#7883ch s&#7917 d&acirc;n t&#7897c.</em></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; ">&nbsp;</div> <div style="text-align: center; "><img src="bac-ho-danang-vn.jpg" width="500" height="352" alt="" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">1. Cu&#7897c kh&#7911ng kho&#7843ng &#273&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i &#273&#7847u th&#7871 k&#7927 XX c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam, nh&igrave;n m&#7897t c&aacute;ch kh&aacute;i qu&aacute;t c&oacute; th&#7875 r&uacute;t ra hai k&#7871t lu&#7853n: th&#7913 nh&#7845t, b&#7843n th&acirc;n cu&#7897c kh&#7911ng ho&#7843ng kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh tinh th&#7847n y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; &yacute; ch&iacute; gi&agrave;nh &#273&#7897c l&#7853p kh&ocirc;ng g&igrave; d&#7853p t&#7855t &#273&#432&#7907c c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam, v&igrave; n&#7871u nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta cam ch&#7883u n&ocirc; l&#7879 th&igrave; &#273&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; cu&#7897c kh&#7911ng ho&#7843ng &#7845y. Th&#7913 hai, t&iacute;nh b&#7845t di&#7879t c&#7911a n&#7873n &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c, trong &#273&oacute; c&aacute;c &#273i&#7873u ki&#7879n l&#7883ch s&#7917 &#273&atilde; h&#7889i th&uacute;c nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta ph&#7843i &#273i t&#7899i cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c, th&ocirc;ng qua vi&#7879c l&#7921a ch&#7885n nh&#7919ng gi&#7843i ph&aacute;p l&#7883ch s&#7917 t&iacute;ch c&#7921c mang t&iacute;nh th&#7901i &#273&#7841i.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">N&#7871u b&aacute;m ch&#7855c v&agrave;o c&aacute;c xu h&#432&#7899ng v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a l&#7883ch s&#7917 h&#7891i &#273&#7847u th&#7871 k&#7927 XX th&igrave; th&#7901i cu&#7897c &#273&atilde; thay &#273&#7893i. Kh&aacute;c xa v&#7899i k&#7867 th&ugrave; truy&#7873n th&#7889ng, k&#7867 th&ugrave; m&#7899i c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c Vi&#7879t Nam l&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a t&#432 b&#7843n &#273&atilde; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh ch&#7911 ngh&#297a &#273&#7871 qu&#7889c c&#7845u k&#7871t v&#7899i c&aacute;c th&#7871 l&#7921c ph&#7843n &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a l&#7883ch s&#7917 trung c&#7893, hi&#7879n ra nh&#432 m&#7897t s&#7913c m&#7841nh ti&ecirc;n ti&#7871n h&#417n, hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i h&#417n tr&#432&#7899c m&#7897t n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam c&#361 c&#7911a c&aacute;c vua cu&#7889i c&ugrave;ng d&#432&#7899i tri&#7873u Nguy&#7877n. N&#7873n qu&acirc;n ch&#7911 phong ki&#7871n Vi&#7879t Nam v&#7899i th&#7875 ch&#7871 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 Nho gi&aacute;o ch&iacute;nh th&#7889ng t&#7915 cu&#7889i th&#7871 k&#7927 XIX &#273&atilde; ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n b&#7845t l&#7921c tr&#432&#7899c ch&#7911 ngh&#297a t&#432 b&#7843n ph&#432&#417ng T&acirc;y. C&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i sai l&#7847m trong ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i c&#7911a tri&#7873u Nguy&#7877n do &#7843nh h&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 Nho gi&aacute;o &#273&atilde; &#273&#432a &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c tr&#432&#7907t &#273i m&#7897t c&aacute;ch ch&#7853m ch&#7841p tr&ecirc;n con &#273&#432&#7901ng suy tho&aacute;i. S&#7921 l&#7897ng l&#7851y b&#7873 ngo&agrave;i c&#7911a c&aacute;c ki&#7871n tr&uacute;c cung &#273&igrave;nh Hu&#7871 che d&#7845u b&ecirc;n trong m&#7897t t&igrave;nh tr&#7841ng &#273&igrave;nh tr&#7879 kinh t&#7871 s&acirc;u s&#7855c, m&#7897t ch&#7911 ngh&#297a d&acirc;n t&#7897c b&#7843o th&#7911 c&#7921c &#273oan v&agrave; x&#417 c&#7913ng. &#272&oacute; c&#361ng l&agrave; t&igrave;nh tr&#7841ng chung c&#7911a nh&#7919ng qu&#7889c gia ch&#7883u &#7843nh h&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 Trung Qu&#7889c truy&#7873n th&#7889ng &#273ang &#7903 v&agrave;o th&#7901i &#273i&#7875m kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 &#273&aacute;p &#7913ng &#273&#432&#7907c v&#7899i th&#7901i cu&#7897c, b&#7883 &#273&#7897ng v&agrave; l&uacute;ng t&uacute;ng tr&#432&#7899c s&#7913c m&#7841nh v&#7853t ch&#7845t h&oacute;a c&#7911a t&#432 b&#7843n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a ph&#432&#417ng T&acirc;y.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Tr&#432&#7899c h&agrave;nh &#273&#7897ng x&acirc;m l&#432&#7907c ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7849y m&#7841nh c&#7911a th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p, sau m&#7897t th&#7901i gian ch&#7889ng c&#7921 y&#7871u &#7899t, nh&agrave; n&#432&#7899c phong ki&#7871n Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&oacute; &#273&atilde; m&#7845t h&#7871t &yacute; ch&iacute; ch&#7889ng ngo&#7841i x&acirc;m v&agrave; ng&agrave;y c&agrave;ng &#273i v&agrave;o con &#273&#432&#7901ng khu&#7845t ph&#7909c &#273&#7847u h&agrave;ng Ph&aacute;p. &Yacute; th&#7913c y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c cu&#7889i c&ugrave;ng c&#7911a m&#7897t v&agrave;i &ocirc;ng vua tri&#7873u Nguy&#7877n nh&#432 H&agrave;m Nghi (1884 &ndash; 1885), Th&agrave;nh Th&aacute;i (1889 &ndash; 1907), Duy T&acirc;n (1907 &ndash; 1916) c&#361ng b&#7883 th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p v&ocirc; hi&#7879u h&oacute;a. C&aacute;c cu&#7897c kh&#7903i ngh&#297a n&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n m&agrave; ti&ecirc;u bi&#7875u l&agrave; kh&#7903i ngh&#297a Y&ecirc;n Th&#7871 do Ho&agrave;ng Hoa Th&aacute;m l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o k&eacute;o d&agrave;i h&agrave;ng ch&#7909c n&#259m v&agrave; ti&#7871p &#273&#7871n l&agrave; c&aacute;c phong tr&agrave;o &#273&#7845u tranh mang m&agrave;u s&#7855c d&acirc;n ch&#7911 t&#432 s&#7843n &#273&#7873u l&#7847n l&#432&#7907t th&#7845t b&#7841i. Nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u v&#7873 giai &#273o&#7841n n&agrave;y c&#7911a l&#7883ch s&#7917 Vi&#7879t Nam, nh&agrave; s&#7917 h&#7885c Italia Pino Tagliazudu Perugia nh&#7853n &#273&#7883nh: &ldquo;V&agrave;o th&#7901i &#273&#7841i &#273&oacute; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 ch&#432a th&#7853t r&otilde; r&agrave;ng v&agrave; n&#7871u ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch thu&#7897c &#273&#7883a c&#7911a Ph&aacute;p theo g&#432&#417ng ng&#432&#7901i Anh &#273&#7875 cho giai c&#7845p t&#432 s&#7843n b&#7843n x&#7913 m&#7897t kho&#7843ng kh&ocirc;ng gian ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n th&igrave; nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i c&#7843i c&aacute;ch s&#7869 c&oacute; th&#7875 l&agrave; nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i ph&aacute;t ng&ocirc;n &#273&iacute;ch th&#7921c c&#7911a giai c&#7845p &#273&oacute;. Tr&aacute;i l&#7841i, b&#7883 b&oacute;p ngh&#7865t trong tr&#7841ng th&aacute;i y&#7871u &#273u&#7889i v&agrave; l&#7879 thu&#7897c, giai c&#7845p t&#432 s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam ph&#7843i &#273&#432&#417ng &#273&#7847u c&aacute;i log&iacute;c t&#432 b&#7843n ch&#7911 ngh&#297a m&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng bao gi&#7901 tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o d&acirc;n t&#7897c&rdquo; (1).</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">X&atilde; h&#7897i Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&#7847u th&#7871 k&#7927 XX &#273&atilde; &#273&#7863t ra nh&#7919ng v&#7845n &#273&#7873 th&#7901i &#273&#7841i c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&agrave; kh&#7855c kho&#7843i trong t&acirc;m t&#432&#7903ng c&aacute;c nh&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng khi m&agrave; nh&#7919ng cu&#7897c kh&#7903i ngh&#297a cu&#7889i c&ugrave;ng &#273&#7873u ph&#7843i h&#7913ng ch&#7883u th&#7845t b&#7841i. &#272&acirc;y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; hi&#7879n th&#7921c x&atilde; h&#7897i, l&agrave; &#273&#7897ng c&#417 th&uacute;c &#273&#7849y xu h&#432&#7899ng v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng m&#7899i c&#7911a l&#7883ch s&#7917 v&agrave; khi n&oacute;i r&#7857ng, d&acirc;n t&#7897c ta &#273&atilde; sinh ra H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, ng&#432&#7901i anh h&ugrave;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&#297 &#273&#7841i ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; theo &yacute; ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i m&agrave; ti&#7873n &#273&#7873 l&agrave; hi&#7879n th&#7921c &#7845y.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">2. L&#7883ch s&#7917 c&#361ng cho th&#7845y l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 tr&ocirc;ng c&#7853y v&agrave;o l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng n&agrave;o kh&aacute;c ngo&agrave;i l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta &#273&#7875 gi&agrave;nh l&#7845y n&#7873n &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c. Nh&#432ng l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng &#273&oacute; c&ograve;n &#273ang v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng trong c&aacute;c ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c c&#7893 truy&#7873n. V&#7873 m&#7863t l&yacute; thuy&#7871t, c&oacute; th&#7875 gi&#7843 &#273&#7883nh n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; s&#7921 xu&#7845t hi&#7879n c&#7911a h&#7885c thuy&#7871t c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng m&aacute;c x&iacute;t &#7903 ch&acirc;u &Acirc;u, n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; L&ecirc;nin v&agrave; C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Th&aacute;ng M&#432&#7901i, n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; h&igrave;nh th&aacute;i Qu&#7889c t&#7871 c&#7911a s&#7921 li&ecirc;n minh v&ocirc; s&#7843n th&#7871 gi&#7899i trong Qu&#7889c t&#7871 th&#7913 ba, th&igrave; k&#7871t qu&#7843 cu&#7897c ra &#273i c&#7911a ng&#432&#7901i thanh ni&ecirc;n y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c Nguy&#7877n T&#7845t Th&agrave;nh c&oacute; th&#7875 kh&ocirc;ng d&#7851n t&#7899i s&#7921 xu&#7845t hi&#7879n nh&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c. Nh&#432ng l&#7883ch s&#7917 th&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; gi&#7843 &#273&#7883nh m&agrave; l&#7841i ch&#7913ng minh r&#7857ng, trong ho&agrave;n c&#7843nh qu&#7889c t&#7871 nh&#432 v&#7853y, n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; ng&#432&#7901i con c&#7911a m&#7897t d&acirc;n t&#7897c c&oacute; truy&#7873n th&#7889ng y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c nh&#432 d&acirc;n t&#7897c Vi&#7879t Nam m&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i con &#7845y l&#7841i kh&ocirc;ng k&#7871 th&#7915a &#273&#7847y &#273&#7911 truy&#7873n th&#7889ng qu&yacute; b&aacute;u &#273&oacute;, kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; m&#7897t nh&acirc;n c&aacute;ch l&#7899n lao, m&#7897t tr&iacute; tu&#7879 s&aacute;ng su&#7889t v&agrave; m&#7897t &yacute; ch&iacute; s&#7855t &#273&aacute; quy&#7871t t&igrave;m b&#7857ng &#273&#432&#7907c con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c th&igrave; l&#7883ch s&#7917 &#273&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng di&#7877n ra nh&#432 n&oacute; v&#7889n c&oacute;.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Ngay t&#7841i Ph&aacute;p, anh Nguy&#7877n &#273&atilde; m&#7903 m&#7897t &#273&#7897t ph&aacute; kh&#7849u cho con &#273&#432&#7901ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c Vi&#7879t Nam trong hi&#7879n th&#7921c &#273&#7901i s&#7889ng th&#7871 gi&#7899i &#273&#432&#417ng &#273&#7841i, ti&#7871p c&#7853n &#273&#7871n c&aacute;c ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng m&#7899i. S&#7921 th&#7853t l&agrave; b&#7885n th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p &#7903 &#272&ocirc;ng D&#432&#417ng t&#7887 ra s&#7907 h&atilde;i tr&#432&#7899c c&aacute;c t&#7901 truy&#7873n &#273&#417n v&agrave; s&aacute;ch b&aacute;o c&#7911a nh&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c h&#417n l&agrave; c&aacute;c cu&#7897c kh&#7903i ngh&#297a t&#7841i Vi&#7879t Nam m&agrave; v&#7873 c&#259n b&#7843n kh&ocirc;ng kh&aacute;c g&igrave; c&aacute;c cu&#7897c kh&#7903i ngh&#297a ch&#7889ng phong ki&#7871n trong l&#7883ch s&#7917. N&oacute;i cho c&ocirc;ng b&#7857ng th&igrave; b&#7885n ch&uacute;ng t&#7887 ra kh&ocirc;ng lo ng&#7841i l&#7855m tr&#432&#7899c l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng c&#7911a c&#7909 &#272&#7873 Th&aacute;m, v&#7851n tri&#7875n khai l&agrave;m &#273&#432&#7901ng xe l&#7917a H&agrave; N&#7897i - L&#7841ng S&#417n v&agrave; d&agrave;n x&#7871p m&#7897t cu&#7897c ng&#432ng b&#7855n t&#7841m th&#7901i. Th&#7871 m&agrave;, ch&#7881 m&#7897t t&#7901 &quot;Le Paria&quot; (Ng&#432&#7901i c&ugrave;ng kh&#7893) v&agrave; c&aacute;c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng tuy&ecirc;n truy&#7873n c&#7911a nh&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c &#273&atilde; l&agrave;m r&uacute;ng &#273&#7897ng m&#7897t lo&#7841t quan ch&#7913c ch&oacute;p bu c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh quy&#7873n th&#7921c d&acirc;n, &#273&#7871n n&#7895i B&#7897 tr&#432&#7903ng B&#7897 Thu&#7897c &#273&#7883a ph&#7843i m&#7901i Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c &#273&#7871n g&#7863p v&agrave; &#273e d&#7885a, &#273&#7891ng th&#7901i c&oacute; c&#7843 m&#7897t m&#7841ng l&#432&#7899i theo d&otilde;i c&aacute;c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c - con ng&#432&#7901i ch&#432a c&oacute; m&#7897t t&#7845c s&#7855t trong tay, &ldquo;ch&#7881 d&#7921a v&agrave;o l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng c&#7911a ch&iacute;nh ngh&#297a v&agrave; c&#7843m t&igrave;nh c&#7911a giai c&#7845p c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p, nh&#7845t l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n Pa- ri&rdquo; (2).</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Th&#7921c d&acirc;n Ph&aacute;p &#273&atilde; k&#7883p ph&aacute;t hi&#7879n ra m&#7897t ph&aacute;c th&#7843o t&#432&#417ng lai con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c m&#7899i c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam qua c&aacute;c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng theo m&#7897t c&aacute;ch th&#7913c m&#7899i c&#7911a Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c. C&aacute;ch th&#7913c hay ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c &#273&oacute; ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c th&#7921c ti&#7877n H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&#7843m b&#7843o cho nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam gi&agrave;nh l&#7841i quy&#7873n s&#7889ng c&#7911a m&igrave;nh trong b&#7889i c&#7843nh m&#7899i c&#7911a &#273&#7901i s&#7889ng ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 th&#7871 gi&#7899i hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i, kh&aacute;c v&#7899i con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7911a hai c&#7909 Phan hay t&#7845m g&#432&#417ng hy sinh c&#7911a nh&agrave; y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c Nguy&#7877n Th&aacute;i H&#7885c v&agrave; c&aacute;c &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; c&#7911a &ocirc;ng. &#272&oacute; l&agrave; l&yacute; lu&#7853n khoa h&#7885c c&#7911a ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n khoa h&#7885c, l&agrave; c&#432&#417ng l&#297nh v&#7873 m&#7897t ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i h&#417n, b&#7903i v&igrave; n&oacute; xu&#7845t ph&aacute;t t&#7915 b&#7843n ch&#7845t th&#7921c ti&#7877n c&#7911a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i. M&aacute;c &#273&atilde; nh&#7845n m&#7841nh r&#7857ng, ng&#432&#7901i c&#7897ng s&#7843n l&agrave; nh&agrave; duy v&#7853t th&#7921c ti&#7877n. L&yacute; lu&#7853n c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng m&agrave; M&aacute;c, &#258ngghen s&aacute;ng t&#7841o ra v&agrave; sau n&agrave;y L&ecirc;nin ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, l&agrave; m&#7897t ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c cao h&#417n t&#432 b&#7843n. H&#7841t nh&acirc;n c&#7911a h&#7879 th&#7889ng l&yacute; lu&#7853n &#7845y l&agrave; th&#7921c ti&#7877n, l&agrave; ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng con ng&#432&#7901i v&agrave; b&#7843n ch&#7845t con ng&#432&#7901i. Ch&iacute;nh &#273i&#7873u n&agrave;y &#273&atilde; l&yacute; gi&#7843i m&#7897t c&aacute;ch ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c, nh&#7901 tr&#7843i qua th&#7921c ti&#7877n m&agrave; khi b&#7855t g&#7863p ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin, Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c m&#7863c d&ugrave; ch&#432a h&#7873 &#273&#432&#7907c h&#7885c t&#7853p l&yacute; lu&#7853n c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin nh&#432ng &#273&atilde; tin theo ngay L&ecirc;nin v&agrave; Qu&#7889c t&#7871 III, kh&ocirc;ng m&#7897t ch&uacute;t do d&#7921, nh&#432 m&#7897t l&#7869 t&#7921 nhi&ecirc;n (3).</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c. Y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c &#7903 Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c l&agrave; th&#7871 n&agrave;o? Ngai v&agrave;ng, ho&agrave;ng &#273&#7871 nh&#432 c&aacute;c vua ch&uacute;a tri&#7873u Nguy&#7877n &#432? Hay tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh ch&iacute;nh kh&aacute;ch, th&#7911 l&#297nh, t&#7893ng th&#7889ng? &#7902 Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c, y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c l&agrave; y&ecirc;u d&acirc;n, th&#432&#417ng d&acirc;n - y&ecirc;u d&acirc;n nh&#432 y&ecirc;u ch&iacute;nh m&igrave;nh, b&agrave; con m&igrave;nh, y&ecirc;u nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i ngh&egrave;o kh&#7893 nh&#432 m&igrave;nh - m&#7897t ng&#432&#7901i b&#7891i t&agrave;u, qu&eacute;t tuy&#7871t, th&#7907 &#7843nh... M&#7897t ng&#432&#7901i m&#7845t n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; ngh&egrave;o kh&#7893 &#273i l&agrave;m c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng chi&#7871n &#273&#7845u cho s&#7921 thay &#273&#7893i th&acirc;n ph&#7853n n&ocirc; l&#7879 c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c m&igrave;nh. &#272&acirc;y l&agrave; n&eacute;t ri&ecirc;ng v&#7873 c&#7897i ngu&#7891n c&#7911a nh&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c. C&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i, y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c v&agrave; th&#432&#417ng d&acirc;n l&agrave; h&agrave;nh trang &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n c&#7911a Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c, tr&#432&#7899c khi Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&#7871n v&#7899i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c nh&#432 ch&iacute;nh Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh: &ldquo;L&uacute;c &#273&#7847u, ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c, ch&#7913 ch&#432a ph&#7843i l&agrave; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n &#273&atilde; &#273&#432a t&ocirc;i tin theo L&ecirc;nin, tin theo Qu&#7889c t&#7871 th&#7913 ba. T&#7915ng b&#432&#7899c m&#7897t, trong cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh, v&#7915a nghi&ecirc;n c&#7913u l&yacute; lu&#7853n M&aacute;c - L&ecirc;nin, v&#7915a l&agrave;m c&ocirc;ng t&aacute;c th&#7921c t&#7871, d&#7847n d&#7847n t&ocirc;i hi&#7875u &#273&#432&#7907c r&#7857ng, ch&#7881 c&oacute; ch&#7911 ngh&#297a x&atilde; h&#7897i, ch&#7911 ngh&#297a c&#7897ng s&#7843n m&#7899i gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng &#273&#432&#7907c c&aacute;c d&acirc;n t&#7897c b&#7883 &aacute;p b&#7913c v&agrave; nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i lao &#273&#7897ng tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i kh&#7887i &aacute;ch n&ocirc; l&#7879&rdquo; (4).</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Ch&#7911 ngh&#297a M&aacute;c &#273&#7871n t&#7921 nhi&ecirc;n nh&#432ng l&#7841i g&#7855n v&#7899i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a y&ecirc;u n&#432&#7899c, v&#7899i &#273&#7845u tranh giai c&#7845p, g&#7855n gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng giai c&#7845p v&#7899i gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c (5). &#272&acirc;y l&agrave; con &#273&#432&#7901ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n b&#7873n v&#7919ng c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c Vi&#7879t Nam v&igrave; d&acirc;n t&#7897c Vi&#7879t Nam ch&#7881 &#273i con &#273&#432&#7901ng n&agrave;y m&#7899i &#273&#7871n th&#7855ng l&#7907i. Sau n&agrave;y, khi &#273&atilde; gi&agrave;nh &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c r&#7891i, trong t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#7891ng ngh&#297a v&#7899i bi&#7879t l&#7853p ho&#7863c c&ocirc; l&#7853p v&#7899i th&#7871 gi&#7899i m&agrave; ph&#7843i &#273i &#273&ocirc;i v&#7899i vi&#7879c ch&#7911 &#273&#7897ng m&#7903 r&#7897ng h&#7907p t&aacute;c qu&#7889c t&#7871 tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 x&#7917 l&yacute; &#273&uacute;ng &#273&#7855n quan h&#7879 gi&#7919a l&#7907i &iacute;ch qu&#7889c gia d&acirc;n t&#7897c v&#7899i l&#7907i &iacute;ch giai c&#7845p, l&#7907i &iacute;ch qu&#7889c t&#7871. C&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i, d&acirc;n t&#7897c - giai c&#7845p - nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i l&agrave; m&#7897t ch&#7881nh th&#7875 kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#7889i l&#7853p trong t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng - ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh c&#361ng nh&#432 trong to&agrave;n b&#7897 &#273&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i. T&#7841i &#272&#7841i h&#7897i XI c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng, t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng n&agrave;y c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i ti&#7871p t&#7909c &#273&#432&#7907c &#272&#7843ng ta n&acirc;ng cao v&agrave; kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh: &ldquo;Ti&#7871p t&#7909c th&#7921c hi&#7879n t&#7889t ch&#7911 tr&#432&#417ng m&#7903 r&#7897ng ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i, ch&#7911 &#273&#7897ng v&agrave; t&iacute;ch c&#7921c h&#7897i nh&#7853p qu&#7889c t&#7871. Th&#7921c hi&#7879n nh&#7845t qu&aacute;n &#273&#432&#7901ng l&#7889i &#273&#7889i ngo&#7841i &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, t&#7921 ch&#7911, &#273a ph&#432&#417ng h&oacute;a, &#273a d&#7841ng h&oacute;a quan h&#7879, gi&#7919 v&#7919ng m&ocirc;i tr&#432&#7901ng h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#7893n &#273&#7883nh cho ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, h&#7907p t&aacute;c v&agrave; ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n, b&#7843o v&#7879 v&#7919ng ch&#7855c &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, ch&#7911 quy&#7873n, th&#7889ng nh&#7845t v&agrave; to&agrave;n v&#7865n l&atilde;nh th&#7893, n&acirc;ng cao v&#7883 th&#7871 &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c; g&oacute;p ph&#7847n t&iacute;ch c&#7921c v&agrave;o cu&#7897c &#273&#7845u tranh v&igrave; h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c, d&acirc;n ch&#7911 v&agrave; ti&#7871n b&#7897 x&atilde; h&#7897i tr&ecirc;n th&#7871 gi&#7899i. H&#7907p t&aacute;c b&igrave;nh &#273&#7859ng, c&ugrave;ng c&oacute; l&#7907i v&#7899i t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c n&#432&#7899c tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 nh&#7919ng nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855c c&#417 b&#7843n c&#7911a Hi&#7871n ch&#432&#417ng Li&ecirc;n h&#7907p qu&#7889c v&agrave; Lu&#7853t ph&aacute;p qu&#7889c t&#7871&rdquo; (6).</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">3. Sau khi &#273&atilde; th&agrave;nh ng&#432&#7901i c&#7897ng s&#7843n, con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&#7913u n&#432&#7899c &#273&atilde; h&igrave;nh dung trong t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng m&igrave;nh th&igrave; con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a l&agrave; l&#7921a ch&#7885n &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n v&agrave; c&#361ng l&agrave; cu&#7889i c&ugrave;ng c&#7911a Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c. Kh&aacute;c v&#7899i Phan B&#7897i Ch&acirc;u, l&#7853p tr&#432&#7901ng &#273&#432&#7907c chuy&#7875n d&#7883ch sau nh&#7919ng th&#7845t b&#7841i, qua nhi&#7873u l&#7921a ch&#7885n, Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c chi&ecirc;m nghi&#7879m, suy ng&#7851m, t&igrave;m ki&#7871m, b&#7855t g&#7863p v&agrave; ch&#7881 l&#7921a ch&#7885n c&oacute; m&#7897t l&#7847n: cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a, cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n mang t&iacute;nh th&#7901i &#273&#7841i s&acirc;u s&#7855c.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Vi&#7879c x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh ch&#7911 th&#7875 c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng l&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, sau &#273&oacute; &#273&#432&#7907c ch&iacute;nh x&aacute;c h&oacute;a l&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n lao &#273&#7897ng, tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n v&agrave; n&ocirc;ng d&acirc;n quy &#273&#7883nh to&agrave;n b&#7897 c&aacute;c ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#7911a Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c trong t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c giai &#273o&#7841n c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng. Ho&agrave;n thi&#7879n s&#7913 m&#7841ng l&#7883ch s&#7917 &#7845y l&agrave; c&ocirc;ng lao l&#7883ch s&#7917 v&#297 &#273&#7841i c&#7911a Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh. &#272&oacute; l&agrave; ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c c&#417 b&#7843n nh&#7845t l&agrave;m cho cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#7911a d&acirc;n t&#7897c ta tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh m&#7897t cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng ti&ecirc;n ti&#7871n c&#7911a th&#7901i &#273&#7841i, l&agrave; ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c ch&#7911 y&#7871u bi&#7871n d&acirc;n t&#7897c Vi&#7879t Nam th&agrave;nh m&#7897t d&acirc;n t&#7897c hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i, h&ograve;a v&agrave;o d&ograve;ng ti&#7871n h&oacute;a chung c&#7911a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i. Ch&iacute;nh v&igrave; th&#7871 m&agrave; con &#273&#432&#7901ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; l&#7921a ch&#7885n l&uacute;c n&agrave;o c&#361ng gi&#7919 nguy&ecirc;n &yacute; ngh&#297a th&#7901i s&#7921 trong t&#7845t c&#7843 c&aacute;c giai &#273o&#7841n c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng &#273&atilde; qua v&agrave; s&#7869 t&#7899i. C&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i ng&agrave;y nay n&oacute; tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh n&#7873n t&#7843ng c&#7911a t&#432 duy ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 v&agrave; &#273&#7883nh h&#432&#7899ng cho c&ocirc;ng cu&#7897c &#273&#7893i m&#7899i &#273ang &#273&#432&#7907c &#273&#7849y m&#7841nh &#7903 n&#432&#7899c ta.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Khi &#273&#7863t v&#7845n &#273&#7873 x&acirc;y d&#7921ng ch&#7911 th&#7875 m&#7899i c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng l&agrave; nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n lao &#273&#7897ng, l&agrave; c&#7889 k&#7871t c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng &#7845y th&agrave;nh m&#7897t c&#417 th&#7875 th&#7889ng nh&#7845t, &yacute; th&#7913c r&otilde; r&#7879t ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng v&agrave;o m&#7897t xu h&#432&#7899ng v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng chung, l&agrave; m&#7897t nh&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng t&#7915ng tr&#7843i, gi&agrave;u kinh nghi&#7879m, Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh kh&ocirc;ng bao gi&#7901 &#7843o t&#432&#7903ng trong c&aacute;ch &#273&#7863t v&#7845n &#273&#7873 v&agrave; trong ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng. C&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c n&agrave;y Ng&#432&#7901i l&agrave;m su&#7889t &#273&#7901i, kh&ocirc;ng l&uacute;c n&agrave;o ng&#7915ng, l&agrave;m t&#7915ng b&#432&#7899c, b&#432&#7899c sau c&oacute; y&ecirc;u c&#7847u, c&aacute;ch th&#7913c cao h&#417n b&#432&#7899c tr&#432&#7899c, d&#7847n d&#7847n &#273&#7871n giai &#273o&#7841n ch&iacute;n mu&#7891i th&igrave; chuy&#7875n nh&#7919ng &#273&#7863c tr&#432ng c&#417 b&#7843n c&#7911a n&oacute; th&agrave;nh m&#7897t h&igrave;nh th&#7913c ch&iacute;nh, m&#7897t ch&#7871 &#273&#7897 ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 c&oacute; h&igrave;nh th&#7913c ph&aacute;p ch&#7871.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">&#272&#7901i s&#7889ng x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#361ng tu&acirc;n theo t&iacute;nh t&#7845t y&#7871u kh&#7855c nghi&#7879t nh&#432 &#273&#7901i s&#7889ng t&#7921 nhi&ecirc;n nh&#432ng c&oacute; &#273&#7863c th&ugrave; l&agrave; lu&ocirc;n lu&ocirc;n ph&#7843n &aacute;nh k&#7871t qu&#7843 tr&#7921c ti&#7871p c&#7911a ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng con ng&#432&#7901i. S&#7921 nghi&#7879p gi&agrave;nh &#273&#7897c l&#7853p d&acirc;n t&#7897c, tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t l&agrave; k&#7871t qu&#7843 ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng &#273&#7845u tranh c&#7911a to&agrave;n th&#7875 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam, v&#7899i t&#432 c&aacute;ch l&agrave; m&#7897t c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c. C&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng &#7845y ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ch&#7911 th&#7875 ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng. &#272&oacute; l&agrave; &#273&#7863c tr&#432ng &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n c&#7911a m&#7897t cu&#7897c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i, c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a. M&#7889i li&ecirc;n h&#7879 n&#7897i t&#7841i c&#7911a ch&#7911 th&#7875 c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng l&agrave; c&aacute;c quan h&#7879 x&atilde; h&#7897i m&agrave; b&#7843n ch&#7845t l&agrave; c&aacute;c quan h&#7879 v&#7873 l&#7907i &iacute;ch. Nh&#432ng c&#361ng nh&#432 ch&#7911 th&#7875 c&aacute; nh&acirc;n, ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a m&#7897t ch&#7911 th&#7875 c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng c&#361ng ph&#7843i &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7889ng nh&#7845t trong s&#7921 chi ph&#7889i chung c&#7911a m&#7897t c&#417 quan c&oacute; ch&#7913c n&#259ng kh&ocirc;ng kh&aacute;c g&igrave; c&#417 quan th&#7847n kinh trung &#432&#417ng c&#7911a ch&#7911 th&#7875 c&aacute; nh&acirc;n. Tr&igrave;nh &#273&#7897 v&agrave; s&#7913c m&#7841nh ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a ch&#7911 th&#7875 t&ugrave;y thu&#7897c v&agrave;o t&iacute;nh th&#7889ng nh&#7845t c&oacute; c&#417 c&#7845u v&#7853n h&agrave;nh c&#7911a n&oacute;, m&agrave; n&#7871u kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; th&igrave; c&#7897ng &#273&#7891ng ng&#432&#7901i s&#7869 kh&ocirc;ng kh&aacute;c g&igrave; b&#7845t k&#7923 m&#7897t ch&#7911ng lo&#7841i n&agrave;o kh&aacute;c. Hi&#7879n th&#7921c c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng &#7903 n&#432&#7899c ta &#273&atilde; kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh &#273i&#7873u &#273&oacute;. &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam r&otilde; r&agrave;ng l&agrave; m&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng nguy&ecirc;n nh&acirc;n c&#417 b&#7843n v&agrave; quy&#7871t &#273&#7883nh nh&#7845t d&#7851n t&#7899i th&#7855ng l&#7907i c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam, v&#7899i t&#432 c&aacute;ch l&agrave; b&#7897 tham m&#432u to&agrave;n di&#7879n c&#7911a sinh m&#7879nh c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng. Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; t&#7841o ra t&#7915 c&#417 th&#7875 x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#7893 truy&#7873n c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta b&#7897 tham m&#432u hi&#7879n &#273&#7841i c&#7843 t&#7915 b&#7843n ch&#7845t v&agrave; c&#417 ch&#7871 c&#361ng nh&#432 kh&#7843 n&#259ng v&agrave; ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng, &#273&#7875 cho &#272&#7843ng g&aacute;nh v&aacute;c &#273&#432&#7907c vai tr&ograve; trung t&acirc;m c&#7911a ch&#7911 th&#7875 c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&agrave; ch&iacute;nh Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; tr&#7921c ti&#7871p r&egrave;n luy&#7879n, l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o b&#7897 tham m&#432u &#7845y. C&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; h&oacute;a th&acirc;n v&agrave;o trong ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng, &#273&#7875 &#273&#7871n l&#432&#7907t m&igrave;nh, &#272&#7843ng l&#7841i h&oacute;a th&acirc;n trong ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng c&#7911a h&agrave;ng ch&#7909c tri&#7879u ng&#432&#7901i, bi&#7871n &#273&#7893i m&#7897t x&atilde; h&#7897i c&#361 k&#7929, l&#7841c h&#7853u th&agrave;nh m&#7897t x&atilde; h&#7897i m&#7899i m&agrave; xu h&#432&#7899ng ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 &#273&#7843o ng&#432&#7907c, ph&#7843n &aacute;nh r&otilde; n&eacute;t nh&#7919ng gi&aacute; tr&#7883 ph&#7893 bi&#7871n v&agrave; tr&igrave;nh &#273&#7897 v&#259n h&oacute;a chung c&#7911a nh&acirc;n lo&#7841i. N&#7871u d&acirc;n t&#7897c ta kh&ocirc;ng v&#432&#417n l&ecirc;n ngang t&#7847m th&#7901i &#273&#7841i, kh&ocirc;ng nh&acirc;n b&#7843n h&#417n, v&#259n minh h&#417n, kh&ocirc;ng m&#7841nh h&#417n k&#7867 th&ugrave; th&igrave; &#273&atilde; kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 chi&#7871n th&#7855ng tr&#432&#7899c nh&#7919ng th&#7871 l&#7921c &#273en t&#7889i &#273&#432&#7907c xem l&agrave; c&oacute; s&#7913c m&#7841nh nh&#7845t th&#7901i &#273&#7841i v&agrave; c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam c&#361ng kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 &#273i t&#7915 th&#7855ng l&#7907i n&agrave;y &#273&#7871n th&#7855ng l&#7907i kh&aacute;c. C&ocirc;ng lao l&#7883ch s&#7917 v&#297 &#273&#7841i &#7845y tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t thu&#7897c v&#7873 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh. C&oacute; th&#7875 n&oacute;i, ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c th&#7921c ti&#7877n H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c &#273&#432&#7907c tri&#7875n khai song song v&#7899i qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; b&iacute; quy&#7871t th&agrave;nh c&ocirc;ng v&agrave; l&agrave; s&#7913c s&#7889ng t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng - ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c &#7845y h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t trong t&#432 duy s&aacute;ng t&#7841o H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, b&#7855t ngu&#7891n t&#7915 kinh nghi&#7879m s&#7889ng m&agrave; Ng&#432&#7901i t&iacute;ch l&#361y &#273&#432&#7907c, t&#7915 nh&#7919ng kho t&agrave;ng kinh nghi&#7879m v&agrave; l&yacute; lu&#7853n m&agrave; Ng&#432&#7901i &#273&atilde; ti&#7871p thu tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 thi&ecirc;n t&#432 si&ecirc;u vi&#7879t, &#7903 c&aacute; nh&acirc;n v&#297 nh&acirc;n H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh. &#272&oacute; c&#361ng ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; &#273&ograve;i h&#7887i c&#7911a ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, b&#7903i v&igrave; ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng l&agrave; ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng m&agrave; &#7903 &#273&oacute; b&#7843n ch&#7845t, tr&igrave;nh &#273&#7897 v&agrave; ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c &#273&#7873u ph&#7843i &#273&#7841t t&#7899i c&#7845p &#273&#7897 th&#7921c ti&#7877n r&#7845t cao. Do &#273&oacute;, t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng - ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh v&#7873 m&#7863t kh&aacute;ch quan, ch&iacute;nh l&agrave; ph&#7843n &aacute;nh c&aacute;c quy lu&#7853t ch&#7911 y&#7871u, c&aacute;c ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c c&#417 b&#7843n c&#7911a cu&#7897c v&#7853n &#273&#7897ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng Vi&#7879t Nam t&#7915 khi &#273&#432&#7907c h&igrave;nh th&agrave;nh cho t&#7899i th&#7855ng l&#7907i ng&agrave;y nay v&agrave; c&aacute;c vi&#7877n c&#7843nh c&#7911a n&oacute; trong t&#432&#417ng lai.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">4. V&agrave;o nh&#7919ng n&#259m cu&#7889i cu&#7897c &#273&#7901i ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a m&igrave;nh, Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh ti&#7871p t&#7909c kh&#7859ng &#273&#7883nh vai tr&ograve; ch&#7911 th&#7875 c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng, &#273&#7863t to&agrave;n b&#7897 ni&#7873m tin y&ecirc;u v&agrave;o s&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n. Trong Di ch&uacute;c th&aacute;ng 5-1968, B&aacute;c vi&#7871t &#7903 &#273o&#7841n cu&#7889i nh&#432 m&#7897t l&#7901i t&#7893ng k&#7871t: &ldquo;&#272&#7875 gi&agrave;nh l&#7845y th&#7855ng l&#7907i trong cu&#7897c chi&#7871n &#273&#7845u kh&#7893ng l&#7891 n&agrave;y c&#7847n ph&#7843i &#273&#7897ng vi&ecirc;n to&agrave;n d&acirc;n, t&#7893 ch&#7913c v&agrave; gi&aacute;o d&#7909c to&agrave;n d&acirc;n, d&#7921a v&agrave;o l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng v&#297 &#273&#7841i c&#7911a to&agrave;n d&acirc;n&rdquo; (7). &#272&#7891ng th&#7901i Ng&#432&#7901i c&#361ng &#273&#7863t ra y&ecirc;u c&#7847u r&#7845t cao &#273&#7889i v&#7899i &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n, b&#7897 tham m&#432u chi&#7871n &#273&#7845u, trung t&acirc;m l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng v&agrave; x&atilde; h&#7897i. Ngay t&#7915 l&#7847n vi&#7871t Di ch&uacute;c th&#7913 nh&#7845t, ng&agrave;y 15-5-1965, Ng&#432&#7901i vi&#7871t: &ldquo;Tr&#432&#7899c h&#7871t n&oacute;i v&#7873 &#272&#7843ng, nh&#7901 &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t ch&#7863t ch&#7869, m&#7897t l&ograve;ng, m&#7897t d&#7841 ph&#7909c v&#7909 giai c&#7845p, ph&#7909c v&#7909 T&#7893 qu&#7889c, ph&#7909c v&#7909 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, cho n&ecirc;n t&#7915 ng&agrave;y th&agrave;nh l&#7853p &#273&#7871n nay, &#272&#7843ng ta &#273&atilde; &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t, t&#7893 ch&#7913c v&agrave; l&atilde;nh &#273&#7841o nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n ta h&#259ng h&aacute;i &#273&#7845u tranh ti&#7871n t&#7915 th&#7855ng l&#7907i n&agrave;y &#273&#7871n th&#7855ng l&#7907i kh&aacute;c. &#272o&agrave;n k&#7871t l&agrave; m&#7897t truy&#7873n th&#7889ng c&#7921c k&#7923 qu&yacute; b&aacute;u c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng v&agrave; c&#7911a d&acirc;n ta. C&aacute;c &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; t&#7915 Trung &#432&#417ng &#273&#7871n c&aacute;c chi b&#7897 c&#7847n ph&#7843i gi&#7919 g&igrave;n s&#7921 &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t nh&#432 gi&#7919 g&igrave;n con ng&#432&#417i c&#7911a m&#7855t m&igrave;nh. Trong &#272&#7843ng th&#7921c h&agrave;nh d&acirc;n ch&#7911 r&#7897ng r&atilde;i, th&#432&#7901ng xuy&ecirc;n v&agrave; nghi&ecirc;m ch&#7881nh t&#7921 ph&ecirc; b&igrave;nh v&agrave; ph&ecirc; b&igrave;nh l&agrave; c&aacute;ch t&#7889t nh&#7845t &#273&#7875 c&#7911ng c&#7889, ph&aacute;t tri&#7875n s&#7921 &#273o&agrave;n k&#7871t v&agrave; th&#7889ng nh&#7845t c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng. Ph&#7843i c&oacute; t&igrave;nh &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; th&#432&#417ng y&ecirc;u l&#7851n nhau&rdquo; (8).</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">Ba n&#259m sau, v&agrave;o th&aacute;ng 5-1968 (tr&#432&#7899c khi qua &#273&#7901i h&#417n m&#7897t n&#259m), Ng&#432&#7901i l&#7841i &#273&#7863c bi&#7879t quan t&acirc;m &#273&#7871n v&#7845n &#273&#7873 &#272&#7843ng, ngay &#7903 &#273o&#7841n &#273&#7847u c&#7911a c&#7911a b&#7843n Di ch&uacute;c b&#7893 sung n&agrave;y, Ng&#432&#7901i vi&#7871t: &ldquo;Theo &yacute; t&ocirc;i, vi&#7879c c&#7847n ph&#7843i l&agrave;m tr&#432&#7899c ti&ecirc;n l&agrave; ch&#7881nh &#273&#7889n l&#7841i &#272&#7843ng, l&agrave;m cho m&#7895i &#273&#7843ng vi&ecirc;n, m&#7895i chi b&#7897 &#273&#7873u ra s&#7913c l&agrave;m tr&ograve;n nhi&#7879m v&#7909 &#272&#7843ng giao ph&oacute; cho m&igrave;nh, to&agrave;n t&acirc;m, to&agrave;n &yacute; ph&#7909c v&#7909 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n. L&agrave;m &#273&#432&#7907c nh&#432 v&#7853y, th&igrave; d&ugrave; c&ocirc;ng vi&#7879c to l&#7899n m&#7845y, kh&oacute; kh&#259n m&#7845y ch&uacute;ng ta c&#361ng nh&#7845t &#273&#7883nh th&#7855ng l&#7907i&rdquo; (9).</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">T&oacute;m l&#7841i, trong qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh ti&#7871p c&#7853n &#273&#7871n t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng - ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, &#7903 &#273&acirc;u, trong bi&#7875u hi&#7879n t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i, ch&uacute;ng ta th&#7845y, t&#7915 l&#7901i n&oacute;i &#273&#7871n vi&#7879c l&agrave;m v&agrave; trong c&aacute;c ch&#7911 tr&#432&#417ng ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch, t&#7845t c&#7843 &#273&#7873u xu&#7845t ph&aacute;t v&igrave; l&#7907i &iacute;ch c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, to&aacute;t l&ecirc;n ni&#7873m tin y&ecirc;u s&acirc;u s&#7855c v&agrave;o nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n v&agrave; th&#7855ng l&#7907i c&#7911a c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng. T&#7915 &ldquo;B&#7843n y&ecirc;u s&aacute;ch c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n Vi&#7879t Nam&rdquo; n&#259m 1919 vi&#7871t tr&ecirc;n &#273&#7845t Ph&aacute;p g&#7917i H&#7897i ngh&#7883 Versailles &#273&#7871n &ldquo;Tuy&ecirc;n ng&ocirc;n &#273&#7897c l&#7853p&rdquo; (1945), &ldquo;Hi&#7871n ph&aacute;p 1946&rdquo; v&agrave; trong &ldquo;Di ch&uacute;c&rdquo; c&#7911a Ng&#432&#7901i, b&#7845t k&#7923 trong ho&agrave;n c&#7843nh n&agrave;o, th&#7901i gian n&agrave;o ch&uacute;ng ta c&#361ng c&#7843m nh&#7853n &#273&#432&#7907c s&#7921 nh&#7845t qu&aacute;n v&agrave; tin t&#432&#7903ng tuy&#7879t &#273&#7889i c&#7911a Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh v&agrave;o l&#7921c l&#432&#7907ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng to l&#7899n c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n. D&#7921a v&agrave;o ch&#7911 th&#7875 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n, x&acirc;y d&#7921ng ch&#7911 th&#7875 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n tr&ecirc;n c&#417 s&#7903 &#273&#7893i m&#7899i v&agrave; ch&#7881nh &#273&#7889n &#272&#7843ng, &#273&oacute; l&agrave; ph&#432&#417ng th&#7913c c&#259n b&#7843n &#273&#7875 &#273&#7841t t&#7899i c&aacute;c m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u l&yacute; t&#432&#7903ng m&agrave; con &#273&#432&#7901ng c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh x&aacute;c &#273&#7883nh. T&#432 duy v&#7873 nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n v&agrave; &#272&#7843ng &#273&atilde; tr&#7903 n&ecirc;n r&#7845t v&#7919ng ch&#7855c v&agrave; chi ph&#7889i to&agrave;n b&#7897 s&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&#7911a Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, v&#7899i Ng&#432&#7901i, &#273&acirc;y l&agrave; v&#7845n &#273&#7873 tr&#7885ng t&acirc;m. N&#7871u ch&uacute;ng ta ho&agrave;n t&#7845t &#273&#432&#7907c nhi&#7879m v&#7909 tr&#7885ng t&acirc;m n&agrave;y th&igrave; xu th&#7871 m&#7899i c&#7911a th&#7901i &#273&#7841i tr&ecirc;n &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c ta kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875 b&#7883 &#273&#7843o ng&#432&#7907c v&agrave; th&#7855ng l&#7907i c&#7911a c&ocirc;ng cu&#7897c &#273&#7893i m&#7899i v&igrave; m&#7909c ti&ecirc;u x&acirc;y d&#7921ng m&#7897t n&#432&#7899c Vi&#7879t Nam h&ograve;a b&igrave;nh, &#273&#7897c l&#7853p, th&#7889ng nh&#7845t, to&agrave;n v&#7865n l&atilde;nh th&#7893, d&acirc;n gi&agrave;u, n&#432&#7899c m&#7841nh, d&acirc;n ch&#7911, c&ocirc;ng b&#7857ng, v&#259n minh s&#7869 &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7921c hi&#7879n m&#7897t c&aacute;ch ch&#7855c ch&#7855n. V&#7845n &#273&#7873 tr&#7885ng t&acirc;m n&agrave;y trong t&#432 t&#432&#7903ng - ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &#273&atilde; &#273&#432&#7907c th&#7875 hi&#7879n trong b&agrave;i h&#7885c kinh nghi&#7879m l&#7899n m&agrave; &#272&#7843ng ta &#273&atilde; ch&#7881 ra t&#7841i &#272ai h&#7897i l&#7847n th&#7913 XI v&#7915a qua, &#273&oacute; l&agrave;: &ldquo;S&#7921 nghi&#7879p c&aacute;ch m&#7841ng l&agrave; c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n. Ch&iacute;nh nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n l&agrave; ng&#432&#7901i l&agrave;m n&ecirc;n nh&#7919ng th&#7855ng l&#7907i l&#7883ch s&#7917. To&agrave;n b&#7897 ho&#7841t &#273&#7897ng c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng ph&#7843i xu&#7845t ph&aacute;t t&#7915 l&#7907i &iacute;ch v&agrave; nguy&#7879n v&#7885ng Ch&iacute;nh &#273&aacute;ng c&#7911a nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n. S&#7913c m&#7841nh c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng l&agrave; &#7903 s&#7921 g&#7855n b&oacute; m&#7853t thi&#7871t v&#7899i nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n. Quan li&ecirc;u, tham nh&#361ng, xa r&#7901i nh&acirc;n d&acirc;n s&#7869 d&#7851n &#273&#7871n nh&#7919ng t&#7893n th&#7845t kh&ocirc;n l&#432&#7901ng &#273&#7889i v&#7899i v&#7853n m&#7879nh c&#7911a &#273&#7845t n&#432&#7899c, c&#7911a ch&#7871 &#273&#7897 x&atilde; h&#7897i ch&#7911 ngh&#297a v&agrave; c&#7911a &#272&#7843ng&rdquo;(10)./.</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br /> </span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; ">------</span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>(1): H&#7897i th&#7843o qu&#7889c t&#7871: Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh &ndash; Anh h&ugrave;ng gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c, nh&agrave; v&#259n h&oacute;a l&#7899n, Nxb Khoa h&#7885c x&atilde; h&#7897i, H&agrave; N&#7897i, 1990, tr. 156.</em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em><br /> </em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>(2): Xem T. Lan: V&#7915a &#273i &#273&#432&#7901ng v&#7915a k&#7875 chuy&#7879n, Nxb S&#7921 Th&#7853t, H&agrave; N&#7897i, 1976, tr.14.</em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em><br /> </em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>(3): Ng&agrave;y 16 v&agrave; 17-7-1920 tr&ecirc;n b&aacute;o Nh&acirc;n &#273&#7841o &#273&#259ng hai s&#7889 li&#7873n: S&#417 th&#7843o l&#7847n th&#7913 nh&#7845t Lu&#7853n c&#432&#417ng v&#7873 v&#7845n &#273&#7873 d&acirc;n t&#7897c thu&#7897c &#273&#7883a c&#7911a L&ecirc;nin, trong chuy&ecirc;n &#273&#7873 C&aacute;ch m&#7841ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c thu&#7897c &#273&#7883a. Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c - Ng&#432&#7901i ra &#273i t&igrave;m &aacute;nh s&aacute;ng cho d&acirc;n t&#7897c m&igrave;nh &#273&atilde; t&igrave;m &#273&#432&#7907c ngu&#7891n s&aacute;ng. &#272&#7843ng x&atilde; h&#7897i Ph&aacute;p ti&#7871n h&agrave;nh &#273&#7841i h&#7897i t&#7915 ng&agrave;y 25-12-1920 &#273&#7871n ng&agrave;y 29-12-1920. &#272&#7843ng x&atilde; h&#7897i chia r&#7869 l&agrave;m hai ph&aacute;i: ph&aacute;i h&#7919u v&agrave; ph&aacute;i t&#7843 (70%). Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c ng&#7891i v&#7873 ph&iacute;a tay tr&aacute;i. 70% c&#7911a ph&aacute;i t&#7843 &#7845y t&aacute;ch ra th&agrave;nh l&#7853p &#273&#7843ng c&#7897ng s&#7843n. 2h30 s&aacute;ng ng&agrave;y 30-12-1920, Nguy&#7877n &Aacute;i Qu&#7889c tr&#7903 th&agrave;nh ng&#432&#7901i c&#7897ng s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam &#273&#7847u ti&ecirc;n v&agrave; c&#361ng l&agrave; m&#7897t trong nh&#7919ng ng&#432&#7901i th&agrave;nh l&#7853p &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Ph&aacute;p.</em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em><br /> </em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>(4): H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, To&agrave;n t&#7853p, Nxb Ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 qu&#7889c gia, H&agrave; N&#7897i, 2000, t&#7853p 1, tr. 128.</em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em><br /> </em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>(5): Th&aacute;ng 7-1935 Qu&#7889c t&#7871 c&#7897ng s&#7843n l&#7847n th&#7913 VII h&#7885p, trong n&#432&#7899c c&#7917 c&aacute;c &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; L&ecirc; H&#7891ng Phong, Nguy&#7877n Th&#7883 Minh Khai, Ho&agrave;ng V&#259n N&#7885n (&#273&#7841i bi&#7875u ch&iacute;nh th&#7913c) &#273i d&#7921. Khi &#273o&agrave;n v&#7873 B&aacute;c c&#259n d&#7863n: C&aacute;c &#273&#7891ng ch&iacute; ph&#7843i gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng d&acirc;n t&#7897c &#273&atilde;, d&acirc;n t&#7897c ch&#432a gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng th&igrave; giai c&#7845p &#273&#7871n v&#7841n n&#259m c&#361ng ch&#432a gi&#7843i ph&oacute;ng &#273&#432&#7907c. N&ecirc;n th&agrave;nh l&#7853p M&#7863t tr&#7853n d&acirc;n t&#7897c th&#7889ng nh&#7845t v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng &#273&#432&#7907c h&#7907p t&aacute;c v&#7899i t&#7901-r&#7889t-k&iacute;t (t&#7843 khuynh).</em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em><br /> </em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>(6): &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam, V&#259n ki&#7879n &#272&#7841i h&#7897i &#273&#7841i bi&#7875u to&agrave;n qu&#7889c l&#7847n th&#7913 XI, Nxb Ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 qu&#7889c gia, H&agrave; N&#7897i, 2011, tr. 83-84.</em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em><br /> </em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>(7), (8), (9): Ban Ch&#7845p h&agrave;nh Trung &#432&#417ng &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam: Di ch&uacute;c c&#7911a Ch&#7911 t&#7883ch H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh, H&agrave; N&#7897i, 1989, tr. 43; 35-36; 41.</em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em><br /> </em></span></span></div> <div><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>(10) &#272&#7843ng C&#7897ng s&#7843n Vi&#7879t Nam, V&#259n ki&#7879n &#272&#7841i h&#7897i &#273&#7841i bi&#7875u to&agrave;n qu&#7889c l&#7847n th&#7913 XI, S&#273d, Nxb Ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 qu&#7889c gia, H&agrave; N&#7897i, 2011, tr. 65.</em></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><br type="_moz" /> </span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><strong>PGS, TS. Nguy&#7877n Ho&agrave;i V&#259n</strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "> <strong>Vi&#7879n Ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 h&#7885c H&#7885c vi&#7879n Ch&iacute;nh tr&#7883 - H&agrave;nh ch&iacute;nh Qu&#7889c gia H&#7891 Ch&iacute; Minh</strong></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: small; "><span style="font-family: Arial; "><em>(Ngu&#7891n: t&#7841p ch&iacute; C&#7897ng S&#7843n)</em></span></span></div> <div>&nbsp;</div> </html>

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Ngày 14-12, Ban Thường vụ Thành Đoàn đã phối hợp với Bộ Tư lệnh Thành phố, Trung đoàn Gia Định tổ chức ngày hội Thanh niên khỏe khu vực lực lượng vũ trang và hành trình “Tiếp lửa truyền thống” với chủ đề “Tự hào người chiến sĩ quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam”.

Agile Việt Nam
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